-
情态动词
+ have
done
重点
1.
Someth ing may have happe ned to her.
她可能发生了什么事情。
She
might have had an accide nt.
她或许遭受了意外
.
So she must have take n that too.
因此，她肯定把它也带走了。
1)<
/p>
这三句话都用了“情态动词
+
不定式的完
成时”
(1)
must have
done
，表示对发生过的事作某种猜测、推测。
可用来对某件过去的事情作肯定推测，表示“一定已经，想必已经”
can't have done
。
做过某事，用于肯定的陈述句中。否定句中用
She must have received the parcel, I
sent it by registered post.
她一定已经收到包裹了，我是用挂号寄的。
(2)
may have done, might
have done, could have done
could have
do ne
所表的可能性更小些。
“可能做过某事”，就语气而言
He
may / might / could have left by nine.
他可能于九点前已离去。
⑶
should have do ne / ought
to have do ne
表示“本该做某事”但实际未做。
I
should / ought to have left London before nine but
I did n't.
我本该在九点以前离开伦敦，但是我没有。
⑷
should n't have done /
ought n't to have done
表示“本不该做事”，但实际上又做了。
He should n't / ought n't to have left
London before nine but he did.
可编辑
他本不该在九点前离开伦敦，但是他离开了。
⑸
can't / could n't have done
表否定推测，
不可能做过某事”
。
She can't / could
n't have gone to bed, for the light in her room is
still on.
她不可能上床睡觉了，因为她房间的灯还亮着。
(6) could have done
可表示客观上
本来能做某事但实际上没做”
He could have fini shed the work in
time but he did n't work hard.
他本来可以按时干完活的，但他没有卖力。
。
⑺
need n't have done
< br>表示客观上
本不必做某事但实际上又做了”
。
I n eed
n't have gone to the office yesterday (but I went
there).
昨天我没必要去办公室
(
但我却去了
)
(8) might have done
。
。用于表示说
还可表示过去
本可能发生但实际上没有发生的动作”
话人对已发生的事提出批评或意见。
He might have give n more help, eve n
though he was very busy.
即使他很忙，也可以多帮点忙。
情态动词
+
动词完成式即
情态动词
+
动词完成式即
情态动词<
/p>
+ have + done
”，
表示对过去行为或动作进行推测、
评论或判断。这个结构是近几年高考情态动词的重点和难
点。
一、在虚拟语气中的用法
1.
should have done
表示
过去本应该做某事却未做。
done
表示
“过去本不该做某事却做了。
”
”其否定结构
should n't
have
可编辑
2.
ought to have do ne
表示“过去本应该做某事却未做。
”其否定结构
ought n't
to have
”
done
表示“过
去本不该做某事却做了。
可编辑
3. n eed have
do ne
表示
过去本有必要做某事
却未做。
”其否定结构
need n't
have done
表示“过去本没必要做某事却做了。
”
4.
could
（
不能用
can
）
have done
表示“过去本能够做某事却未做。
注意：其否定形式
could n't
have done
没有虚拟语气的用法，
could
n't have done
只能表推测，相当于
can't have done
，意
为：“过去不可能做了某事。”
5.
might
（
不能用
may
）
have done
表示“过去本可以做某事却未做。
”注意：其否定形
式
might not have
done
没有虚拟语气的用法，
might not have done
只能表推测，相
当于
may not have done
，意为：“过去可能没有做某事。”
二、表推测的用法
1. must
have done
must n't have done
式。其否定或疑问形式须用
的形
can( could)
来表示
?
例如
:
Since the road is wet, it
表示
对过去某事的肯定猜测，译为：过去肯定做了某事。不存在
have rai ned
last night.
既然路是湿的，那昨天晚上肯定下雨了。
He can't have missed the way. I drew
him a map.
张图。
他不可能迷路。我（当时）给他画了
it?
词典不见了，（过去）
谁可能把它拿走了
?
2.
may / might have done
may /
might have done
表示“过去可能做了某事
<
/p>
。
may
比
might
表示的可能性在说
表示“过去可能没有做某事。
例如：
I can't
我找不至
U
我的
话人看来稍大些。
ma
y/might not have do ne
find my keys. I
may / might have left them at the school
yesterday.
钥
可编辑
3. n eed have do ne
表示
过去本有必要做某事却未做。
匙了。我可能昨天把他们落在学校了。
”其否定结构
need n't
have done
Joh n may/might
not have passed the exam;
he
可编辑
looks very
sad.
约翰可能没有通过考试。他看起来很忧伤。注意
:
表推测不能用于疑问句中。
3.
can/could have done
may/might have done
表推测一般用在否定句和疑问句中，表示不相信或怀疑的态度。
Can/Could he have passed the exam?
他可能通过了考试吗？
I
think that he couldn
'
t/can't have gone abroad. I saw him just now.
出国了。我刚才还看见他了。
注：表示推测过去某动作发生的可能性时，
就表示的可能性程度而言，
must
最大，
could
其
次，
may
更次之，
might
最小。例如：
I wonder
how Tom knew about your past.
想知道汤姆是怎么知道你的过去的。
”
He must / could / may /
might have heard of it
from Mary.
”
“他肯定
/
很可能
/
可能
/
兴许（没准儿）已从玛丽那儿听说此事了。
”
”
我认为他不可能
“情态动词
+
have done
”考点解析
“情态动词
+
have done
”结构是重要考点，也是较难掌握的语法项目之一，
为了帮助同学们
更好地掌握使用这一考点，下面结合近年高考试题谈谈其
主要用
法。
考点之一：在虚拟条件句中，如果表示与过去事实相反的情况，
从句中用过
去完成时，而主句
中则用“情态动词
+
现在完成时”，即
:
would/ could/ should/ might
have done
。例如
:
If
they had finished the work on time, they would
have been praised by the man
ager.
可编辑
If you had worked hard, you
could have passed the examination.
考题分析：
1.
If it ___ for the snow, we ___ the
mountain yesterday.
A. were not; could
have climbed
C. had not been; could
have climbed
climb
2.
--- I stayed at a hotel while in New
York. --- Oh, did you?
Barbara.
A. could have stay
stay
3. Yesterday Jane walked away for
discussion, otherwise, she ___ something she would
regret later.
A. had said B. said C.
might say D. might have said
B. could
stay
C. would stay
D. must
have
You ___ with
B. were
not; could
D. had not been; could
答案简析：
1.
根据信息词
yesterday
可以判断该句是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件
句，从句中应该用“情态动
词＋现在完成时”，故答案选
C
。
2.
本句是一个含蓄虚拟条件句，意思是：
If you hadn
'
t
stay at a hotel
while in New York, you
could have stayed with Barbara.
相反的情况，答案选
A
。
表达了与过去事实
3.
本句考查的也是含蓄虚拟语气，意思是：如果她参加了讨论，她可能会
<
/p>
说出一些后来令她后悔的
话。表达了与过去事实相反的情况，故答
案选
D
。
可编辑
考点之二：
must have
done
表示对过去已经发生过的情况的肯定推测判断
,
语气较强，意思是“一定
.
..........................
、
肯定
...
”。其否定形式分别用
can
'
t/ couldn
和
can/
could
。例如：
It must
have rained last ni ght, for the ground is wet
this morning.
昨天晚上一定是下雨了，因为今晨地面是潮湿的。
She did n
'
t
atte nd the less on yesterday. She must have bee n
ill.
她昨天没有上课，她一定是生病了。
1.
Must have done
语气极强，表示非常肯定，一定做了某事，基本只用肯定
句
巩固练习
.
He
____ have completed his
work, otherwise, he would n
enjoying
himself by the seaside.
A. should
B. must
C. wouldn
'
t D. can
't
t be
This cake is very sweet. You ___ a lot
of sugar in it.
A
. Should
put B. could have put C. might put D. must have
put
I was on the highway whe n this car
went past followed by a police car. They
at least 150
kilometers an
hour.
A. should have bee n doing
C. could have done
B. must
have bee n doing
D. would have done
可编辑