2019-2020学年杨浦区高考英语一模

杨浦区

2019

学年第一学期高三模拟质量调研

英语学科试卷

2019.12

Ⅱ

. Grammar and Vocabulary

Section A

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and

grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of

the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Killer Rabbits

You’d

never

think

of

rabbits

as

dreadful,

destructive

creatures,

would

you?

Rabbits

are

cute and love-able. However, Australians discovered (21) ________ harm these cute creatures can

do the hard way.

Rabbits were introduced to Australia in 1788 as food animals. By 1827, they were running

around large estates, and in 1859, disaster struck. A man released 12 wild rabbits onto his property

for

hunting

and

he

(22)

________

have

thought

that

was

harmless

fun.

But

Australia

has

no

predators

（

捕食者）

(23) ________ (adapt) to killing rabbits and none of the diseases that kept their

populations (24) ________ control in Europe. The loose rabbits bred like, well, rabbits, and began

to take over the countryside. Within a few decades, there were millions. By 1950, there were 600

million rabbits in Australia.

Six hundred million hungry rabbits could do real harm. They caused more damage than

any other species introduced to the continent. They ate native plant species (25) ________ they

disappeared. They competed for food and shelter with native animals. they caused the extinction

or endangerment of numerous plant and animal species. And they were a nightmare for cattle and

sheep farmers, (26)________ animals couldn't get enough grass to eat and starved.

The

rabbits

did

some

good,

of

course.

They

provided

food

for

poor

families.

They

supported fur industries. But their impact on the environment and major livestock economy was

too

negative

(27)________(ignore).

People

tried

trapping

them.

They

even

built

a

huge

wall

against them. But (28)________(effective) weapon was a virus.

(29)

________(test)

multiple

times,

the

deadly

myxoma

virus

was

released

on

Australia's

rabbits

in

1950.

The

virus

had

been

developed

very

carefully

to

affect

only

rabbits.

Nearly 100 percent of the rabbits who caught the disease (30) ________(die).Populations fell. It

was

a

huge

success.

Cattle

and

sheep

farming

recovered

gradually,

and

threatened

plants

were

better protected. Eventually, rabbits became resistant to the virus.

Section B

Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used

only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

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11

A. string

B. contained

C. representing

D. detailing

E. scientific

F. currents

G. recovered

H. encountered

I. estimated

J. instructions

K. decoration

Bottle Found at Sea Used for Scientific Purpose

Combing the beach for shells, sea glass, or colorful rocks is a leisure activity enjoyed by

many. Some even use metal detectors to find buried treasure or other objects. Only the lucky few

have ___31___ a message in a bottle that was dropped off by the tide. The tradition of putting a

letter to an unknown recipient into a bottle and throwing it into the ocean has an interesting past.

An early ___32___ use for the practice was revealed when the oldest recorded message in a bottle

was found by Tonya on a beach near Wedge Island, Australia.

Tonya was on a family outing when she noticed the antique glass bottle

in the sand and

thought it would make a nice ___33___. While she was cleaning the sandy gin bottle, a rolled up

paper tied with a ___34___ fell out. The damp page was a message written in German and dated

June 12, 1886. According to official documents from the German sailing vessels, Paula, a crew

member

tossed

the

bottle

overboard

a(n)

___35___

950

km

off

the

coast

of

Western

Australia.

Further research authenticated(

验证）

the letter, which had been sent afloat 132 years ago and is the

oldest message in a bottle ever ___36___.

Historians confirm that thousands of similar bottles were cast overboard by German ships

between 1864 and 1933. And ___37___ inside were official documents written by the captain of

the

ship,

___38__

routes,

coordinates,

and

other

information.

These

early

messages

in

a

bottle

were an attempt by the German Naval Observatory to map ocean___39___ around the world.

On the back of the notes were __40__ to write the time and place the bottles were found

and return them to the German Naval Observatory in Hamburg or the nearest German authorities.

Using this information for reference was an early system of studying patterns in nature and the

vast ocean in particular.

III.

Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,

C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

A star athlete stopped by my office and she was eaten up by self-criticism after committing

a

few

errors

during

a

weeken

d

match.

“I’m

at

peak

_

__41___

and

I

practise

hard.

How

is

this

happening?”

This

student,

like

many

I

teach,

believes

she

should

be

able

to

___42___

the

outcomes of her life by virtue of her hard work.

I

study

and

write

about

resilience

(

复原力

)

,

and

I’m

noti

cing

a(n)___43___

increase

in

students like this athlete. When they win, they feel powerful and smart. When they fall short of

what they imagine they should ___44___, however, they are crushed by self-blame.

We

talk

often

about

young

adults

struggling

with

failure

because

their

parents

have

protected them from ___45___. But there is something else at play among the most advantaged in

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particular: a ___46___ promise that they can achieve anything if they are willing to work for it.

Psychologists have sourced

this phenomenon to a misapplication of “mind

-

set”

research,

which

has

found

that

praising

children

for

___47___

will

increase

academic

performance.

Developed

by

Stanford

psychologist

Carol

Dweck,

mind-set

education

has

spread

across

classrooms worldwide. But a 2018 analysis found that while praising hard work over ability may

benefit economically disadvantaged students, it does not ___48___ help everyone.

One

possible

explanation

comes

from

Nina

Kumar,

who

argued

in

a

research

paper

last

year that for teens in wealthy, pressure-

cooker communities, “It is not a

___49___ of motivation

and perseverance that is the big problem. ___50___, it is unhealthy perfectionism and difficulty

with backing off when they should, when the fierce drive

for achievements is over the top.” This

can

___51___

physical

and

emotional

stress.

In

a

2007

study,

psychologists

Gregory

Miller

determined

that

adolescent

girls

who

refused

to

give

up

the

___52___

goals

showed

elevated

levels of CRP, a protein that serves as a marker of systemic inflammation (

炎症

) linked to diabetes,

heart disease and other medical conditions.

The cruel reality is that you can do everything in your power and still fail. This knowledge

comes

early

to

underrepresented

minorities

whose

experience

of

discrimination

(

歧视

)

and

inequality teaches them to ___53___ what is, for now, largely beyond their control to change. Yet

for others, the belief that success is always within their grasp is a setup. Instead of allowing our

kids to beat themselves up when

things don’t go their way

，

we should all question a culture that

has taught them that how they perform for others is more important than what ___54___ inspires

them and that where they go to college matters more than the kind of person they are. We should

be wise to remind our kids that life has a way of disappointing us when we least ___55___ it. It

’

s

often the people who learn to say

“

stuff happens

”

who get up the fastest.

41. A. coolness

42. A. control

43. A. amusing

44. A. apply

45. A. disbelief

46. A. bright

47. A. virtue

48. A. originally

49. A. choice

50. A. instead

51. A. result from

52. A. Immoral

53. A. challenge

54. A. plainly

55. A. exhibit

B. fitness

C. goodness

B. change

C. adjust

B. inspiring

C. troubling

B. approve

C. appreciate

B. disagreement

C. discovery

B. false

C. general

B. ability

B. obviously

B. command

B. Otherwise

B. apply for

B. impersonal

B. accept

B. probably

B. expect

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D. readiness

D. celebrate

D. touching

D. accomplish

D. discomfort

D. flexible

D. status

D. regularly

D. lack

D. However

D. lead to

D. impolite

D.

inquire

D.

actually

D.

recognize

C. effort

C. necessarily

C. display

C. Therefore

C. associate with

C. impossible

C. assess

C. immediately

C. establish

Section B

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or

unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the

one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

(A)

David Miles, an Australian inventor has been accused of cheating desperate farmers by

charging

up

to

$$50,000

Australian

dollars

for

delivering

rain

on

demand

without

so

much

as

explaining the technology behind his business.

On the official Miles Research website

，

Miles explains that in the 1990’s he

realized that

it

was

possible

to

influence

weather

patterns

by

creating

a

bridge

between

‘the

present’

and

a

‘near

-future

event

’

in

the

physical

space

-time

continuum.

He

found

that

by

applying

small

amounts of energy intelligently, even a large, messy weather system approaching from the future

could be eased.

While somewhat fascinating, Miles’ explanation does little to explain how he is able to

bring rainfall to the lands of farmers. He makes references to famous but debatable concepts like

“the butterfly effect”. “We were advised against patenting because ifs basically exposing how it

works.

There

are

a

lot

of

big

companies

that

invest

in

hunting

out

patents

,”

Miles

said

“I

understand the doubts

，

the only other way is to fully prove up our science and physics. If we did

that, we'll lose it, it will be taken up as a national security interest and it’ll then be weaponized.”

Miles' claims raised suspicions for obvious reasons, including a since-deleted section of

his company website, which claimed that his technology used “electromagnetic scalar waves”

，

which scientists say don’t even exist.

The

Australian

Competition

and

Consumer

Commission

(ACCC)

has

warned

people

against doing business with him, but the Australian inventor claims the ACCC is only trying to

defame him and his company, as in reality they are success based -

if it doesn’t rain, they don’t get

paid.

“Consumers signed the agreement that if by the end

of June they receive 100mm, they

pay $$50,000, if they only receive 50mm, they would only pay $$25,000. Anything under half

，

we

don’t want to be paid,” Miles said of a handf

ul of Wimmera farmers who agreed to take him up on

his offer to deliver rain.

Believe

it

or

not,

one

of

the

farmers

who

paid

David

Miles

for

his

so-called

rain-making capabilities told ABC Radio that he was quite happy with the results.

56.

David Miles claims to be capable of ________.

A.

influencing the weather system

B.

predicting the future events

C.

reducing the atmospheric temperature

D.

easing the gravitational energy

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57.

ACCC issued warning against doing business with Miles because________.

A.

he charged too much for the services provided

B.

there was no solid science to hack up his technology

C.

his practice was a threat to national security interest

D.

he didn

’t

officially patent his technology with ACCC

58.

According to Miles

，

how much will be paid if the farmers receive 15mm of rain?

A.

$$50,000.

B. $$25,000.

C. $$12,500.

D. $$0.

59.

What can be inferred from the passage?

A.

Miles needed safer facilities for his business.

B.

Miles brought about good crops as expected.

C.

Miles wasn’t discouraged by the critics.

D.

Miles was arrested by the local police.

(B)

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