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非谓语动词用法归纳
主动
1. doing
用在要求动词后；进行；伴
随；
性质；
特点；
概括；
抽象；
一般
3. having done
有
先后动作表完成
(
一
般用在句首
)
5. to do
用在要求动词后；目的；
将来；具体
7. to have done
在要求动词后表完成
的动作
(
一般用在句中
)
被动
2. being
done
正在进行的被动
4.
having been done
用于句首；要求
动词后（有
过去时间或过去动作）
6. to be
done
将来的被动
8. to
have been done
用在要求动词后
（有过去时间或
过去动作）
9.
done
被动；
完成
（一般或普遍时间）
一、表格的用法
1.
doing
的用法
（
1
）
在要求动词后
（作宾语）
：
avoid
避免
app
reciate
感激
/
欣赏
acknowledge
承认
/
自认
admit
承认
ad
vocate
提倡
/
主张
consider
考虑
can't
help
不禁
can't stan
d
受不了
contemplate
细想
complete
完成
confess
坦白
dislike
不
喜欢，讨厌
deserve
值得
delay
延迟
deny
否认
dread
可怕
defer
拖延
detest
嫌恶
enjoy
享有
/
喜爱
envy
嫉妒
endure
忍受
excuse
借口<
/p>
escape
逃跑
/
逃避
finish
完成
forgi
ve
原谅
fancy
幻想
/
爱好
favor
造成
/
偏爱
figure
< br>描绘
/
计算
hate
讨厌
imagine
设想
involve
卷入
/
包含
keep
保持
miss
错过
mention
说到
/
讲到
mind
介意
pa
rdon
原谅
/
饶恕
< br>permit
允许
postpone
推迟
practice
实行
/
实践
prevent
阻止
quit
放弃停止
risk
冒险
recall
回想
resist
抵抗
/
阻止
resume
恢复
repent
悔悟
resent
< br>怨恨
stand
坚持
/
忍受
suggest
建议
save
营救
/
储蓄
tolerate
忍受
worth
值得
You
should try to avoid making mistakes.
The book is worth reading.
The book
deserves reading.
（
2
）表进行
Walking on the grassland, I saw a
snake.=When I was walking on the
grassland, I saw a snake.
The man speaking English is Tom. = The man who is
speaking English is
Tom.
（
3
）表主动
The man speaking English is Tom = The
man who speaks English is Tom.
= The
man who spoke English is Tom.
Nobody
dinks boiling water but boiled water.= Nobody
dinks water that
is boiling but the
water that has boiled.
（
4
）表伴随
I stand outside waiting for Mr. Chen.
I lie in bed reading a novel.
（
5
）表性质；特点
The film is very moving.
She
is
understanding,
so
you
had
better
discuss
your
business
with
her.
（
6
）概括性
,
一般性
Climbing mountain is very interesting.
Driving a car during the rush hour is t
iring
．在高峰时刻开车令人厌
烦。
(
概括性
,
一般性
< br>)
Our work is serving the
people
．
（
< br>7
）
动名词的逻辑主语为；①人称代词的所有格
+
动名词；②名词
's+
动名词。
例如：
Tom
insisted on my going with
them
．他坚持要我和他们一起去。
He dislikes his wife's working
late
．他不喜欢他妻子工作得很晚。
2. being
done
表示正在进行的被动
The
boy being criticized by Mr. Chen is Tom. = The boy
who is being
criticized by Mr. Chen is
Tom.
Being
criticized
by
Mr.
Chen,
the
boy
felt
sad.
=
When
the
boy
was
being
criticized by Mr.
Chen, he felt sad.
The building being
built will be the tallest one in this city.
=
The
building
that
is
being
built
will
be
the
tallest
one
in
this
city.
3. having done
有先后动作表完成
(
一般用在句首
)
Having
finished
the
class,
I
went
home.
=
After
I
had
finished
the
class,
I went
home.
Having done the work, I had a
short rest. = After I had done the work,
I had a short rest.
Having
done the work, I went back home.
Having
been done, the work was checked by the leaders.
4. having been done
用于句首；有先后动
作表完成有先后动作表完成
,
（有过
去
时间或过去动作）
I appreciate having
been given the opportunity to study abroad two
years ago.
(
要求动词后
)
=I
appreciate that I was given the opportunity to
study abroad two
years ago.
Having been given the opportunity to
study abroad two years ago, I
still
appreciate your help then.
= Because I
was given the opportunity to study abroad two
years ago,
I still appreciate your help
then
I appreciate having been given the
opportunity to study abroad two
years
ago.
I enjoy giving the opportunity to
study abroad to Mr. Wang.
I appreciate
being given the opportunity to study abroad now.
Having
been
finished,
the
report
was
turned
in.=
After
the
report
had
been
finished, it was turned in.
5. to
do
的用法
:
(1)
用在要求动词后
:
接
to
do
的动词（作宾语）
attemp
t
企图
afford
负担得起
arrange
安排
appear
似乎，
显得
ask
问
agree
同意
believe
认
为、相信
begin
开始
beg
请求
bother
扰乱
/
烦恼
care
关心，
喜欢
choose
选择
claim
要求
consent
同意，
赞同
cont
rive
设法，
图谋
demand
要求
destine
注定
determine
决定
dread
害怕
desire
愿望
decide
决定
enable
能够
expect
期望
endeavor
努力
fail
不能
hate
憎恨
/
厌恶
happen
碰
巧
hesitate
犹豫
hope
希望
intend
想要
incline
有…倾向
long
渴望
love
爱
learn
学习
mean
意欲，
打算
manage
设法
neglect
忽视
need
需要
omit
忽略，
漏
offer
提供
pretend
假装
plan
计划
prefer
喜欢
/
宁愿
prepare
准备
profess
表明
promise
承诺
/
允许
propose
提议
refuse
拒绝
swear
宣誓
start
开始
seek
找
/
寻觅
try
试图<
/p>
undertake
承接
volunteer
志愿
vow
起
wish
希望
want
想要
(2)
表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作
(
做表语
)
。
Our work is to serve the
people
．
The
person to do the job is Tom. = The person who will
do the job is
Tom.
To do two
things at a time is to do
neither
．一次做两件事等于未做。
What I would suggest is to start work
at once.
我的建议是立刻开始干。
< br>如果主语是不定式（表示条件）
，表语也是不定式（表示结果）
< br>。
To see is to
believe.
百闻不如一见。
To work means to earn a
living
．工作就是为了生活。
如果主语是以
aim
，
duty
，
hope
，
ide
a
，
happiness
，
job
，
plan
，
problem
，
purpose
，
thing
，
wi
sh
等为中心的名词，或以
what
引
导的名词性从句，不
定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in
the near future
．他的希望是
在不远的将来买
一辆豪华轿车。
The function of
Louis Sullivan's architecture was to provide large
uninterrupted
floor
areas
and
to
allow
ample
light
into
the
interior.
The most important
thing is to negotiate with them about the future
of the plant
．
省
to
的动词不定式
1
）
情态动词
(
除
ought
外，
ought
to)
：
2
）
使役动词
let, have, make
< br>；在被动语态中则
to
不能省掉。
The boss made them
work
the whole night. = They were made
to work
the whole
night.
3
）
感官动词
see,
watch,
look
at,
notice
,
observe,
hear,
listen
to,
smell,
feel, find
等后作宾补，省略
to
。在被动
语态中则
to
不能省掉。
I saw
him
dance
. = he was seen to
dance.
注：感官动词还可以接现在分词，表
示一个（短暂）动作正在进行；
不定式则表示动作的整个过程。
I saw him
dance.
（整个跳舞的过程）
I saw him
dancing.
（我看见他时，他正在跳舞。强调动作正在发生）
A
cook will be immediately fired if he is found
________ in the
kitchen.
A.
smoke
B
.
smoking C. to smoke
D. smoked
find sb. doing
sth
意为“发现某人正在做某事”。
4
）
表示个人意愿或倾向的
would
rather
，
had
better
，
might(just) as
well
：
rather
than
置于句首时。
Rather than
ride
on a
crowded bus, he always prefers to ride a
bike.
If
you
are
planning
to
spend
your
money
having
fun
this
week,
better
________ it
—you’ve got some
big bills coming.
A
.
forget
B.
forgot
C.
forgetting
D. to
forget
5
）
why… / why not…
6
）
help
可带
to
，也可不带
to,
help sb (to) do sth
：
7
）
but
和
except
：
but
前是动词
do
时，后面出现的动词用不带
to
的
动词不定式；是其他动词时，则要带
to
。
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