-
史上最全
新加坡
中英双语介绍
History
In 1819, Sir
Thomas Stamford Raffles, a British East India
Company official,
made a treaty with
the Sultan of Johore and established Singapore as
a trading post
and settlement.
Singapore was later made a crown colony in 1867
after a series of
territorial
expansions. It soon grew as an entrepot town d ue
to its strategic location
along the
busy shipping routes connecting Europe to
China.
During World War II,
Japanese forces invaded Malaya and the surrounding
region
in the Battle of Malaya,
culminating in the Battle of Singapore. The
British were
defeated despite having
numerical superiority, surrendering on 15 February
1942 to
the Japanese. The Japanese
renamed Singapore as Syonan-to (
and
held it until the Japanese defeat in September
1945. In 1959, Singapore became a
self-
governing crown colony with Lee Kuan Yew from the
People
(PAP) as the first Prime Minister
of Singapore following the 1959 elections. After a
national referendum in 1962, Singapore
was admitted into the Federation of Malaysia
along with Malaya, Sabah and Sarawak as
a state with autonomous powers in
September 1963. After heated
ideological conflict developed between the state
government and the Federal government
in Kuala Lumpur, Singapore was separated
form the federation on 7 August 1965.
It became an independent nation two days later
on 9 August 1965.
历史
1819
年，托马斯
?
史丹福
?
莱佛士
(Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles)
，一名英
国东印度公司的官员，和柔佛苏丹签定一项条约，将新加坡作为一个贸易局和
殖民点。之后新加坡经历了一系列的领土扩张并在
1867
年成为皇室殖民地。由
于其连接欧洲和中国航运路线的战略地位，它很快发展成
为一个贸易中心。
在第二次世界大战期间，日本在马来亚的战争中用武力侵犯了
马来半岛和周
围的地区，这一战争在新加坡战役达到顶点。尽管数量上占优势，英国人仍
被
击败并在
1942
年
2
月
15
日向日本人投降。日
本人将新加坡改名为
Syonan-
to(
“南方的光”
)
，掌管它直到
19
45
年
9
月日本人投降。
1959
年，新加坡成为
自治皇室殖民地，
1959
年人民行动党（
PAP
）推选李光耀为第一任首相。
1962
年国家全民投票
之后，新加坡在
1963
年
9
月被允许作为自治主权国同马来亚，
沙巴和沙捞越一起进入马来西亚联邦
。由于在吉隆坡问题上国家政府和联邦政
府之间意识形态冲突的热化，新加坡在
1965
年
8
月
7
日脱离联邦。在两天之后
的
1965
年
8
月
9
日它宣布独立。
Geography
Singapore is located in southeastern
Asia, an island country between Malaysia
and Indonesia. Singapore is a diamond-
shaped island with surrounding smaller
islands. There are two connections from
Singapore to the Malaysian state of Johor - a
man-made causeway(known as the
Causeway) to the north, crossing the Tebrau
Straits, and Tuas Second Link (called
Linkedua Expressway in Malaysia), a bridge in
the western part of Singapore that
connects to Johor
Of
Singapore
and Sentosa are the larger
ones. The highest point of Singapore is Bukit
Timah Hill,
with a height of 164 m (538
feet).
地理
新加坡位于亚洲东南部，是马来西亚和印度尼西亚之间的一个
岛国。新加
坡是若干小岛包围的菱形岛屿。从新加坡到柔佛
(J
ohor)
的马来西亚有两条途
径，一个是人造的堤道
(
称为
Causeway)
―
横越
Tebrau
海峡，和大士
(Tuas)
第二
< br>个联系
(
在马来西亚叫做连接的高速公路
Linkedua Expressway )
，连接新加坡西
部和柔佛
(Johor)
的一座桥梁。
在新加坡的数十个小岛中，谷朗岛
(Jurong)
，德光岛（
Tekong)
，乌敏岛
(Ubin)
和圣淘沙岛
(Sentosa)
是较大的岛屿。
新加坡的最高点是武吉知马山
(Bukit
Timah Hill)
，高度为
16
4
米。
( 538
英尺
)
。
Political System
Singapore is a republic
with a Westminster system of a unicameral
parliamentary
government, with the
executive powers resting in the hands of cabinet
of ministers led
by a prime minister.
The office of the president was, historically, a
ceremonial one as
head of state, but
the Constitution was amended in 1991 to create the
position of a
popularly elected
president and also to grant the president veto
powers in a few key
decisions such as
the use of the national reserves and the
appointment of key judiciary
positions.
The legislative branch of government is the
Parliament.
政治体系
新加坡是一院制，威斯敏斯特体系共和国，行政权由首相领导的部长内阁掌
管。
总统，历史上是国家形式上的领导，但是在
1
991
年修正宪法，由民众选
举总统，并且授予总统在使用国家
储备和任命重要司法人员等一些关键决定中
拥有否决权。
政府的立法机构是议会。
Education System
Compulsory
Education (CE) was implemented in Singapore from 1
January
2003. According to the CE Act,
a child of
above the age of 6 years and
who has not yet attained the age of 15 years. The
education system consists of 6-years of
primary education, 4 - 5 years of secondary
education, followed by 2 - 3 years of
pre-university education, and then the tertiary
education.
A
growing number of children are attending pre-
nursery or playschool education
before
the age of 4, though this is optional. Many
children in Singapore also attend
Nursery for 1 year at the age of 4,
though this is also optional. By the age of 5,
most
children will be attending
Kindergarten for 2 years (K1 and K2).
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