英语六级2018年12月(第三套)真题及详细解析翻译

2018

年

12

月六级 真题（第三套）

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions:

For

this

part,

you

are

allowed

30

minutes

to

write

an

essay

on

how

to

balance academic study and extracurricular activities. You should write at least 150

words but no more than 200 words.

Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each

conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions

will

be

spoken

only

once.

After

you

hear

a

question,

you

must

choose

the

best

answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding

letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

1. A) Stop worrying about him.

B) Keep away from the statue.

C) Take a picture of him.

D) Pat on a smile for the photo.

2. A) Gaining great fame on the Internet.

B) Publishing a collection of his photos.

C) Collecting the best photos in the world.

D) Becoming a professional photographer.

3. A) Surfing various websites and collecting photos.

B) Editing his pictures and posting them online.

C) Following similar accounts to compare notes.

D) Studying the pictures in popular social media.

4. A) They are far from satisfactory.

B) They are mostly taken by her mom.

C) They make an impressive album.

D) They record her fond memories.

Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

5. A) A journal reporting the latest progress in physics.

B) An introductory course of modem physics.

C) An occasion for physicists to exchange ideas.

D) A series of interviews with outstanding physicists.

6. A) The future of the physical world.

B) The origin of the universe.

C) Sources of radiation.

D) Particle theory.

7. A) How matter collides with anti

-

matter.

B) Whether the universe will turn barren.

C) Why there exists anti

-

matter.

D) Why there is a universe at all

8. A) Matter and anti

-

matter are opposites of each other.

B) Anti

-

matter allowed humans to come into existence.

C) The universe formed due to a sufficient amount of matter.

D) Anti

-

matter exists in very high

-

temperature environments.

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage,

you

will

hear

three

or

four

questions.

Both

the

passage

and

the

questions

will

be

spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from

the

four

choices

marked

A,

B,

C

and

D.

Then

mark

the

corresponding

letter

on

Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.

9. A) She found herself speaking a foreign language.

B) She woke up speaking with a different accent.

C) She found some symptoms of her illness gone.

D) She woke up finding herself in another country.

10. A) It is usually caused by a stroke or brain injury.

B) It has not yet found any effective treatment.

C) It leaves the patient with a distorted memory.

D) It often happens to people with speech defects.

11. A) British.

B) Irish.

C) Russian.

D) Australian.

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.

12. A) Water sports.

B) Racing in rivers.

C) Stories about women swimmers.

D) Books about swimming.

13. A) She succeeded in swimming across the English Channel.

B) She published a guide to London's best swimming spots.

C) She told her story of adventures to some young swimmers.

D) She wrote a book about the history of swimwear in the UK.

14. A) They loved vacationing on the seashore.

B) They had a unique notion of modesty.

C) They were prohibited from swimming.

D) They were fully dressed when swimming.

15. A) She designed lots of appropriate swimwear for women.

B) She once successfully competed against men in swimming.

C) She was the first woman to swim across the English Channel.

D) She was an advocate of women's right to swim in public pools.

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed

by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a

question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and

D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through

the centre.

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.

16. A) Build a machine that can detect lies.

B) Develop a magnetic brain scanner.

C) Test the credibility of court evidence.

D) Win people's complete trust in them.

17. A) They are optimistic about its potential.

B) They are sceptical of its reliability.

C) They think it is but business promotion.

D) They celebrate it with great enthusiasm.

18. A) It is not to be trusted at all.

B) It does not sound economical.

C) It may intrude into people's privacy.

D) It may lead to overuse in court trials.

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.

19. A) Most of its residents speak several languages.

B) Some of its indigenous languages are dying out.

C) Each village there speaks a totally different language.

D) Its languages have interested researchers the world over.

20. A) They are spread randomly across the world.

B) Some are more difficult to learn than others.

C) More are found in tropical regions than in the mild zones.

D) They enrich and impact each other in more ways than one.

21. A) They used different methods to collect and analyze data.

B) They identified distinct patterns of language distribution.

C) Their conclusions do not correspond to their original hypotheses.

D) There is no conclusive account for the cause of language diversity.

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.

22. A) Its middle

-

class is disappearing.

B) Its wealth is rationally distributed.

C) Its population is rapidly growing.

D) Its cherished dream is coming true.

23. A) Success was but a dream without conscientious effort.

B) They could realize their dreams through hard work.

C) A few dollars could go a long way.

D) Wealth was shared by all citizens.

24. A) Better working conditions.

B) Better

-

paying jobs.

C) High social status.

D) Full employment.

25. A) Reduce the administrative costs.

B) Adopt effective business models.

C) Hire part

-

time employees only.

D) Make use of the latest technology.

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions:

In

this

section,

there

is

a

passage

with

ten

blanks.

You

are

required

to

select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following

the passage.

Read the passage

through

carefully

before making

your

choices.

Each

choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for

each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use

any of the words in the bank more than once.

In

what's

probably

the

craziest

headline

I've

ever

written,

I've

reported

that

__26__

in

livestock

protection

are

happening

with

scientists

painting

eyes

on

the

butts of cows. The experiment is based upon the idea that farmers who're protecting

their herd from lions would shoot and kill lions in an effort to protect their livestock.

While

this

makes

a

lot

of

sense,

it

results

in

many

lion

deaths

that

__27__

would

have

been

unnecessary.

Researchers

in

Australia

have

been

__28__

and

testing

a

method of trickery to make lions think they are being watched by the painted eyes

on cow butts.

This idea is based on the principle that lions and other __29__ are far less likely

to

attack

when

they

feel

they

are

being

watched.

As

conservation

areas

become

smaller, lions are increasingly coming into contact with human populations

，

which

are expanding to the __30__ of these protected areas.

Efforts like painting eyes on cow butts may seem crazy at first, but they could

make

actual

headway

in

the

fight

for

conservation.

the

method

works,

it

could

provide

farmers

in

Botswana

--

and

__31__

--

with

a

low

-

cost,

sustainable

tool

to

protect

their

livestock,

and

a

way

to

keep

lions

safe

from

being

killed.

Lions

are

__32__ ambush

（

埋伏）

hunters, so when they feel their prey has __33__ them, they

usually

give

up

on

the

hunt.

Researchers

are

__34__

testing

their

idea

on

a

select

herd of cattle. They have painted half of the cows with eyes and left the other half as

normal. Through satellite tracking of both the herd and the lions in the area, they will

be able to __35__ if their psychological trickery will work to help keep farmers from

shooting lions.

A) advances

B) boundaries

C) challenging

D) currently

E) determine

F) devising

G) elsewhere

H) nevertheless

I) otherwise

J) predators

K) primarily

L) retorted

M) spotted

N) testimonies

O) wrestle

Section B

Directions:

In

this

section,

you

are

going

to

read

a

passage

with

ten

statements

attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.

Identify

the

paragraph

from

which

the

information

is

derived.

You

may

choose

a

paragraph

more

than

once.

Each

paragraph

is

marked

with

a

letter.

Answer

the

questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

Resilience Is About How You Recharge, Not How You Endure

A) As constant travelers and parents of a 2

-

year

old, we sometimes fantasize about

how much work we can do when one of us gets on a plane, undistracted by phones,

friends, or movies. We race to get all our ground work done: packing, going through

security, doing a last

-

minute work call, calling each other, then boarding the plane.

Then, when we try to have that amazing work session in flight, we get nothing done.

Even worse, after refreshing our email or reading the same studies over and over, we

are too exhausted when we land to soldier on with (

继续处理）

the emails that have

inevitably still piled up.

B) Why should flying deplete us? We're just sitting there doing nothing. Why can't we

be

tougher,

more

resilient

(

有复原力的）

and

determined

in

our

work

so

we

can

accomplish all of the goals we set for ourselves? Based on our current research, we

have come to realize that the problem is not our hectic schedule or the plane travel

itself; the problem comes from a misconception of what it means to be resilient, and

the resulting impact of overworking.

C) We often take a militaristic,

a

Marine

pulling

himself

through

the

mud,

a

boxer

going

one

more

round,

or

a

football player picking himself up off the ground for one more play. We believe that

the longer we tough it out, the tougher we are, and therefore the more successful

we will be. However, this entire conception is scientifically inaccurate.

D)

The

very

lack

of

a

recovery

period

is

dramatically

holding

back

our

collective

ability

to

be

resilient

and

successful.

Research

has

found

that

there

is

a

direct

correlation

between

lack

of

recovery

and

increased

incidence

of

health

and

safety

problems. And lack of recovery

-

whether by disrupting sleep with thoughts of work or

having

continuous

cognitive

arousal

by

watching

our

phones

-

is

costing

our

companies $$62 billion a year in lost productivity.

E) And just because work stops, it doesn't mean we are recovering. We

sometimes

at

5pm,

but

then

we

spend

the

night

wrestling

with

solutions

to

work

problems, talking about our work over dinner, and falling asleep thinking about how

much

work

we'll

do

tomorrow.

In

a

study

just

released,

researchers

from

Norway

found that 7. 8% of Norwegians have become workaholics (

工作狂）

. The scientists

cite a definition of

an

uncontrollable

work

motivation,

and

investing

so

much

time

and

effort

in

work

that it impairs other important life areas.

F) We believe that the number of people who fit that definition includes the majority

of American workers, which prompted us to begin a study of workaholism in the U. S.

Our

study

will

use

a

large

corporate

dataset

from

a

major

medical

company

to

examine

how

technology

extends

our

working

hours

and

thus

interferes

with

necessary cognitive recovery, resulting in huge health care costs and turnover costs

for employers.

G) The misconception of resilience is often bred from an early age. Parents trying to

teach their children resilience might celebrate a high school student staying up until

3am to finish a science fair project.

What a distortion of resilience! A resilient child is a well

-

rested one. When an

exhausted

student

goes

to

school,

he

risks

hurting

everyone

on

the

road

with

his

impaired driving; he doesn't have the cognitive resources to do well on his English

test; he has lower self

-

control with his friends; and at home, he is moody with his

parents. Overwork and exhaustion are the opposite of resilience and the bad habits

we acquire when we're young only magnify when we hit the workforce.

H) As Jim Loehr and Tony Schwartz have written, if you have too much time in the

performance

zone,

you

need

more

time

in

the

recovery

zone,

otherwise

you

risk

burnout. Gathering your resources to

overcome your currently low arousal level. It also worsens exhaustion. Thus the more

imbalanced we become due to overworking, the more value there is in activities that

allow

us

to

return

to

a

state

of

balance.

The

value

of

a

recovery

period

rises

in

proportion to the amount of work required of us.

I) So how do we recover and build resilience? Most people assume that if you stop

doing a task like answering emails or writing a paper, your brain will naturally recover,

so that when you start again later in the day or the next morning, you'll have your

energy back. But surely everyone reading this has had times when you lie in bed for

hours, unable to fall asleep because your brain is thinking about work. If you lie in

bed for eight hours, you may have rested, but you can still feel exhausted the next

day. That's because rest and recovery are not the same thing.

J) If you're trying to build resilience at work, you need adequate internal and external

recovery

periods.

As

researchers

Zijlstra,

Cropley

and

Rydstedt

write

in

their

2014

paper:

within the frames of the work day or the work setting in the form of short scheduled

or unscheduled breaks, by shifting attention or changing to other work tasks when

the mental or physical resources required for the initial task are temporarily depleted

or exhausted. External recovery refers to actions that take place outside of work

-

e.g.

in the free time between the work days, and during weekends, holidays or vacations.

on your phone or get stressed thinking about decisions about how to renovate your

home,

your

brain

has

not

received

a

break

from

high

mental

arousal

states.

Our

brains need a rest as much as our bodies do.

K) If you really want to build resilience, you can start by strategically stopping. Give

yourself the resources to be tough by creating internal and external recovery periods.

Amy Blankson describes how to strategically stop during the day by using technology

to

control

overworking.

She

suggests

downloading

the

Instant

or

Moment

apps

to

see how

many

times

you turn

on

your

phone

each day.

You

can also use

apps

like

Offtime or Unplugged to create tech free zones by strategically scheduling automatic

airplane

modes.

The

average

person

turns

on

their

phone

150

times

every

day.

If

every distraction took only 1 minute, that would account for 2. 5 hours a day.

L)

In

addition,

you

can

take

a

cognitive

break

every

90

minutes

to

charge

your

batteries. Try to not have lunch at your desk, but instead spend time outside or with

your

friends

-

not

talking

about

work.

Take

all

of

your

paid

time

off,

which

not

only

gives you recovery periods, but raises your productivity and likelihood of promotion.

M) As for us, we've started using our plane time as a work

-

free zone, and thus time

to dip into the recovery phase. The results have been fantastic. We are usually tired

already by the time we get on a plane, and the crowded space and unstable internet

connection

make

work

more

challenging. Now,

instead

of

swimming

upstream,

we

relax, sleep, watch movies, or listen to music. And when we get off the plane, instead

of being depleted, we feel recovered and ready to return to the performance zone.

has

been

found

that

inadequate

recovery

often

leads

to

poor

health

and

accidents.

relaxation is much needed, just as physical relaxation is.

te rest not only helps one recover, but also increases one's work efficiency.

author always has a hectic time before taking a flight.

ry may not take place even if one seems to have stopped working.

is advised that technology be used to prevent people from overworking.

ry to popular belief, rest does not equal recovery.

author has come to see that his problem results from a misunderstanding of

the meaning of resilience.

's

distorted

view

about

resilience

may

have

developed

from

their

upbringing.

tend to think the more determined they are, the greater their success will

be.

Section C

Directions:

There

are

2

passages

in

this

section.

Each

passage

is

followed

by

some

questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked

A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding

letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

Children

with

attention

problems

in

early

childhood

were

40%

less

likely

to

graduate from high school, says a new study from Duke University.

The study included 386 kindergarteners from schools in the Fast Track Project, a

multi

-

site clinical trial in the U. S. that in 1991 began tracking how children developed

across their lives.

With

this

study,

researchers

examined

early

academic

attention

and

socio

-

emotional

skills

and

how

each

contributed

to

academic

success

into

young

adulthood.

They

found

that

early

attention

skills

were

the

most

consistent

predictor

of

academic success, and that likability by peers also had a modest effect on academic

performance.

By

fifth

grade,

children

with

early

attention

difficulties

had

lower

grades

and

reading

achievement

scores

than

their

peers.

As

fifth

-

graders,

children

with

early

attention

problems

obtained

average

reading

scores

at

least

3%

lower

than

their

contemporaries'

and

grades

at

least

8%

lower

than

those

of

their

peers.

This

was

after controlling for IQ, socio

-

economic status and academic skills at school entry.

Although

these

may

not

seem

like

large

effects,

the

impact

of

early

attention

problems

continued

throughout

the

children's

academic

careers.

Lower

reading

achievement

scores

and

grades

in

fifth

grade

contributed

to

reduced

grades

in

middle school and thereby contributed to a 40% lower high school graduation rate.

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (

注意力缺乏多动症）

(ADHD), although some

may have

had the

disorder.

Our

findings

suggest

that even more

modest

attention

difficulties can increase the risk of negative academic outcomes

an associate dean of Duke's Trinity College of Arts & Sciences, whose research

has

focused

on

ADHD

and

interventions

to

improve

academic

performance

in

children with attention difficulties.

Social

acceptance

by

peers

in

early

childhood

also

predicted

grades

in

fifth

grade. Children not as liked by their first

-

grade peers had slightly lower grades in fifth

grade, while those with higher social acceptance had higher grades.

-

called

‘

non

-

cognitive' or soft skills in

contributing

to

children's

positive

peer

relationships,

which,

in

turn,

contribute

to

their academic success,

and Family Policy.

The

results

highlight the

need to develop

effective

early

interventions to

help

those

with

attention

problems

stay

on

track

academically

and

for

educators

to

encourage positive peer relationships, the researchers said.

one

that

incorporates

not

only

academic

skills

but

also

social,

self

-

regulatory

and

attention

skills,

Dodge

said.

we

neglect

any

of

these

areas,

the

child's

development lags. If we attend to these areas, a child's success may reinforce itself

with positive feedback loops.

46. What is the focus of the new study from Duke University?

A) The contributors to children's early attention.

B) The predictors of children's academic success.

C) The factors that affect children's emotional well

-

being.

D) The determinants of children's development of social skills.

47. How did the researchers ensure that their findings are valid?

A) By attaching equal importance to all possible variables examined.

B) By collecting as many typical samples as were necessary.

C) By preventing them from being affected by factors not under study.

D) By focusing on the family background of the children being studied.

48. What do we learn from the findings of the Duke study?

A) Modest students are generally more attentive th

а

n their contemporaries.

B) There are more children with attention difficulties than previously thought.

C) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder accounts for most academic failures.

D) Children's academic performance may suffer from even slight inattention.

49. What does the Duke study find about children better accepted by peers?

A) They do better academically. C) They are teachers' favorites.

B) They are easy to get on with. D) They care less about grades.

50. What can we conclude from the Duke study?

A) Children's success is related to their learning environment.

B) School curriculum should cover a greater variety of subjects.

C) Social skills are playing a key role in children's development.

D) An all

-

round approach should be adopted in school education.

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

On Jan. 9, 2007, Steve Jobs formally announced Apple's

phone

—

a

device

that

combined

the

functionality

of

an

iPod,

phone

and

Internet

communication into a single unit, navigated by touch.

It

was

a

huge

milestone

in

the

development

of

smartphones,

which

are

now

owned

by

a

majority

of

American

adults

and

are

increasingly

common

across

the

globe.

As smartphones have multiplied, so have questions about their impact on how

we live and how we work. Often the advantages of convenient, mobile technology

are

both

obvious

and

taken

for

granted,

leaving

more

subtle

topics

for

concerned

discussion:Are

smartphones

disturbing

children's

sleep?

Is

an

inability

to

get

away

from

work

having

a

negative

impact

on

health?

And

what

are

the

implications

for

privacy?

But

today,

on

the

10th

anniversary

of

the

iPhone,

let's

take

a

moment

to

consider

a

less

obvious

advantage:

the

potential

for

smartphone

technology

to

revolutionize behavioral science. That's because, for the first time in human history, a

large

proportion

of

the

species

is

in

continuous

contact

with

technology

that

can

record key features of an individual's behavior and environment.

Researchers have already begun to use smartphones in social scientific research,

either

to

query

people

regularly

as

they

engage

in

their

normal

lives

or

to

record

activity using the device's built

-

in sensors. These studies are confirming, challenging

and extending what's been found using more traditional approaches, in which people

report

how

they

behaved

in

real

life

or

participate

in

relatively

short

and

artificial

laboratory

-

based tasks.

Such

studies

are

just

first

steps.

As

more

data

are

collected

and

methods

for

analysis

improve,

researchers

will

be

in

a

better

position

to

identify

how

different

experiences, behaviors and environments relate to each other and evolve over time,

with

the

potential

to

improve

people's

productivity

and

wellbeing

in

a

variety

of

domains. Beyond revealing population

-

wide patterns, the right combination of data

and

analysis

can

also

help

individuals

identify

unique

characteristics

of

their

own

behavior,

including

conditions

that

could

indicate

the

need

for

some

form

of

intervention

—

such

as

an

unusual

increase

in

behaviors

that

signal

a

period

of

depression. Smartphone

-

based data collection comes at an appropriate time in the

evolution of psychological science. Today, the field is in transition, moving away from

a focus on laboratory studies with undergraduate participants towards more complex,

real

-

world situations studied with more diverse groups of people. Smartphones offer

new

tools

for

achieving

these

ambitions,

providing

rich

data

about

everyday

behaviors in a variety of contexts.

So here's another way in which smartphones might transform the way we live

and

work:

by

offering

insights

into

human

psychology

and

behavior

and,

thus,

supporting smarter social science.

51. What does the author say about the negative impact of smartphones?

A) It has been overshadowed by the positive impact.

B) It has more often than not been taken for granted.

C) It is not so obvious but has caused some concern.

D) It is subtle but should by no means be overstated.

52. What is considered a less obvious advantage of smartphone technology?

A) It systematically records real human interactions.

B) It helps people benefit from technological advances.

C) It brings people into closer contact with each other.

D) It greatly improves research on human behavior.

53. What characterizes traditional psychological research?

A) It is based on huge amounts of carefully collected data.

B) It relies on lab observations and participants' reports.

C) It makes use of the questionnaire method.

D) It is often expensive and time

-

consuming.

54. How will future psychological studies benefit individuals?

A) By helping them pin down their unusual behaviors.

B) By helping them maintain a positive state of mind.

C) By helping them live their lives in a unique way.

D) By helping them cope with abnormal situations.

55. What do we learn about current psychological studies?

A) They are going through a period of painful transition.

B) They are increasingly focused on real

-

life situations.

C) They are conducted in a more rigorous manner.

D) They are mainly targeted towards undergraduates.

Part IV Translation (30 minutes)

Directions:

For

this

part,

you

are

allowed

30

minutes

to

translate

a

passage

from

Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

< br>近年来，

中国政府进一步加大体育馆建设投资，

以更好地 满足人们快速增长

的健身需求。

除了新建体育馆外，