最新杭州学军中学高二英语新题型概要写作(summary)

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杭州学军中学高二英语新题型写作

summary-----1

I

：

What is a summary?

A summary is a brief

restatement

of the

essential

thought of a longer composition. It

reproduces

the

theme

of the original with as few words as possible.

II

：

Tips on summary writing

While reading

1.

Is the passage a

narration, exposition, argumentation or a description

?

2.

Are there any topic sentences or key words? If so, underline them and paraphrase them.

While writing

1. Structure

1) Topic sentences

2) Main supporting points/evidence

3) About 60 words

2. Language

1) To use your own words*

2) To be

concise

(

leave out

the details;

reduce

the examples;

simplify

the descriptions;

eliminate

all repetitions. )

3) To present the information fairly,

do not give your own comments

4) To use the third person to retell

5) Tenses (narration often in the past tense)

文体类型一：议论文

论据和结论，

因此写议论文 的概要主要是找出主题句

（

the topic senten ces)

、

支撑句

（

< br>supporting sentences

）和结论句（

conclusion sentences)

。其中最主要的是找准主题句。

概要模板：论点＋论据（＋结论）

Getting

rid

of

dirt,

in

the

opinion

of

most

people,

is

a

good

thing.

However,

there

is

nothing

fixed

about

attitudes to dirt.

In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical

opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was,

thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the

king of England in began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly

way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king

ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.

Though

the

belief

in

the

merit(

好处

)

of

dirt

was

long-lived,

dirt

has

no

longer

been

regarded

as

a

nice

neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water

supply

and

hand

washing

are

practical

means

of preventing

disease. Yet,

it

seems

that

standards of

cleanliness

have moved beyond science since World War II. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter

than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?

Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first time parents nervously try to warn their children

off

touching

dirt,

which

might

be

responsible

for

the

spread

of

disease.

On

the

contrary,

Mary

Ruebush,

an

American

immunologist

(

免疫学家

),

encourages

children

to

play

in

the

dirt

to

build

up

a

strong

immune

system(

免疫系统

). And the latter position is gaining some ground. (302 words)

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杭州学军中学高二英语新题型写作

summary-----2

Showering Helps Brain

TAKING a shower is relaxing. You can

hum

a song, daydream or think about nothing, leaving the real world

behind you. But did you know that showering can also benefit your mind?

A piece of research by Scott Barry Kaufman, a psychologist from Yale University in the US interviewed over

3,000 people around the world.

It turned out that

nearly two-thirds of the interviewees said they had experienced

new ideas in the shower and were more likely to have them in the shower than at work.

So why does a simple shower have such magic power? Science can explain it.

Showering can help to raise our level of dopamine (

多巴胺

), a hormone (

荷尔蒙

) closely related to our

creativity. “People vary

in terms of

their level of creativity according to the activity of dopamine”, explained

Alice Flaherty, a renowned American neuroscientist (

神经系统科学家

). “Taking a warm shower can make us feel

relaxed and therefore make the dopamine level rise and bring the ‘Aha!’ moment

to us.”

Besides the chemical changes, showering may give you a break from what you feel you have been stuck with.

Especially when you have thought hard all day about a problem, jumping into the shower can keep you from the

outside world so that you can focus on your inner feelings and memories. In this way, according to American

psychologist Shelley H. Carson, author of Your Creative Brain, “a showering hour may turn into an ‘incubation

(

孵化

) period’ for your ideas”.

Compared with sitting in front of a computer, taking a shower is something we do less frequently in our daily

lives. When showering, we get a fresh experience with the change of location, temperature and humidity. “New

and unexpected experiences can lead to positive changes in thinking,“ explain

ed K

aufman. “Getting off the couch

and jumping in the shower may create a distance and force you to think from a new point of view”.

Showering allows us to enjoy the creative juices of our minds, which makes the bathroom an alternative

where you get your inspiration. So next time you consider ways to free your mind, count it in.

A brief outline:

Para 1-2

：

Para 3

：

Para 4

Para 5

Para 6

Para 7:

Summary

< br>：

（

40---80 words

）

(

不得使用原句

)

（不得发表自己观点）

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