-
English Grammar
Meaning:
English
grammar
is the body of rules that
describe the structure of
expressions
in
the
English
language
. This includes the structure
of
words
,
phrases
,
clauses
, and
sentences
.
Content:
1.
Basic English
Grammar
Basic English Grammar
A. General terms:
1.
morphology
词法
2. syntax
句法
3. word
单词
4. phrase
词组
5. sentence
句子
6. clause
从句
7. main clause
主句
8. part of speech
词性
9. structure
结构
B. Tenses
时态
1. past future tense
过去将来时
: would do
2. past future continuous tense
过去将来进行时
: would be doing
3. past future perfect tense
过去将来完成时
: would have done
4. present simple tense
一般现在时
: do (does)
5. past simple tense
一般过去时
: did
6.
future simple tense
一般将来时
:
will do
7. present perfect tense
现在完成时
: have done
8. past perfect tense
过去完成时
: had done
9. future perfect tense
将来完成时
: will have done
10. present continuous tense
现在进行时
: is (am, are) doing
11. past continuous tense
过去进行时
: was (were) doing
12. future continuous tense
将来进行时
: will be doing
13. past future continuous tense
过去将来进行时
: would be doing
14. present perfect continuous tense
现在完成进行时
: have been doing
15. past perfect continuous tense
过去完成进行时
: had been doing
C. Part of speech
词性
1. noun
名词
:
（
Nouns are naming words,noun
names a
person,place,thing,idea
）
proper noun
专有名词
,
common noun
普通名词
, countable
noun
可数名词
, uncountable noun
不
可
数
名
词
, abstract noun
抽
象
名
词
,
concrete noun
具
体
名
词
, material noun
物
质
名
词
,
collective noun
集体名词
ve (describe or modify nouns)
3.
verb
动词
: (Verbs show
action,the state of being)
transitive
verb
及物动词
, intransitive
verb
不及物动词
, linking
verb
系动词
,
auxiliary
verb
助动
词
, modal
verb
情态动词
, regular
verb
规则动词
, irregular
verb
不规则动词
, phrasal
verb
短语动
词
4. preposition
介词
(show position and how
things go together) 6.
conjunction
连词
(are joining
words ,phrases
,or sentences) 7. adverb
副词
(tell about adj. v. adv.)
5. pronoun
代词
(take
the place of nouns)
personal pronoun
人
称
代
词
, possessive pronoun
物
主
代
词
, reflexive pr
onoun
反
身
代
词
, demonstrative
pronoun
指示代词
, interrogative
pronoun
疑问代词
, relative
pronoun
关系代
词
,
indefinite pronoun
不定代词
(all, each, every, both, either,
neither, one, none, little, few, many, much,
other, another, some, any,
no)
F. Elements of
sentences
句子成分
1.
subject
主语
2.
predicate
谓语
3.
object
宾语
4. dual
object
双宾语
5. direct
object
直接宾
语
6.
indirect object
间
接
宾
语
7. complex object
复
合
宾
语
8. complement
补
语
9.
subject complement
主补
10.
object complement
宾补
11.
predicative
表语
12.
attribute
定
语
13.
appositive
同位语
14.
adverbial
状语
G. Subordinate
clause
从属句
1.
nominal clause
名
词
从
句
2. attributive clause
定
语
从
句
3. object clause
宾
语
从
句
5. subject
clause
主语从句
6. appositive
clause
同位语从句
adverbial
clause
状语从句
10. adverbial
clause of time
时间状语从句
11. adverbial clause of
place
地点状语从句
Examples:
Proper
grammar use
1.
subject / verb agreement: must have
both in a sentence; subject and verb must agree in
terms
of quality and tense. Here is an
example of what not to do: Three students sits in
the hallway.
So
the
verb
must
indicate
the
subject(three
students),
the
verb
“
sits
”
is
wrong,
it
should
be
either
sit or sat, depending in the meaning you want to
convey. The verb
“
sits
”
should only be
used for a singular
subject. For example:
“
John
sits in the hallway
”
is
correct.
2.
Corect sentence structure: adj comes
before the noun it describes. Red car.
3.
Knowing the
parts of speech: You look extremely exquisite.
Summary:
It
seems to be based on a fixed set of concepts,
which govern dozens of
constructions
and thousands of verbs -- not only in English, but
in all other languages
-- fundamental
concepts such as space, time, causation and human
intention, such as,
what is the means
and what is the ends.
I
START TO question the very nature of our thoughts
-
What our language habits
reveal
--
the way
we use words, how we learn, and how we relate to
others…
.
Let me start off
with a technical problem is, which verbs go in
which
constructions? The verb is the
chassis of the sentence. It's the framework onto
which
the other parts are bolted.
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