-
it/one/that
的用法和区别
I
.
it
／
one
／
that
三者均可用作代词
,
指代前面提到的名词。
一般说来
,
it
指代同名同物
; one
与
that
则指代
同名异物
。
I have lost my umbrella;
I'm looking for
it
.
< br>（该句中
it
就是指前面的
my
umbrella
）
I have
lost my umbrella; I think I must buy
one
.
（
one
在该句中表泛指
,
因为
my
umbrella
已经丢了）
The
umbrella
you
bought
is
cheaper
than
that
I
bought.
（
替代词
that
在该句中特指
“
the
umbrella
I
bought
”
,
以区别“
the umbrella you
bought
”）
II
. one
与
that
虽可用来指代同名异物
,
但
one
为泛指
,
相当于
a
／
an
＋名词
;
that
为特指
,
相当于
the
＋名
< br>词。
所以
one
所指代的名词的
修饰语一般为
a
／
an
／
some
／
any;
that
所指代的名词的修饰语往往是
the
／
this
／
that
。
A chair made of steel is stronger than
one made of wood.
（该句中
one
可以换成
a
chair
）
The water
in the cup is hotter than that in the pot.
（该句中
that
可以换成
the water
）
III
.
one
只能代替
可数名词单数
,
代替可数名词
复数时用
ones
; that
既可以代替
不可数名词
也可以代替
可数名
词单数
,
代替可数名词
复数时用
those
。
I like
this pen more than
that
one.
（
one
代替可数名词单数
pen
）
There
were a few young people and some older ones in the
house.
（
ones
代替可数名
词复数
people
）
Mary's handwriting is far better than
that
of Peter.
（<
/p>
that
代替不可数名词
handwriting
）
These pictures are more beautiful than
those.
（
those
代替可数名词复数
pictures
）
IV
.
one
既可代替
事物
,
也可代替
人
, that
只能
代替事物
而不能代替人。有时可以用
the one
或
the ones
代替
that
或
those
。
The one
／
That on the table is mine.
（该句中
The
one
代替事物
,
并且也可以用
That
）
He
is the teacher, the one who is loved by the
students.
（该句中
the
one
代替人
,
不能用
that
）
He
advised the farmers to choose the best seed-heads,
the ones
／
those that had the
best color.
（该
句中
the
ones
代替事物
,
并且也可以用<
/p>
those
）
V
.
one
一般有
前置修饰语
,
有时也可有
后置修饰语
或不用修饰语。而
that
不能有前置修饰语
,
< br>但
可有后置修饰
语。
Cook was a strict but good
captain,
one
who took good
care of his sailors.
The water in the
well is cleaner than
that
in
the river.
VI
.
it
可以替代句中的不定式或从句等
,
充当形式主语或形式宾语。
one
与<
/p>
that
均无此用法。