2020上海杨浦高三英语一模试卷说课讲解

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杨

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试

卷

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杨浦区

2019

学年第一学期高三模拟质量调研

英语学科试卷

2019.12

Ⅱ

. Grammar and Vocabulary

Section A

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage

coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each

blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that

best fits each blank.

Killer Rabbits

You’d never think of rabbits as dreadful, destructive creatures, would you?

Rabbits are cute and love-able. However, Australians discovered (21) ________ harm

these cute creatures can do the hard way.

Rabbits were introduced to Australia in 1788 as food animals. By 1827, they were

running around large estates, and in 1859, disaster struck. A man released 12 wild

rabbits onto his property for hunting and he (22) ________ have thought that was

harmless fun. But Australia has no predators

（捕食者）

(23) ________ (adapt) to

killing rabbits and none of the diseases that kept their populations (24) ________

control in Europe. The loose rabbits bred like, well, rabbits, and began to take over

the countryside. Within a few decades, there were millions. By 1950, there were 600

million rabbits in Australia.

Six hundred million hungry rabbits could do real harm. They caused more

damage than any other species introduced to the continent. They ate native plant

species (25) ________ they disappeared. They competed for food and shelter with

native animals. they caused the extinction or endangerment of numerous plant and

animal species. And they were a nightmare for cattle and sheep farmers,

(26)________ animals couldn't get enough grass to eat and starved.

The rabbits did some good, of course. They provided food for poor families.

They supported fur industries. But their impact on the environment and major

livestock economy was too negative (27)________(ignore). People tried trapping

them. They even built a huge wall against them. But (28)________(effective) weapon

was a virus.

(29)

________(test) multiple times, the deadly myxoma virus was released

on Australia's rabbits in 1950. The virus had been developed very carefully to affect

only rabbits. Nearly 100 percent of the rabbits who caught the disease (30)

________(die).Populations fell. It was a huge success. Cattle and sheep farming

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recovered gradually, and threatened plants were better protected. Eventually, rabbits

became resistant to the virus.

Section B

Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can

be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. string B. contained C. representing D. detailing E. scientific F. currents

G. recovered H. encountered I. estimated J. instructions K. decoration

Bottle Found at Sea Used for Scientific Purpose

Combing the beach for shells, sea glass, or colorful rocks is a leisure activity

enjoyed by many. Some even use metal detectors to find buried treasure or other

objects. Only the lucky few have ___31___ a message in a bottle that was dropped off

by the tide. The tradition of putting a letter to an unknown recipient into a bottle and

throwing it into the ocean has an interesting past. An early ___32___ use for the

practice was revealed when the oldest recorded message in a bottle was found by

Tonya on a beach near Wedge Island, Australia.

Tonya was on a family outing when she noticed the antique glass bottle in the

sand and thought it would make a nice

___33___. While she was cleaning the

sandy gin bottle, a rolled up paper tied with a ___34___ fell out. The damp page was

a message written in German and dated June 12, 1886. According to official

documents from the German sailing vessels, Paula, a crew member tossed the bottle

overboard a(n) ___35___ 950 km off the coast of Western Australia. Further research

authenticated(

验证）

the letter, which had been sent afloat 132 years ago and is the

oldest message in a bottle ever ___36___.

Historians confirm that thousands of similar bottles were cast overboard by

German ships between 1864 and 1933. And

___37___ inside were official documents

written by the captain of the ship, ___38__ routes, coordinates, and other information.

These early messages in a bottle were an attempt by the German Naval Observatory to

map ocean

___39___ around the world.

On the back of the notes were __40__ to write the time and place the bottles

were found and return them to the German Naval Observatory in Hamburg or the

nearest German authorities. Using this information for reference was an early system

of studying patterns in nature and the vast ocean in particular.

III.

Reading Comprehension

Section A

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Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases

marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the

context.

A star athlete stopped by my office and she was eaten up by self-criticism after

committing a few errors during a weekend match. “I’m at peak _

__41___ and I

practise hard. How is this happening?” This student, like many I teach, believes she

should be able to ___42___ the outcomes of her life by virtue of her hard work.

I study and write about resilience (

复原力

),

and I’m noticing a(n)

___43___

increase in students like this athlete. When they win, they feel powerful and smart.

When they fall short of what they imagine they should ___44___, however, they are

crushed by self- blame.

We talk often about young adults struggling with failure because their parents

have protected them from ___45___. But there is something else at play among the

most advantaged in particular: a ___46___ promise that they can achieve anything if

they are willing to work for it.

Psychologists have sourced this phenomenon to a misapplication of “mind

-

set”

research, which has found that praising children for ___47___ will increase

academic performance. Developed by Stanford psychologist Carol Dweck, mind-set

education has spread across classrooms worldwide. But a 2018 analysis found that

while praising hard work over ability may benefit economically disadvantaged

students, it does not ___48___ help everyone.

One possible explanation comes from Nina Kumar, who argued in a research

paper last year that for teens in wealthy, pressure-

cooker communities, “It is not a

___49___ of motivation and perseverance that is the big problem. ___50___, it is

unhealthy perfectionism and difficulty with backing off when they should, when the

fierce drive

for achievements is over the top.” This can

___51___ physical and

emotional stress. In a 2007 study, psychologists Gregory Miller determined that

adolescent girls who refused to give up the ___52___ goals showed elevated levels of

CRP, a protein that serves as a marker of systemic inflammation (

炎症

) linked to

diabetes, heart disease and other medical conditions.

The cruel reality is that you can do everything in your power and still fail. This

knowledge comes early to underrepresented minorities whose experience of

discrimination (

歧视

) and inequality teaches them to ___53___ what is, for now,

largely beyond their control to change. Yet for others, the belief that success is always

within their grasp is a setup. Instead of allowing our kids to beat themselves up when

things don’t go their way

，

we should all question a culture that has taught them that

how they perform for others is more important than what ___54___ inspires them and

that where they go to college matters more than the kind of person they are. We

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should be wise to remind our kids that life has a way of disappointing us when we

least ___55___ it. It

’

s often the people who learn to say

“

stuff happens

”

who get up

the fastest.

41. A. coolness

B. fitness

C. goodness

D. readiness

42. A. control

B. change

C. adjust

D. celebrate

43. A. amusing

B. inspiring

C. troubling

D. touching

44. A. apply

B. approve

C. appreciate

D. accomplish

45. A. disbelief

B. disagreement C. discovery

D. discomfort

46. A. bright

B. false C. general

D. flexible

47. A. virtue

B. ability

C. effort

D. status

48. A. originally

B. obviously

C. necessarily

D. regularly

49. A. choice

50. A. instead

51. A. result from

52. A. Immoral

53. A. challenge

54. A. plainly

55. A. exhibit

Section B

B. command

B. Otherwise

B. apply for

B. impersonal

B. accept

B. probably

B. expect

C. display

D. lack

C. Therefore

D. However

C. associate with

D. lead to

C. impossible

C. assess

C. immediately

C. establish

D. impolite

D.

inquire

D.

actually

D.

recognize

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several

questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,

B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the

passage you have just read.

(A)

David Miles, an Australian inventor has been accused of cheating desperate

farmers by charging up to $$50,000 Australian dollars for delivering rain on demand

without so much as explaining the technology behind his business.

On the official Miles Research website

，

Miles explains that in the 1990’s

he realized that it was possible to influence weather patterns by creating a bridge

between ‘the present’ and a ‘near

-future event

’ in the physical space

-time continuum.

He found that by applying small amounts of energy intelligently, even a large, messy

weather system approaching from the future could be eased.

While somewhat fascinating, Miles’ explanation does little to explain how

he is able to bring rainfall to the lands of farmers. He makes references to famous but

debatable concepts like “the butterfly effect”. “We were advised against patenting

because ifs basically exposing how it works. There are a lot of big companies that

invest in hunting out patents,” Miles said “I understand

the doubts

，

the only other

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way is to fully prove up our science and physics. If we did that, we'll lose it, it will be

taken up as a national security interest and it’ll then be weaponized.”

Miles' claims raised suspicions for obvious reasons, including a since-

deleted section of his company website, which claimed that his technology used

“electromagnetic scalar waves”

，

which scientists say don’t even exist.

The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) has

warned people against doing business with him, but the Australian inventor claims the

ACCC is only trying to defame him and his company, as in reality they are success

based -

if it doesn’t rain, they don’t get paid.

“Consumers signed the agreement that if by the end of June they receive

100mm, they pay $$50,000, if they only receive 50mm, they would only pay $$25,000.

Anything under half

，

we don’t want to be paid,” Miles said of a handf

ul of Wimmera

farmers who agreed to take him up on his offer to deliver rain.

Believe it or not, one of the farmers who paid David Miles for his so-

called rain-making capabilities told ABC Radio that he was quite happy with the

results.

56.

David Miles claims to be capable of ________.

A.

influencing the weather system

B.

predicting the future events

C.

reducing the atmospheric temperature

D.

57.

A.

B.

C.

D.

58.

rain?

A.

59.

A.

B.

C.

D.

easing the gravitational energy

ACCC issued warning against doing business with Miles because________.

he charged too much for the services provided

there was no solid science to hack up his technology

his practice was a threat to national security interest

he didn

’t

officially patent his technology with ACCC

According to Miles

，

how much will be paid if the farmers receive 15mm of

$$50,000.

B. $$25,000.

C. $$12,500. D. $$0.

What can be inferred from the passage?

Miles needed safer facilities for his business.

Miles brought about good crops as expected.

Miles wasn’t discouraged by the critics.

Miles was arrested by the local police.

(B)

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