-
本
科
生
毕
业
论
文
学
院
外国语学院
专
业
英语
届
别
2015
题
目
从《野性的呼唤》中看“适者生存”
学生姓名
余杨兵
学
号
2
指导教师
孙常亮
教
务
处
制
An Analysis of Survival of
the Fittest in The Call of the Wild
A
THESIS
SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF
FOREIGN LANGUAGES
(ENGLISH MAJOR)
YUNNAN MINZU UNIVERSITY
IN
PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE DEGREE OF
BACHELOR
OF ARTS
BY
YU
YANGBING
Class of 2011
STUDENT CODE: 2
SUPERVISED
BY
SUN CHANGLIANG
December
23, 2014
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i
Acknowledgements
I would like to express my gratitude to
all those who helped me during the writing of
this thesis. A special acknowledgement
should be given to my supervisor Mr. Sun, who gave
me encouragement and useful
instructions all through my writing process.
Finally I wish to
extend my thanks to
Mr. Yan, who supplied me with reference materials
of great value. Last
but not the least,
I’d like to thank those leaders, teachers and
working staff especially those in
the
School
of
Foreign
Languages.
Without
their
help,
it
would
be
much
harder
for
me
to
finish my study and this
paper.
ii
Abstract
The
Call
of
the
Wild
is
one
of
the
most
famous
novels
of
Jack
London,
which consolidates
his status in American literature. It was a sunny
and civilized
place in which Buck
originally lived. And with the emergence of the
gold rush in
arctic regions and created
a great demand of sled dogs. So buck was abducted
to
arctic
region.
However,
Buck
adjusted
himself
very
quickly
to
the
hostile
environment
with
his
sharp
intellect
and
superb
physical
qualities.
Buck
developed a deep friendship with his
master Thornton. Afterwards, Thornton was
killed by Yeehats and Buck eventually
killed the natives to avenge Thornton, and
he then followed the wolf into the
forest and answered the call of the wild. .Buck
returned
to
the
wild
and
beca
me
a
leader
of
wolves.
It’s
not
difficult
for
us
to
perceive
that
the
author
was
stressing
the
ideology
of
survival
of
the
fittest
through Buck’s
experience in novel. The
analysis of
the character
Buck
is
of
a
great enlightening
significance to us.
Key
words
:
Buck; the call of the
wild; survival of the fittest; change
iii
摘
要
《野性的呼唤》是美国作家杰克伦敦最著名的小说之一，它使
得杰克伦
敦确立了在美国文坛的地位。巴克原本生活在文明且暖和的南方，由于寒冷
的北极地区的淘金者对雪橇狗的需求增大，因此巴克被人拐卖到了环境极其
< br>恶劣的北极地区，然而凭借自身出众的智慧和身体素质便很快地适应了严寒
的雪地
环境。巴克与后来的主人桑顿建立起了彼此深厚的友谊，但恩主的遇
害彻底打碎了巴克对
于人类社会的留恋，从而促使巴克坚定决心，毅然走向
荒野，回归自然，成为了狼群的首
领。在整篇小说中，我们不难发现作者一
直都通过巴克的一举一动来渲染和烘托“适者生
存”这一主题。本文通过对
巴克这一形象进行解读对当代人有着较强的现实意义和启迪意
义。
关键词：
巴克；野性的呼唤；适者生存；改变
iv
Contents
Statement
of
Authorship
…………………………………
< br>.........................................i
< p>
Acknowledgement
s
……………………………………
.............
.................................ii
Abstract
………………………………
.................................................
.
iii
摘
要
…
.................
..................................................
...............
i
v
Ⅰ
.
In
troduction
.............................
.....................................
1
1.1 Introduction of Jack L
ondon
..................................
.................
1
1.2 Introduction of the Call of the Wil
d.
.....................................
........1
Ⅱ
.
Survival of the Fittest
Theory
................................
...........
2
Ⅲ
.
The change of
Buck
’
s fate
......
.........................................
3
3.1
Falling into a snare and leaving home
..
.........................................3
< br>
3.2 Going into the wild
.....
..................................................
....
3
3.3 Living in a desperate e
nvironment
.............................
.................
4
3.4 Working as
a sled dog
.............................
............................
5
Ⅳ
.
Acquiring the
survival skills in the new
environment
........................5
4.1 Learning the lesson
of primitive law
.......................
.....................
5
4.2 Becoming a
leader of the team
.....................
............................
6
4.3
Fighting in the wild
...................
........................................
6
Ⅴ
.
Returning
to the wild
............................
......................7
Ⅵ
. <
/p>
Conclusion
...................
........................................8
References
Ⅰ
. Introduction
1.1 Introduction of Jack London
Jack
London,
a
great
American
realistic
writer,
is
not
only
well-known
worldwide
master
of
novel
but
also
as
a
great
dramatist.
He
was
born
on
January
12,
1876
in
a
poor
family and
died on November 22, 1916. Besides, he came from
the bottom of the society and
once
worked as a writer, sailor and journalist.
Therefore, London got a rich experience during
his lifetime. To some extent, Jack
London was totally self-educated on account of the
poor
life. At the age of 10, he had to
go to work while going to school. Ever he was free
he would
devote all his spare time to
study. In London’s career, he had created a great
number of works
which including short
stories, novels, as well as a great many essays.
As one of the greatest
American
writers,
London’s
works
were
considered
as
classic
in
the
history
of
American
literature. The
readers can tell by his works that he depicted the
miserable lives of lower class
in
America and revealed the evil of the Capitalism.
1.2
Introduction of the Call
of the Wild
The
Call
of
the
Wild
is
one
of
the
most
famous
novels
by
Jack
London.
The
story
revolves around the time of the Gold
Rush prevalent in society, in which the author
depicts
the
dog’s
struggling
actions
most
incisively
and
vivid
ly.
The
novel
mainly
describes
the
process
of
leading
character
–
Buck
who
returns
from
the
civilized
human
society
to
the
primitive
life
of
the
wolves.
Buck
has
lived
in
a
safe
and
comfortable
environment
since
childhood, until he
was abducted to the primal
wilderness
as a sled dog. Buck lived in the
south
originally
，
a civilized and
warm place, with the emergence of the gold rush in
arctic
regions
which
created
a
great
demand of sled dog. So buck was
abducted to
arctic region.
However, Buck is an agile dog of wild
nature. He puts his best efforts into pulling sled
while
fighting
against
others
with
bravery
and
valor.
Buck
adjusted
himself
very
quickly
to
the
hostile environment with
his sharp intellect and superb physical qualities.
Afterwards, Buck
returned to the wild
and became a leader of wolves. Although the
central character is a dog in
the
story, it gives a vivid description of the life in
the primitive northern world where a gold
rush exploded and people all wanted to
make a fortune. Buck,used to be a pet of Judge
Miller,
was abducted and sold to North.
And in ensuing days he became one of a dog-sled
team to
1