货车主减速器外文文献翻译、中英文翻译、外文翻译

< br>增加了主动锥齿轮的齿数使其支承轴颈的尺寸适当加大，以改善其支承刚度，提

高 齿轮间啮合的平稳性和工作可靠性。

现代齿轮设计中，齿轮润滑油的选择是至关重要的。汽车运行在高速公路上，

车 桥油温可以最终上升到很高的温度，有时润滑油的油温甚至会高于

130

℃

，所

以在设计中保持车桥 外壳的通风良好也是很重要的。这种良好的通风性可以通过

两个轴承携带的小齿轮来达到 改善的目的。因此，齿轮的形状和齿轮尺寸之间的

间隙，套管等的设计可能都是至关重要 的，在减速器设计时，需要有足够的排水

能力，水冷却的水道，油冷的油道设计都至关重 要。在设计中必须提供的润滑油

的流向，油液通过渠道流入小齿轮轴承座，再回到套管。

在齿轮的轴承选择中，圆锥 滚子轴承普遍应用在齿轮的设计中。因为圆锥滚

子轴承他们有较大的承载能力，具有较为 良好的通过稳定性、和较为准确的定位。

法兰密封的齿轮对于抗高温和相对较高的速度是 至关重要的。

在齿轮设计中 锥齿轮齿面过宽并不能增大齿轮的强度和寿命，反而会导致因

锥齿轮轮齿小端齿沟变窄引 起的切削刀头的情况，与此同时齿面过宽还会导致切

削刀头顶面宽过窄及刀尖圆角过小。 这样，不但减小了齿根圆半径，加大了应力

集中，从而还降低了刀具的使用寿命。此外， 在安装时由于安装位置偏差或着由

于制造、热处理变形等原因的存在，各种加工制造误差 也有可能累积，导致加工

误差大，使齿轮工作时载荷集中于轮齿小端，会引起轮齿小端由 于应力集中，磨

损严重等情况，使其过早损坏和疲劳损伤。另外，齿面过宽也会引起装配 空间的

减小。但是也不是说齿面越小越好，齿面若是过窄，轮齿表面的耐磨性会降低，< /p>

从而使齿轮的耐磨性下降，强度不足等情况的，从而影响减速器的正常工作。

为改善新齿轮的磨合能力，防止其在运行 初期出现早期的磨损、擦伤、胶合

或咬死等情况，锥齿轮设计时在选择加工处理时应特别 注意，在热处理及精加工

后，要作厚度为

0.005

0.020mm

的磷化处理或镀铜、镀锡处理。 对减速器锥齿面

进行应力喷丸处理，这种处理方式可提高齿轮

2 5

％的使用寿命。对于在运行过程

中滑动速度高的齿轮，可进行 渗硫处理以提高耐磨性。渗硫后齿轮间的摩擦因数

可显著降低，即使齿轮的润滑条件变得 较差，也能防止齿面擦伤、咬死和胶合的

情况。

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Truck Main Reduction Gear

In

the

highly

competitive

period

following

the

energy

crisis

of

the

early

1970's,

the

automotive

industry

had

to

shift

attention

increasingly

towards

improvement

of

the

quality

of

the

product,

yet

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7

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第

4

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still

keeping

its

prices

as

low

as

possible.

Prior

to

that

GKN

Axles

Ltd,

to

take

optimum

advantage

of

economies

of

scale,

had

been

producing

at

highly

competitive

prices

a

standard

range

of

axles

of

different

types

and

sizes,

from

which

all

customers'

needs

could

be

satisfied. Because vehicle manufacturers had not hitherto had to place

such a great emphasis on fuel economy, and therefore on light weight,

these standard axles could cater reliably for all conditions likely to be

met

in

a

wide

variety

of

applications.

Now

vehicle

manufacturers

require

axles

designed

and

developed

for

their

specific

applications.

As

axle

design

is

becoming

increasingly

specialised,

customers

are

increasingly

raising

their

aspirations

in

terms

of

performance

an

reliability. For this reason, they are turning to specialists such as GKN

Axles Ltd who have the ability to provide axles for a wide variety of

vehicles

。

Since

the

1970s,

however,

in

common

with

virtually

all

other

suppliers

to

the

high

volume

producers

in

the

motor

industry,

GKN

has radically modified its approach to suit the prevailing conditions as

they change through the 1980s and on into the 1990s. Its aim now is at

supplying

complete

axle

assembles,

including,

for

example,

the

brakes, all designed and fully developed for and integrated, as a matter

of course, into specific vehicle designs including, in particular, those

for the specialist market.

Emphasis

is

now

on

rationalization

of

materials,

methods

and

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第

5

页

components.

This

overall

change

has

been

necessary

because

of

the

greatly in creased sophistication demanded of the modern vehicle, in

terms

of

overall

efficiency,

compactness,

light

weight,

reliability,

durability,

refinement

and

maintenance-free

operation.

Another

area

into which GKN Axles has expanded is the supply of components and

assemblies

such

as

limited-slip

differentials,

ball-joints,

transfer

boxes, gears and some types of suspension.

For

off-road

operation,

the

duty

cycles

may

be

entirely

different

in

both

torsional

and

beam

loading-denpending

on

the

application. For example, some types of vehicle spend a considerable

proportion of their running time

at high torque in low gear. In

most

circumstances, the terrain may be such that the tyres tend to slip more

readily than on tarmac; in others, however, for example in fairly firm

sandy

screes,

it

may

allow

tyres

to

bite

into

it,

and

thus

lead

to

torsional

fatigue

loading

significantly

greater

than

on

smooth

roads.

Vertical

and

lateral

loading,

too,

may

be

much

more

severe,

though

this dose depend to a major extent on speeds. Shock loading can also

affect braking and acceleration torques though, again, such effects are

speed-dependent.

Host reduction gear effect is to be used to reduce the rotation rate

that the transmission shaft sends in but to enhance revolution moment

of torsion , changes drive direction with moment of torsion , passes on

to half axes after differential mechanism and. The host reduction gear

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