关键词不能为空

当前您在: 主页 > 英语 >

中美英雄对比 英语论文

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2021-02-08 22:39
tags:

-

2021年2月8日发(作者:好女孩英文)


Undergraduate Thesis of Faculty of Foreign Studies Yangtze University College of Arts and Science


I Introduction


Hero


is


a


somewhat


subjective


concept.


It


generally


refers


to


someone


whose


ability is beyond the ability of ordinary people, they can lead common people to do


something


meaningful.


Of


course,


heroes


also


have


their


own


distinct


characters,


which are different from nations, countries or regions and so on.



In spite of different personalities of heroes, hero worship exists almost in every


type


of


culture.


Heroism,


result


of


hero


worship,


represents


special


social


cultural


pursuit


of


a


culture


and


to


some


extend


influences


the


development


of


a


society.


However,


the


definition


of


the


social


value


of


heroism


differs


with


cultures.


In


this


thesis,


the


author


attempted


to


analyse


the


hero


image


of


Hiccup


in


movie


How


to


train your dragon


so as to discuss the characters of American hero. By this way, we


are available to have a better understanding about their values and outlook on life. In


addition,


by


comparing


the


similarities


and


differences


of


heroism


in


both


America


and China in detail, we will have a more profound understanding about the cultural


differencise between China and America.
















- 1 -


Undergraduate Thesis of Faculty of Foreign Studies Yangtze University College of Arts and Science


II Literature Review


Previous scholars have made a concrete explaination about heroism and have a


brief introduction about its background.



2.1 Definition of Heroism


Along with the progress of human civilization, the understanding of heroism has


been formed into two aspects. One is the humanitarian spirit values gradually took the


place of the past narrow nationalism, nationalism and racialism values. Heroism has a


wide range of significance about mankind spiritual. On the other hand, on behalf of


many kinds of culture and different national values, the heroism of different countries


in mutual collisions have been constantly understanding and learning from each other.


Heroism with the trend of human unity and other various cultural values will always


be


a


pair


of


contradiction.


The


United


States


as


a


representative


of


western


culture


system


promoted


their


cultural


values


with


its


strong


economic


strength.


To


speak


more


specificly,


that


?


s


to


advocate


the


concept


of


American


heroism


and


shape


touching


hero


image


to


establish


the


leading


position


of


western


culture .As


the



globalized world today, in addition to the economic strength, it


?


s more important to


emphasize cultural diversity and the coexistence of various values.


The view above is from a British writer named Carlisle in his book


The heroes


and the hero worship


. He did a simple elaboration about poeple


?


s understanding to the


heroism


today


so


as


to


emphasize


the


significance


of


cultural


diversity


and


coexistence of different values. Well,


the author?s opinion is


just consistent with my


writing


purpose.


This


thesis


is


based


on


the


contrast


of


the


American


hero


and


Chinese hero to discuss western values and their outlook on life, so that we can better


understand the western culture, their way of thinking and their belief to strengthen the


ideological exchanges between Chinese and western and promote the fusion of their


values.




- 2 -


Undergraduate Thesis of Faculty of Foreign Studies Yangtze University College of Arts and Science


2.2 Background of American Hero


In


The


hero


complex


in


American


film


,


the


author


Zhou


Xiaoling


claimed


that


heroes are the product of group life. As early as ancient times, somebody outstanding


in


intelligence


or


in


physical


strength


would


appear


as


pioneer


when


people


felt


powerless in front of nature. Among these leaders, those who are superior in character


than the ordinary people can be crowned by the title of


“hero”. The emergence of the


hero came as the public psychological worship to hero, the dreaming of supernormal


ability


and


the


desire


to


succeed.


I


n


everyone?s



inner


heart,


there


is


a


deep


hero


complex and worship or yearning to the hero which no doubt can cause our resonance.


Film is undoubtedly one of the most powerful art forms. Hollywood as the American


“dreamworks”


has been constantly weaving a variety of fascinating dreams from the


day it began to work.



The hero myth



is without doubt one of the most successful


and


traditional


dream


modes.


Countless


heroes


came


out


from


the


screen,


their


behaviors


have


been


widely


known,


hero


complex


has


become


one


of


the


distinct


characteristics


in


American


movies.


Zhou


Xiaoling


eludicated


the


reason


about


the


yearing to hero and enabled us to understand mass psychology to hero worship.



In


the


article


The


basic


conditons


of


super


civilian


hero


in


American


film


,


the


author


QiJin


argued


that



superman



,



spiderman




and



swordsman




these


three


series of film title are translated as “man”, can be called Hollywood “SanXia” movies.



While, in these movies, heroes have supernatural ability, at the same time are ordinary


people in daily life, so it can be called them


super “civilian hero” with supernatural


power.


The


three


films


has


striking


consistency


in


the


literature


source,


building


common


American


modern


myths.


America?s


“SanXia”


movies


ar


e


adapted


from


cartoon,


as


modern


myth


persuiting


perfection


of


human,


reflect


people?s


deep


potential conscious and unconscious. Why


“civilian hero” movie


like


“SanXia” series


in


Hollywood


are


so


popular?


To


explain


this,


we


should


get


to


know


about


the


society and



several historical events of the United States. The scholars argued that


the


appearance


of


this


kind


of


film


is


closely


related


with


its


national


unconscious


existing deeply in the United States. So to speak, because of the unconscious desire to



- 3 -


Undergraduate Thesis of Faculty of Foreign Studies Yangtze University College of Arts and Science


the


civilian


hero


among


American


people,


this


type


of


film


is


provided


for


a


good


opportunity


to


occupy


the


marketing.


The


pursuit


of


American


with


deep


personal


heroism complex and affirmation


to each individual?s value


render the appearance of


“civilian hero” movie


. The author mainly analyzed the background and foundation of


the


born


of


its


civilian


hero,


presenting


a


good


reference


to


understand


the


civilian


hero complex in the United States.


Previous scholars have researched


people?


s psychology to the hero worship and


the background and forming reasons of heroism plot in America. So in this paper, the


author will focus on comparing the differencies in both Chinese hero and American


hero, instead of the reasons or background about the formation of hero. Heroism in


human


society


has


a


long


history,


it


has,


in


fact,


already


become


a


kind


of


cultural


phenomenon


which


can


reflect


the


basic


ideology


of


eastern


and


western.


Such


as


Chen duxiu pointed,


“western nation


lay emphasis on individualism and fighting, by


contrast,


the


security


of


country


and


family


peace


is


in


the


top


priority


of


Oriental


nation ”


, In this paper, the author attempted to analyse the hero image of Hiccup in


movie


How to train your dragon


so as to discuss the characteristics of American hero,


by this


way,


we are available to


have a


better understanding about


their values and


outlook on life. In addition, through the comparison between Chinese hero image and


American hero image, we are able to get distinct identities of values and views both in


China and the United States, thereby to have a more profound understanding about the


cultural


differencise


between


China


and


America,


or


even


between


eastern


and


western.







- 4 -


Undergraduate Thesis of Faculty of Foreign Studies Yangtze University College of Arts and Science


III Analysis of Hero Image in


How to Train Your


Dragon


In


order


to


get


to


know


about


the


characteristics


of


American


hero


we


should


analyse


a


specific


American


hero


as


the


example.


During


the


analysis


process,


the


author


try


to


from


three


aspects


to


analyse


the


hero


Hiccup,


as


follows:


firstly,


Hiccup


?


s


growing


background,


then


it


?


s


Hiccup


?


s


personality,


the


last


it


?


s


his


interpersonnal relations.




3.1 Hiccup



s growing background


In


the


film



how


to


train


you


dragon


,


the


Viking


tribe


is


living


in


a


tough


environment,


where


is


cold,


lack


of


food


and


barren


landed,


and


they


are


natural


habitants


living


by


hunting


and


fishing.


When


refer


to


how


to


deal


with


the


relationship


with


natural


communication,


the


best


method


is


still


conquer.


When


talking about the great Viking spirit, Hiccup


?


s father, Stoick, as the leader of the tribe,


stated that the Viking warrior spirit is strong enough to crush mountains, bare forests


and flat sea. With the ethical values of human centralism, the Vikings believed that


they


are


the


only


subject


and


the


slaughter


of


the


nature.


They


are


proud


of


their


strong


power.


A


huge


shape


and


thick


hair


are


the


characteristics


of


strong


Viking


warriors, and their armor, helmet, sharp axe and big iron hammer and so on is the flag


presenting their great power.


Therefore, according to this standard, Gangly Hiccup is considered to be lack of


the characteristics of the Viking warrior, for he is not full of muscle and seems to lack


of courage and honor. Hiccup's father is a strong and mighty leader, however, his son


is thin and small, a very alternative boy. Under the background of the Vikings ancient


view


that


power


is


everything,


dragon


become


must


be


conquered


object


for


the


Vikings.


Killing


dragon


has


been


a


traditional


culture


passing


down


from


the


generation of the Vikings. The dragon has been put on a label of dangerous in their


ancient books. Young people all were tought that dragon must be slaughtered. Their



- 5 -


Undergraduate Thesis of Faculty of Foreign Studies Yangtze University College of Arts and Science


definition


to


hero


also


make


a


profound


influence,


to


their


cultural


tradition,


thus,


those who can fight with dragon and successfully kill dragon is credited as the Viking


warriors.


As the son of the Viking leader, Hiccup should set an example to take the lead to


become a Viking warrior honored by his people. However, either from the appearance


or inner part, Hiccup is


not


compatible with


a


Viking warrior. A thin


body


can not


fight with the fierce dragon, what


?


s worse, Hiccup would bring unexpected troubles in


the battle from time to time, so his father and other people in the tribe never hold out


any hope on Hiccup, even are a little bit disappointed. They would fight with dragon


rather than stay to take care of Hiccup.


In general, Hiccup just like a square peg in a round hole, .growing up in different


surroundings. Though he looks weak, does not like a Viking warrior of strong body,


in the harsh living conditions, Hiccup still has exercised out resolute and unyielding


character.


Although


Hiccup


did


not


fully


accepted


the


view


that


Viking


warriors


should be strong and brave enough to kill dragon, also influenced by it, such as great


courage



and superior judgment.


3.2 Hiccup



s Personality


Hiccup?


s living environment contribute to his indomitable and fortitude character,


view about the brave Viking warriors led to his great courage and observant insight.


Now


let


?


s


make


a


brief


analysis


about


Hiccup


?


s


personality.


First


of


all,


he


is


very


clever and has strong practical ability. He is good at using his mind to invent many


kinds


of


instruments,


which


prove


that


he


is


a


diligent


thinker


with


a


pair


of


practicable


hands.



Every


time


when


people


are


in


fighting


with


dragons,


he


will


always use himself-made instruments


trying to


help


his


people,


but


mostly they


are


failed, and sometimes even do a disservice. From this point we can see that Hiccup is


not a rigid person, he won


?


t blindly obey what others told him what to do or just stay


in situ. He is eager for a breakthrough and attempts to prove himself. This also helps


to lay a fundation about Hiccup


?


s shake and query on the traditional concept of the


Viking warriors.



- 6 -


Undergraduate Thesis of Faculty of Foreign Studies Yangtze University College of Arts and Science


Secondly,


Hiccup


is


kind-hearted


and


nonconfirmed


in


stereotypes.


When


his


knife stabed towards Toothless, he saw T


oothless? eyes


were full of fear and despair.


In this moment, he hesitated and doubted that dragons were really ferocious and evil


as they assumed. Finally, he gave up killing Toothless, and even feed Toothless with


fish since Toothless had been hurt without ability to feed itself. Such actions would be


absolutely incredible to people in the Viking tribe. Abandoning the old idea of dragon


from his predecessors, Hiccup made a close contact with the dragon, Toothless, and


understood the true nature of dragons. He formed his own idea to dragon, established


a profound friendship with Toothless. They trust eath other, never desert the other part


even in need. In additon the western culture just advocate the ability of self-practice


and


self



cognitive.


There


is


no


absolute


authority


and


truth,


no


unchanged


models.


They dislike to stick in the mub, to obey blindly without any doubts.


Finally,


Hiccup


was


brave


enough


to


challenge


fixed


idea,


using


his


own


perspective to get to know about dragons. In the film, Hiccup and Toothless fought


with the final boss---a huge greedy dragon, which again shows his great courage. At


the


same


time,


he


could


lead


his


companies


wisely


to


attack


the


weaknesses


of


the


huge dragon, which also presents his special leadership and conducting faculty. In the


western views, full of strategy, wise and leadership are all qualifies that a great man


should


possess.


Especially


in


the


election,


such


abilities


are


considered


as


the


top


priority.


3.3 Hiccup



s Interpersonal Relationship


Hiccup?s


father


is


the


leader



of


the


Vikings


with


strong


power,


the


V


ikings?



mission has been killing dragons. Every generated leader has the long-cherished wish


to


find the dragon?s lair


and eradicate it. However, his son, Hiccup as a thin and small


boy,


would


never


grow


up


as


his


father


expected.


Hiccup


didn


?


t


not


have


such


a


surreal dream that one day he would be as strong and powerful as his father either. In


such a background, the relationship between father and son was in a quandary, thus,


both of them were eager for get the identity from the other part, but there was always


a gap between them because of their different beliefs and personality.



- 7 -


Undergraduate Thesis of Faculty of Foreign Studies Yangtze University College of Arts and Science


Even though Hiccup still hoped to prove his ability to his father. However, things


always


go


contrary


to


one


?


s


wishes,


instead


of


slaughtering


a


dragon,


in


a


strange


combination of


circumstances, the


young and inexperienced Hiccup became friends


with


a


dragon,


Toothless.


His


father


was


extremely


disappointed


with


Hiccup


after


knowing the truth.


When his


father


led people to smash the dragon?s lair,


the huge


dragon was too strong to conquer and many people of the tribe had been badly hurt


and felt scared. At this time Hiccup and his friends rode their tame dragons to help to


fight with that huge dragon. This moment, his father seemed to understand something


so that he released Toothless and let Toothless go back to help Hiccup. Finally, the


huge dragon was defeated and all the people were saved. Hiccup made their people


realized that all their previous views to dragons were totally wrong, dragons also can


be very friendly and tractable.


To try to get his father


?


s understanding, instead of compelling his father to accept


Toothless, Hiccup use another way to let the father know that Toothless also had its


own lovely


and justice aspects. On the other hand,


in the critical


moment


Hiccup


?


s


father can also timely abandon the fix ideas having been passed from


generation to


generation


and


give


support


to


Hiccup.


So


to


speak,


their


relationship


was


rejuvernated


by


their


mutual


understanding


and


considering.


What


?


s


this


film


advocated is mutual understanding in human beings and living harmony with nature.


The


final


victory


of


Viking


people


was


not


achieved


by


force


or


violence,


but


can


attribute


to


the


union


of


all


the


Vikings


plusing


tacit


cooperation


of


Hiccup


and


Toothless. It is thus clear that violence and force only can led to temporarily obedient


and yield, while sincere love between people can obtain long harmonious.


In Hiccup? lif


e there was another important person, his lover, Astrid. Astrid was


a


frank,


sincere,


brave


and


was


born


with


stubborn


and


competitive


spirit


of


the


Viking


warriors.


Having


witnessed


the


good


partner


relations


between


Hiccup


and


Toothless, not only she put down the hostility towards Toothless, also became kind


and friendly to Toothless, from this point we can see that Astrid was very considerate


and


thoughtful,


she


knew


well


that


Hiccup


was


in


a


circumstances


of


contradiction



- 8 -


Undergraduate Thesis of Faculty of Foreign Studies Yangtze University College of Arts and Science


and on the horns of a dilemma, so she gave the best support to hin.



When Hiccup


?


s


father and people knew that Hiccup went close with a dragon, their hope to Hiccup


from the top dropped down to the bottom There was nothing Hiccup could do but to


helplessly watch his people risking their lives to fight with the huge dragon. At this


moment, Astrid stood by


him again


when he


felt dispirited and discouraged.


Under


the inspire of Astrid, Hiccup gained the courage to put himself up again to save his


people.


Astrid's


good


character


and


her


firm


belief


and


indomitable


spirit


also


is


undoubtedly became another bright spot of the movie. There is no deny that Hiccup


?


s


success is not only because of his courage to challenge stereotype, understandings and


supports from his relatives, friends and lover also took a large proportion.

















- 9 -


Undergraduate Thesis of Faculty of Foreign Studies Yangtze University College of Arts and Science


IV Characteristics of American Hero


In this paper, the author


?


s opinion is that the most conspicuous characteristics of


American


hero


is


the


personal


heroism.


Personal


heroism


means


a


person


who


is


divorced from the masses, believed personal power very much and to perform certain


social


mission


using


heroism


thought


and


behavior.


Seeing


individualism


for


the


principle, it exaggerated or discomfort local emphasis on individual in social life and


the


role


of


historical


activities,


denying


people's


power


and


wisdom.


It


shows


that


undeserved reputation, self- righteousness, prided himself on all as the characteristic.


So


the


following


three


characters


of


American


hero


are


all


surrounded


by


personal


heroism, to give a more detailed analysis on it.


4.1 Individualism


Individualism, which has various explanations in the British Encyclopedia, is a


moral,


political,


and


social


philosophy,


emphasizing


individual


liberty,


the


primary


importance


of


the


individual


and


the


“Perso


nal


Independence.


Individualism


is


the


core of the American culture. It focuses on the satisfaction of one?s own desire and


interests


through


self-reliance.


The


word


individualism


was


first


promoted


by


the


French political


reviewer Alexis


de Tocqueville


in


his


classical


book


Democracy


in


America published in 1835.


As expounded in Tocqueville?s book Democracy in America, Individualism has


three meanings: Firstly, Individualism, as an aim of values, emphasizes on oneself is


the


aim


of


one?s


words


and


behaviors.



s


elf”


has


the


most


important


value


and


the


society


is


only


the


method


to


realize


“self”.



Secondly,


as


a


thought


of


political


democracy, individualism opposes any intervention from authority, nation, collective


or individuals. It put high value on the s


logan of “free government” which leads to the


spread


of


anarchism.


Thirdly,


as


a


thought


of


economy


and


possession


system,


individualism advocates sustaining private system of possessions.




In


American?s


social


values,


Equal


opportunity


and


personal


freed


om


are


the


basic foundation for every member of the society to achieve their self- fulfillment. And



- 10 -


Undergraduate Thesis of Faculty of Foreign Studies Yangtze University College of Arts and Science


liberty


and


equality


have


the


tightest


link


with


Individualism,


so


Individualism


is


viewed


as


the


basic


social


value


for


American


people.


In


Habits


of


the


Heart


the


author Robert Bellah, Richard Madsen pointed out that Individualism was the core of


American value. Americans believed in personal dignity and the sacred rights which


were inviolable.



The


value


system


of


individualism


is


mainly


seen


in


the


following


fields:


individual is the center and core of all values; society is the means to the realization of


personal goals in which individual is the only purpose; morally speaking, all men are


created equal and each person is entitled to free choice of life style. Since the birth of


individualism, it has been influencing American society and has penetrated into every


aspects of American life.


Individualists considered that the function of a nation was to supply service for


individual development. The aim of the activities of human beings was self-interests


even


sometimes


this


self-centered


system


developed


into


egoism.


Individualists


advocated


that


one


should


live


by


his


or


her


own


lifestyle


and


it


is


one?s


personal


rights


to


live


without


the


correspondence


to


the


conformity.


There


are


obviously


different explanations in the Catholic Encyclopedia: Individualism is not the opposite


of socialism, except in a very general and incomplete way. Individualism is scarcely a


principle for it exhibits too many degrees, and it is too general to be called a theory or


a


doctrine.


It


means


that


the


individual


conscience


or


the


individual


reason


is


not


merely


the


decisive


subjective


rule;


rather


it


has


no


objective


authority


or


standard


which is bound to take into account.



In


American


society,


different


people


have


different


understanding


of


Individualism.


Most


American


believed


that


it


is


self-reliance,


self- improvement,


self-expression,


the


forces


to


personal


success


and


social


development.


Benjamin


Franklin


was


the


successful


representative


of


Individualism


in


the


early


American


history. Benjamin Franklin who was born very poor, gained his success through his


hard working which was considered the only way to wealth at that time.


Americans have prized success through individual efforts. The heroes they have


shaped,


whether


it


is


the


white


settlers


expanding


westward


or


American


soldiers



- 11 -


Undergraduate Thesis of Faculty of Foreign Studies Yangtze University College of Arts and Science


fighting


overseas,


police


officers


or


firefighters,


generally


have


similar


traits:


individualism.


They


are


independent,


self-confidence


and


have


a


strong


will,


and


finally they achieve their goals and cherish their values. We can went back to the hero


Hiccup in


How to train your dragon


. Tough Hiccup was influenced by the traditional


tribe of the Vikings, when he met with Toothless, he didn


?


t comply with the old rules


to


kill


Toothless, but


followed his


own wishes to attempt to


get


on


with


Toothless.


Finally, he found his own unique way to get on well with Toothless, thus, achieved


his


own


wish


and


realized


his


goal.


In


this


movie,


individual


spirit


again


has


been


fully represented.


4.2 Democratic Spirit


To understand the democratic spirit of the American, we should have a brief talk


about


democracy.


According


to


one


definition,


democracy


is


a


political


system


in


which all the members of the society have an equal share of formal political power. In


modern representative democracy, this formal


equality is


embodied primarily in the


right


to


vote.


Democracy


is


a


non-violent


alternative


to


civil


war.


It


involves


the


casting of votes to determine the winner of the side to govern the country. It can also


encompass


social,


economic


and


cultural


conditions


that


enable


the


free


and


equal


practice of political self- determination.



Based on the concept of democracy, democratic spirit highlights America's sense


of


social


equality


and


mutual


respect.


Americans


are


anti-authorities,


they


neither


obey to absolute authority, nor surrender under the authority of the leaders. From the


colonial period, the pilgrims have put a strict supervision on their power. People have


the freedom to put judgments on their leaders, anyone would without exception even


those


who


are


the


president


enjoying


a


high


prestige


and


great


honor


such


as


Washington,


Jefferson,


Abraham


Lincoln,


Roosevelt


Americans


pay


attention


to


working


hard


not


empty


talk.


Early


pioneer


spirit


has


been


passing


down.


To


the


Americans


life


is


of


survival


and


development,


adapting


and


changing


the


environment, making it more suitable for their life. Americans believe that everyone


can be someone and filled with practical spirit. Americans are inclined to legal reform


not


violent


revolution.


In


hundreds


of


years


of


political


of


the


United


States,


when


divergences


or


branched


were


emerged,


that


would


tend


to


settle


them


down


by



- 12 -


Undergraduate Thesis of Faculty of Foreign Studies Yangtze University College of Arts and Science


negotiation or national discussion.



Democratic


spirit


is


a


spirit


of


pursuing


freedom


and


equality.


It


is


emphasis


greatly in America. Today heroes are free from excessive political and social controls,


and


they


have


an


equal


right


to


express


their


own


ideas


and


an


equal


chance


for


success.


In


the


film


called


Milk,


Harvey


Milk


was


the


first


gay


rights


activist


and


politician in American history. He once said, “Politics is not important, win or lose, as


long as you make an announcement, I'm in here, then they will receive attention.”


He


fought the right for gay people. So we can say American people have an equal chance


to control their destiny and cherish their own values. This movie delivers a democratic


spirit to us.



Of course, in the film


how to train your dragon


also show us this typical


American


spirit.


Hiccup


didn


?


t


unquestionablely


stick


on


the


stereotype


having


existed from many years, but made a breakthrough to form a newly idea from dragons.


On the other hand, the heroine Astrid also gave a fully respect and comprehension to


Hiccup


?


standpoint after knowing the partnership between Hiccup and Toothless.



4.3 American Dream and American Spirit


“I had reasoned this out in my mind, there was one of two things I ha


d a right too,


liberty or death. If I could not have one, I would have the other. American spirit has


an effect on how Americans live today. Someone who has pride and respect for our


country


and


feeling


in


their


heart


is


someone


with


American


spirit.


Someone


who


fight for their country, someone who is open minded, someone who goes out of their


way to dress up to show their pride and patriotism.”


The sentences above are quoted


from a speaker


?


s view about American spirit. I think it was a concise summarize to


American spirit. Indeed, in many films, we can see that different heroes campaigned


for freedom, or fight for evil, they were justice and upright men, and they never gave


up. Then let


?


s talk about American dream.



What


is


American


dream,


everyone


has


his


own


conception.


In


my


opinion,


America dream is a popular belief that hard work will bring forth America's bounty in


the form of material well-being. Whoever you are and wherever you were born, you


only


need


to


devote


yourself


to


course


or


business,


you


will


find


the


life?s


bounty.


There is a proverb in china, which is “do not ask hero where he comes from.” So, the


American


dream


tells


us


don?t


give


up


easily


and


do


your


best.


As


the


films


says:



- 13 -

-


-


-


-


-


-


-


-



本文更新与2021-02-08 22:39,由作者提供,不代表本网站立场,转载请注明出处:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao/617444.html

中美英雄对比 英语论文的相关文章