-
绝密★启用前
<
/p>
2018
年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试
英
语（
北京卷
）
（考试时间：
100
分钟
试卷满分：
120
分）
考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
< br>第一部分：知识运用（共两节，
45
分）
第一节
单项填空（共
15
小题；每小题
1
分，共
15
分）
< br>从每题所给的
A
、
B
、
C
、
D
四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
例：
I
t’s so nice to hear from
her again
. _________, we last met more
than thirty years ago.
A.
W
hat’s more
B. That’s to say
D. Believe it or not
C. In
other words
答案是
D
。
1.
—
Hi, I’m
Peter. Are you new here? I haven’t seen you
around
?
—
Hello,
Peter. I’m Bob. I just
_________ on
Monday.
A. start
B. have started
C. started
D.
had started
2. _________
we
don’t stop climate change, many animals and plants
in the world will be gone.
A. Although
B. While
C. If
D.
Until
3. _________ along the old Silk
Road is an interesting and rewarding experience
A. Travel
B. Traveling
C. Having traveled
D. Traveled
4.
Susan had quit her well-paid job and _________ as
a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her
last year.
A. is working
B. was working
C. has worked
D. had worked
5.
She and her family bicycle to work, _________
helps them keep fit.
A. which
B. who
D. that
6. During the Mid-
Autumn Festival, family members often gather
together _________ a meal, admire the moon
and enjoy moon cakes.
A.
share
B. to share
C. having shared
D. shared
7. China’s high
-speed
railways _________ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers
in the past few years.
第
1
页
共
1
页
A. are growing
B. have grown
C. will grow
D. had grown
8.
In any unsafe situation, simply _________ the
button and a highly-trained agent will get you the
help you need.
A. press
B. to press
C.
pressing
D. pressed
9. A rescue
worker risked his life saving two tourists who
_________ in the mountains for two days.
A. are trapping
B. have been trapped
C. were trapping
D. had been trapped
10. Ordinary soap, _________ correctly,
can deal with bacteria effectively.
A.
used
B. to use
C. using
D. use
11. Without his support, we wouldn’t be
_________ we are now.
A. how
B.
when
C. where
D. why
12. In
today’s info
rmation age, the loss of
data _________ cause serious problems for a
company.
A. need
B. should
C.
can
D. must
13. They
might have found a better hotel if they _________
a few more kilometers.
A. drove
B. would drive
C. were to
drive
D. had
driven
14.
—
Good
morning, Mr. L
ee’s office.
—
Good morning. I’d like to
make an appointment
_________ next
Wednesday afternoon.
A. for
B. on
C. in
D. at
15. This is _________ my father has
taught me
—
to always face
difficulties and hope for the best.
A.
how
B. which
C. that
D.
what
第二节
完形填空（共
20
小题；每小题
1.5
< br>分，共
30
分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每
题所给的
A
、
B
、
C
、
D
四
个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上
将该项涂黑。
The Homeless Hero
For many, finding an unattended wallet
filled with ?
400 in cash would be a sou
rce
（
来源
）
of temptation
（
诱
惑
）
. But the
16
would no doubt be greater if you were
living on the streets with little food and money.
All of
this makes the actions of the
homeless Tom Smith
17
more remarkable.
After spotting a
18
on the front seat inside a
parked car with its window down, he stood guard in
the
rain for about two hours waiting
for the
19
to return.
第
2
页
共
2
页
After hours in the cold and
wet, he
20
inside and
pulled the wallet out hoping to find some ID so he
could contact
（
联系<
/p>
）
the driver, only to
21
it
contained ?
400 in notes, with another
?
50 in spare change
beside
it.
He then took the wallet to a nearby
police station after
22
a note behind to let the
owner know it was
safe. When the car’s
owner John Anderson and his colleague Carol
Lawrence ret
urned to the
car
—
which was itself
worth ?
35,
000
—
in Glasgow city centre,
they were
23
to find two policemen standing next to
it. The
policemen told them what Mr.
Smith did and that the wallet was
24
.
The pair were
later able to thank Mr. Smith for his
25
.
Mr. Anderson
said
：＂
I couldn’t believe
that the guy never took a penny. To think he is
sleeping on the streets
tonight
26
he
could have stolen the money and paid for a place
to stay in. This guy has nothing and
27
he
didn’t ta
ke the wallet for
himself
；
he thought about
others
28
.
I
t’s unbelievable. It just proves
there are
29
guys out there.
＂
Mr. S
mith’s act
30
much of the
public’s attention. He also won praise from social
media users after
Mr. Anderson
31
about the act of kindness on Facebook.
Now Mr. Anderson has set up an online
campaign to
32
money for Mr. Smith and
other homeless
people in the area,
which by yesterday had received
￡
8,000.
＂
I think the faith that
everyone has shown
33
him ha
s touched
him. People have been approaching him in the
street; he’s ha
d job
34
and all
sorts,
＂
Mr.
Anderson commented.
For Mr.
Smith, this is a possible life-changing
35
. The story
once again tells us that one good turn
deserves another.
16. A.
hope
17. A. still
B. aim
C. urge
C. ever
C. box
D.
effort
D. once
D. parcel
D. policeman
D. reached
D. believe
D. writing
D. shocked
D. seen
D. encouragement
B. even
B. bag
18. A. wallet
19. A. partner
20. A. turned
21. A. discover
22. A.
taking
23. A. satisfied
24. A. safe
B.
colleague
B. hid
C.
owner
C. stepped
C. check
C. reading
C.
amused
C. found
C. kindness
B. collect
B. leaving
B. excited
B. missing
B. support
25. A. service
第
3
页
共
3
页
26. A. when
27.
A. rather
28. A. too
B. if
B. yet
C.
where
C. already
C. again
C. rich
C. cast
D. because
D. just
D. instead
D. generous
D. drew
D. heard
D. earn
D. in
D.
applications
D. challenge
B.
though
B. polite
B. paid
B. posted
B. raise
B. at
29. A. honest
30. A. gave
31.
A. learned
32. A. borrow
33. A. of
C. cared
C. save
C. for
34. A. details
35. A. lesson
B.
changes
C. offers
C. chance
B.
adventure
第二部分：阅读理解
< br>(
共两节，
40
分
)
第一节（共
15
小题；
每小题
2
分，共
30
< br>分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的
A
、
B
、
C
、
D
四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并
在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
My
First Marathon
（
马拉松
）
A month before my first
marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this
meant not running for two weeks,
leaving me only two weeks to train.
Yet, I was determined to go ahead.
I
remember back to my 7th year in school. In my
first P.E. class, the teacher required us to run
laps and then
hit a softball. I didn’t
do either well. He later informed me that I
was
＂
not
athletic
＂
.
The
idea that I was
＂
not
athletic
＂
stuck
with me for years. When I started running in my
30s, I realized
running was a battle
against myself, not about competition or whether
or not I was athletic. It was all about the
battle against my own body and mind. A
test of wills!
The night
be
fore my marathon, I dreamt that I
couldn’t even find the finish line. I woke up
sweating and
nervous, but ready to
prove something to myself.
Shortly
after crossing the start line, my shoe
laces(
鞋带
) became untied. So
I stopped to readjust. Not the start
I
wanted!
At mile 3, I passed a sign:
＂
GO FOR IT,
RUNNERS!
＂
By mile
17, I became out of breath and the once injured
ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain, I stayed the
course
walking a bit and then running
again.
By mile 21, I was starving!
第
4
页
共
4
页
As I approached
mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign. She is
my biggest fan. She never minded the
alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m. or
questioned my expenses on running.
I
was one of the final runners to finish. But I
finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the
same medal as the
one that the guy who
came in first place
Determined to be
myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly
labels(
世俗标签
), I can now call
myself
a
＂
marathon
winner
＂
.
36. A
month before the marathon, the author
____________.
A. was well trained
B. felt scared
D. lost hope
C.
made up his mind to run
37.
Why did the author mention the P.E. class in his
7th year?
A. To acknowledge the support
of his teacher.
B. To amuse the readers
with a funny story.
C. To show he was
not talented in sports.
D. To share a
precious memory.
38. How was the
author’s
first marathon?
A. He made it.
B. He quit
halfway.
D. He walked to the end.
C. He got the first prize.
39. What does the story mainly tell us?
A. A man owes his success to his family
support.
B. A winner is one with a
great effort of will.
C. Failure is the
mother of success.
D. One is never too
old to learn.
B
Find Your Adventure at the Space and
Aviation(
航空
) Center
If you’re looking for a unique
adventure,
the Space and Aviation
Center (SAC) is the place to be. The Center
offers programs designed to challenge
and inspire with hands-on tasks and lots of fun.
More
than
750,000
have
graduated
from
SAC,
with
many
seeking
employment
in
engineering,
aviation,
education, medicine and a wide variety
of other professions. They come to camp, wanting
to know what it is like to
be an
astronaut or a pilot, and they leave with
real-
world applications for what
they’re studying in the classroom.
For the trainees, the programs also
offer a great way to earn merit
badges(
荣誉徽章
). At Space Camp,
trainees
第
5
页
共
5
页
can
earn
their
Space
Exploration
badge
as
they
build
and
fire
model
rockets,
learn
about
space
tasks
and
try
simulated(
模拟
)
flying
to
space
with
the
crew
from
all
over
the
world.
The
Aviation
Challenge
program
gives
trainees the chance to earn their
Aviation badge. They learn the principles of
flight and test their operating skills in
the cockpit(
驾驶舱
)
of a variety of flight simulators. Trainees also
get a good start on their Wilderness Survival
badge
as
they
learn
about
water-
and
land-
survival
through
designed
tasks
and
their
search
and
rescue
of
＂
downed
＂
pilot.
With
all
the
programs,
teamwork
is
key
as
trainees
learn
the
importance
of
leadership
and
being
part
of
a
bigger .k
All
this fun is available for ages 9 to 18. Families
can enjoy the experience together, too, with
Family Camp
programs for families with
children as young as 7.
Stay an hour or
stay a week
—
there is
something here for everyone!
For more
details, please visit us online at .
40. Why do people come to SAC?
A. To experience adventures.
B. To look for jobs in aviation.
C. To get a degree in engineering.
D. To learn more about medicine.
41. To earn a Space Exploration badge,
a trainee needs to
.
A. fly to space
B. get an Aviation badge first
C. study the principles of flight
D. build and fire model rockets
42. What is the most important for
trainees?
A. Leadership.
C. Task planning.
C
Plastic-Eating Worms
Humans
produce
more
than
300
million
tons
of
plastic
every
year.
Almost
half
of that winds up in
landfills(
垃圾填埋场
), and up to
12 million tons pollute
B. Team spirit.
D. Survival skills.
第
6
页
共
6
页
the
oceans.
So
far
there
is
no
effective
way
to
get
rid
of
it,
but
a
new
study
suggests
an
answer
may
lie
in
the
stomachs
of some hungry worms.
Researchers
in Spain
and
England
recently
found
that
the
worms
of
the
greater
wax
moth
can
break
down
polyethylene,
which
accounts
for
40%
of
plastics. The team
left
100
wax
worms
on
a
commercial
polyethylene
shopping bag for 12 hours, and the
worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams,
or almost 3% of it. To
confirm that the
worms’ chewing alone was not responsible for the
polyethylene breakdown, the
researchers
made
some worms into
paste(
糊状物
) and applied it to
plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost
13% of their mass
—
apparently broken down by enzymes
(
酶
)
from the
worms’ stomachs. Their findings were published in
Current
Biology
in 2017.
Federica Bertocchini,
co-
author of the study, says the worms’
ability to break down their everyday
food
—
beeswax
—
also
allows
them
to
break
down
plastic.
＂
Wax
is
a
complex
mixture,
but
the
basic
bond
in
polyethylene,
the
carbon-carbon
bond,
is
there
as
well,
＂
she
explains,
＂
The
wax
worm
evolved
a
method
or
system to break this bond.
＂
Jennifer
DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of
Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says
it
is not surprising that such worms
can break down polyethylene. But compared with
previous studies, she finds the
speed
of
breaking
down
in
this
one
exciting.
The
next
step,
DeBruyn
says,
will
be
to
identify
the
cause
of
the
breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by
the worm itself or by its gut
microbes(
肠道微生物
)?
Bertocchini
agrees
and
hopes
h
er
team’s
findings
might
one
day
help
employ
the
enzyme
to
break
down
plastics in landfills. But she expects
using the chemical in some kind of industrial
process
—
not simply
＂
millions
of
worms thrown on top of the
plastic.
＂
43.
What can we learn about the worms in the study?
A. They take plastics as their everyday
food.
B. They are newly evolved
creatures.
C. They can consume
plastics.
D. They wind up in landfills.
44. According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the
next step of the study is to
.
A.
identify other means of the breakdown
B. find out the source of the enzyme
C. confirm the research findings
D. increase the breakdown speed
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