-
“情态动词
+have
done
”
表推测一览表
情态动词
+ have done
must have done
can
’
t have done
could have done
用法
一定已经做了
不可能已经做了
例句
They must have
finished their work.
They
can
’
t have finished their
work
可能已经做了或本来可
You could
have used my computer because I
didn
’
t use
能做但未做
it.
They may have finished their work.
may have done
might have
done
也许已经做了
也许已经做了或本来可
You might have
used my computer because I
didn
’
t use
以做但未做
it.
You Should have studied hard.
You need not have gone out.
I would rather not have gone there.
I would like to have seen the film.
You
’
d better have
gone there.
Should/ought to have done
need not have done
would
rather have done
would like to have
done
had better have done
本来该做但未做
本来不必做但做了
过去宁愿做但未做
过去想做但未做
当时最好做了某事
“
情态动词
+be
doing
”
表推测一览表
情态动词
+ be doing
must be doing
can
’
t be doing
May/might be doing
用法
一定正在做
不可能正在做
也许正在做
例句
They must be
watching TV now.
They
can
’
t be watching TV now.
They may be watching TV now.
口诀：
“情动”加上
have
done,
推测事情已经干；
“情动”加上
be
doing,
推测事情在进行；
情态动词
+have
done
表推测
一、
must have done
一定已经做了。
They must
have finished their
work.
他们一定做了他们的工作。
二、
1
、
Can have
done.
可能已经做了。
2
、
Can
’
t
have done.
不可能已经做了。
They can have finished /homework so
quickly.
他们可能很快完成他们的工作。
They can
’
n have
finished /homework so
quickly.
他们不可能很快完成他们的工作。
They can have gone to bed /since /the
door is
closed.
门关着，他们可能已经睡着了。
完成时态
+
since
三、
1
、
Could
have done.
可能已经做过。
（对过去事情的推测）<
/p>
2
、
Coul
dn
’
t have done.
不可能已经做过。
You
could have used my computer because I
didn
’
t use it.
你可能
使用过我的游戏机。因
为我不能使用它。
you couldn
’
t have
used my
computer.
你不可能使用过我的游戏机。
3
、
Could have done
表过去虚拟语气，过去表本来会做而未做。含责备，遗憾的语气。
It was so fine yesterday,
you could have come out for a walk.
（对过去的虚拟语气）
昨天天
气好
,
你本来可以出来散散步的。
（事实上没有散步，<
/p>
对过去本来会做而没有做。
）
4
、
would have
done.
表示虚拟语气，本来完全可以做，而没有做。
I would have come /to help /you with
the work yesterday
（
to
do
）
/but I was
too busy
.
昨天我本想帮你做工作的，但我太忙了。<
/p>
（遗憾的语气）
四、
should have done.
表示虚拟语气，本应该做而没有做
。
should=oug
ht to
应该
1
、
Shouldn
’
t have do
ne.
本不应该做。
（事实上做了）
He shouldn
’
t have
swum /in the lake /alone.
他本不应该独自一人在湖里游泳
。
（事实上已
经游泳了，责备的语气）
2
、
you should have
studied hard.
你本来应该学习努力。
（事实上没
有做到）
五、
needn
’
t have done.
表示虚拟语气。本来
不必做，但做了。
“多此一举”
1
、
You
needn
’
t have watered /the
flowers.
你本来不需要给花浇水。
六、
will /shall have
done.
表示将来完成时，不表示推测，也不表示虚拟。
七、
may have
done.
也许已经做了。
They
may have finished
homework.
他们也许已经完成作业。
You may have read the
book.
他也许已经读过书。
八、
might have done.
①也许已经做过，②本来做但未做。
（虚拟语气）
They might have won the match.
他们本来可以赢得这场比赛。
（事实上没有赢）
I might have passed the exam
.
我本来可以通过考试。
（事实上没有通过）
< br>（虚拟语气）
九、
needn
’
t have done.
本来不必
做但做了。
（虚拟语气）
You
need not have gone out.
你本来不必出去。
< br>（事实上出去了）
十、
would rather have done.
过去宁愿做但未做。
（对过去的虚拟）
I would rather you paid the money yours
elf.
我宁愿你自己付钱，
AA
制。
I would rather
not have gone
/there.
我宁愿没有去过哪儿。
I would rather do it
today.
我宁愿今天做。
十一、
would like to have done.<
/p>
过去想做但未做。
（虚拟语气，过去的虚拟）
I would like to have seen /the film.
我过去想看场电影。
（事实上没有看）
十二、
had better have
done.
当时最好做了某事。
You
’
d better have
gone /there.
你当时最好去哪儿。
（事实上没有去
）
You had better not go
dancing tonight.
你最好今天晚上不去跳舞。
情态动词
+be
going.
表推测：
Must
be doing.
一定正在做
Can
’
t be
doing.
不可能正在做
May/might be
doing.
也许正在做
They
must be watching TV now
They
can
’
t be watching TV now
They may be watching TV now
连词
other wise, or,
but
与
with, whithout,
but,
if only
否则
但是
有
没有
但是
只要
及其
in case/for fear
that/lest
引导的从句，要用虚拟语气。
以免
以免
免
With you help,
we might finish the work
earlier.
有你的帮助，我或许能早点完成工作。
Whithout water, there would be no
life.
没有水，就没有生物。
条件状语从句中的虚拟语气：条件句分为真实条件句和虚拟条
件句两种，真实条件句用陈述语气，
虚拟条件句用虚拟语气。
（
虚拟条件句是虚拟语气的重点）
虚拟条件句关键是要熟练掌握以下三大公式：
三个相反
与现在事实相反
与过去事实相反
与将来事实相反
从句
主句
If sb
did/were
…
If sb
had
done
…
If
sb
did/were
…
If sb
were to
do
…
If sb
should do
…
Sb
would/should/could/might
do
…
Sb
would/should/could/might have done/have
been
…
Sb
would/should/could/might
do
…
1
、宾语从句中的虚拟语气：有三种情况。
一是在动词
insist
(
坚持<
/p>
)
，
order
（
命令）
，
command
(
命令
)
，
suggest
（建议）
，
advise
（建议）
。
Recomm
end
（建议，推荐）
，
requir
e
（要求）
,request
（请求）
，
demand
（要求）
，
desire
（要求，
愿
望）
，
等动词后面的宾语从句中一般用虚拟语气，其结构为
“主语
+should+
动词原形”
，
其中
should
可以省略。
把以上
10
个动词简称为
：
一个“坚持”
，两个“命令”
，三个“建议”
，四个“要求”
。
二是动词
wish
之后接宾语从句一定要用虚拟语气。
从句的时态是：
1
、与过去事实相反用
had
done/had been,
2
、与现在事实相反用
did
或
were,
3
、与将来事实相反用
“
would/might/could/should+
动词原形”
。
注意：
wish<
/p>
在简单句中并非表示的是虚拟语气，如：
wish you
success.
祝你成功。
三是在
would rather
的宾
语从句中，
也要使用虚拟语气，
其从句中谓语动词的时态用一般
过去
时。如：
I would rather you
didn
’
t hear what I said.
我宁愿你没有听到我说的话。
2
、主语从句中的虚拟语气
少数
“
it is+
< br>形容词
+that+
主语
+sh
ould+
动词原形”
，
其中
should
同样可以省略。常见形容
词有：<
/p>
important,necessary,strange,unusual,curi
ous,remarkable,surprising,desirable,natural
等。
3
、定语从句中的虚拟语气
“
it is(high/about) time that
+
主语
+
动词的过去式，
或者是
“
should+
动
词原形”
。
Time
是先行词
，
that
是引导词
，
其意思是“早该做什么事了”
如：
1
、
It
is high time that you went to school.=it is high
time that you should go to
school.
你该上学了。
2
、
It is about
time that you picked up your daughter at school.=
It is about time that you
should pick
up your daughter at
school.
你该去学校接你女儿了。
熟练掌握强调句型：句型结构是：
it is/was+
被强调部分
+that/who+
句子原有部
分
。在强调
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