-
十二属相
中国民间有一个传统习俗,人一出生
,就有一种动物做他的属相。属相,也
叫
“
生肖
”
,是中国民间传统的纪年和计算年龄的方法。
中国古代的纪年法是帝王年号与
“
干支
”
并用,其中
“<
/p>
干支纪年法
”
从史书上有
明文记载的公元前
841
年(庚申年),一直沿用到现
在。
“
干
”
是
“
天干
”
,有
十个字组成,这十个字是:甲、乙、丙、丁、戊、己、庚、辛、壬、癸。
“
支
”
是
“
地支
”
,由十二个字组成,这十
二个字是:子、丑、寅、卯、辰、巳、午、
未、申、酉、戌、亥。把天干的十个字和地支
的十二个字按顺序配合起来,
可以得到
60
种排列,如:甲子、乙丑、丙寅
……
这
60
种排列周而复始,循
环使用,每六十年叫做
“
一个甲子
”
。如公历的
2001
年,是农历的辛巳年,公
历的
2002
年,是农历的壬午年;而六十年后,
< br>2061
年又是辛巳年,
2062
年
又是壬午年。从东汉(
25
——<
/p>
220
)时开始,人们又用鼠、牛、虎、兔、龙、
蛇、马、羊、猴、鸡、狗、猪
12
种动物来配十二地支
,组成了十二生肖,也
叫十二属相。这就是子鼠、丑牛、寅虎、卯兔、辰龙、巳蛇、午马
、未羊、
申猴、酉鸡、戌狗、亥猪。这样,子年是鼠年,丑年是牛年,寅年是虎年
……
于是,每个人一出生,就有一种动物作他的属相。子年出生的属鼠
,丑年出
生的属牛,寅年出生的属虎,以此类推。
现在,中国人在用公历纪年和计算年龄的同时,仍然习惯用属相纪年和推算
年龄。
twelve symbolic animals
it is traditional in China,when a
perpon is born,one animal(shuxiang)is used to
symbolize this ng,also called
shengxiao(any ofthe 12 animals
representing the Earthly Branches),is a
traditional way in China to number the
years and to record a person's age.
The ancient Chinese people invented the
method to designate the years by the
Heavenly Stems consist of the
characters:jia,yi,bing,ding,wu,ji,geng,xin,ren,and
the Earthly Branches are composed of
12
characters:zi,shu,yin,mao,chen,si,wu
,wei,shen,you,xu,ing each of the
10
Heavenly Stems with one of the 12 Earthly Branches
in sequence creates 60
chronological
example jiazi,yichou,bingyin, 60 symbols are
used in circles and thus each year has
a chronological example,2001
corresponds to xinsi,2002 to renwu in
the lunar calendar;after 60 years,2061,once
again,corresponds to xinsi,and 2062,to
,people used 12 animalsto
correspond to
the 12 Earthly Branches,forming the
12Symbolic Animals,namely
Earthly Branch One Rat,Earthly Branch
Two Ox,Earthly Branch Three
Tiger,Earthly Branch Four
Rabbit,Earthly Branch Five Dragon,Earthly Branch
Six
Snake,Earthly Branch Seven
Horse,Earthly Branch Eight Sheep,Earthly Branch
Nine Monkey,Earthly Branch Ten
Rooster,Earthly Branch Eleven Dog,Earthly
Branch Twelve the zi year is the Year
of the Rat,and the chou Year is the
year of the Ox,and the yin Year is the
Year of the Year of
Tiger,ore,when a
person is born,he has an animal as his aymbolic
year 2002 was a renwu year under lunar
calendar,also the year of
Horse,and so
children born in this yea are all Horse babies.
Even though the Chinese people now
number the years and their age under the
Gregorian calendar,the still continue
to use the symbolic long as
people
know a person' probable age and his symbolic
animao,people can infer his
exact age
and year of birth.
小孩儿满月与抓周
在中国,小孩儿的满月酒和抓周仪式独具特色。在孩子的成长过程中,这两
个仪
式有里程碑式的纪念意义。
小孩儿出生满一个月的那天,孩子
的家人一般要招呼亲朋挚友,邀请他们一
起来庆祝孩子满月。按照中国的传统,这一天,
家里会充满了喜庆和节日的
氛围,满月就要办得热热闹闹才行。不过最近这些年,这个习
俗在城市尤其
是年轻夫妇中有逐渐被淡化的趋势。但是,小孩儿满月对于每个家庭来说,
仍然是一个非常值得纪念的高兴的日子。
“
抓周儿
”
中的
< br>“
周
”
是小孩儿满一周岁的意思
。
关于
“
抓周儿
”
,
最早记载于北齐。
“
抓周儿
”
也就是在小孩儿满周岁那天,吃中午的长
寿面之前,摆上经书、笔、
墨、纸、砚、算盘、钱币、账册、首饰、花朵、胭脂、吃食、
玩具等,如果
是女孩儿则要加摆铲子、勺子(炊具)、剪子、尺子(缝纫用具)、绣线、
花样子(刺绣用具),再由大人将小孩抱来,令其端坐,父母及他人不给予
任何的引导或暗示,任孩子随意挑选,看他先抓什么,后抓什么,并以此为
依
据来预测孩子可能存在的志趣和将从事的职业以及前途。
One-Month-Old Feast and One-Year-Old
Catch(zhuazhou) of babies
In China,One-Month-Old Feast and One-
Year-Old Catch of a baby are of unique
Chinese two ceremonies are milestone-
like significance in
the growing
process of a baby.
On the
day when a baby is a month old,the family of the
baby will invite their
friends and
relatives to a ceremony to celebrate the a
traditional
One-Month-Old
Ceremony,there will be a rejoicing and
festive atmosphere in the
family and the feast is supposed to be
lively and r,in recent years
this
custom has been gradually abandoned among young
heless,One-Month-Old Feast still
remains a memorable and happy
moment
for every family.
Zhou in
the word zhuazhou means
record about
zhuazhou appearde during the Dynasty of Northern
the day
when ababy is a year old , the
family
of the baby will lay out
sutras,brush
pens,ink sticks,paper,ink
slabs,abacus,copper coins,account
books
,jewelries,flowers,rouges,foods,toys,
g
irls,scoops,scissors,rulers,thread,scissor-cut
will be parents then put
the baby in
front of these articles and make it sit will give
and
instruction or cue to the baby so
that it is left free to choose by ng the
baby catch the articles it likes,the
family can then make predictions about its
potential interests,future career and
development.
婚礼
结婚是人生中的一件大事。传统的中式婚礼古朴而又热闹,隆
重、喜庆并且
礼节周全,场面的铺陈颇具特色,不过在现代,尤其是在城市里,已经很少
见了。
花轿是传统婚礼的核心内容之
一。结婚时,新娘要坐在花轿里从娘家被抬到
男方家中。花轿一般分四人抬,八人抬两种
,又有
“
龙轿
”“
凤轿
”
之分。除去
轿夫之外,还有
持笙锣、伞、扇等的随行人员,一般的轿队少则十几人,多
则几十人,很是壮观。传统的
中式婚礼中,新娘要蒙着红盖头,在伴娘的伴
随下,由新郎手持的大红绸牵着,慢慢地登
上花轿。在新娘成花轿去往男方
家里的途中,
颠花轿是必不可少
的热闹场面。
轿夫一起左摇右摆使花轿不稳,
新娘坐在里面也是
左摇右晃。有的时候,新郎甚至不得不代替新娘或者和新
娘一起向众人抱拳施礼求饶,而
这个时候,众人欢笑不止,实际上是为了增
添新人成婚之日的喜庆气氛。
中式传统婚礼的最重要的部分便是拜堂成亲。新人走到天地桌前,上面摆放<
/p>
有装满粮食的斗,斗的四周写上
“
金玉满
斗
”
四个大字,以红纸封口,斗内四
角
放若干硬币,以供拜完天地后看热闹的亲朋好友掏出来求取吉利之意。斗
中要插一柏枝,
枝上缀有铜钱,这个柏枝便被称作
“
摇钱树
”
。斗旁放一杆秤、
一面镜、织布机杼、一灯或一蜡烛。新
郎在右,新娘在左,并肩站在天地桌
前,执事人高声喊道:
“<
/p>
一拜天地,二拜高堂,夫妻对拜
”
。民间
的说法认为,
男女只有在拜过天地后才能算作是正式夫妻,因此对这个拜堂的仪式非常重
视。还有民间习俗有这样有趣的研究,即如果新郎在结婚的当天因故不能拜
天地,就让他的姐妹抱只公鸡来代替。
坐完花轿、
拜完天地、接下来新人要入洞房了。洞房是一直延续下来的叫法,
新人入了洞房以后,按
照习俗,新郎新娘的同辈亲友聚集在洞房里,对新郎
新娘开一些充满暗示的玩笑。这时即
便过头一点,新郎新娘也不会生气,而
是想办法巧妙化解,因为亲朋好友闹洞房图的是高
兴和热闹。
Wedding
Marriage is the most important thing in
the China, a traditional wedding is
simple and lively,ceremonious,and are
some unique features in this
ceremony,but in
modern
society,especially in the city ,it is hardly seen
any more.
The bridal sedan is the core
of the traditional wedding,the bride should
sit in the sedan, then be lifted from
her mother's home to her husband'
lly,there are two kinds of sedan,that
is ,four-lifter and eight-lifter,also
divided into
hold
gongs,umbrellas,fans and so on,besides lifters,In
group,there are more than
ten people at
least,and the occasion is very a traditional
weddin,accompanied with a bridesmaid,
the bride wearing a red veil and
led
along by the bridesgroom who holds a
red silk in his hand,enters the bridal
the way to the husband's home,lifters jolt the
sedan as it is necessary in a
joyful s
swing the sedan from left to right,causing the
bride to sit
unsteadily times the
bridegroom has to substitute for his bride or beg
to everyone else,while,all laugh to
adding to the jubilance.
The wedding ceremony is the most
important part of a traditional Chinese
wedding. The newlyweds go to the table
for heaven and earth where there is a
dou(a kind of basket)full of dou is
written with red are
many coins placed
in the four corners of the dou to provide
the
the is a cypress branch,called
with copper s,one steelyard ,a mirror
,a loom,alamp or a candle
are
also
placed near the ards,
the groom stand on the left side,the bride
right by his side,while the director
prompts,
earth;second bow to the
parents;third bow to each other
saying,
they will not be the formal couple until bowing to
the heaven and
a result,people pay a
great attention to this interesting custom is
that
if the groom cannot come to this
ceremony,he should ask his sister to hold a cock
instead.
After
taking the bridal sedan,bowing to the heaven,it's
time for the newlyweds to
go to the
bridal ing to custom,their relatives and friends
get
together in the bridal chamber to
banter the newly this time,the
newlyweds will never get angry enven if
the teasing games are a bit
outrageous,but will try to skillfully
dissolve since the relatives and friends intend
to delight them.
旗袍与中国传统服饰
旗袍源自清代满
族女性服饰,被誉为中国传统服饰文化的典范。它不仅在整
体造型的风格方面符合中国文
化和谐的特点,而且它的装饰手法也展现着浓
厚的东方特质。另外,穿旗袍可以增加形体
的修长感,配上中高跟鞋,更可
以抬升人体的重心,将东方女性的端庄、典雅和含蓄的美
展露出来。因此旗
袍在中国民族服装中独领风骚,久盛而不衰。
中国男子的传统服饰比较有代表性的为长袍、马褂,长袍和马褂都是满族男
子的服装,盘领、窄袖,马褂是对襟,大都有马蹄袖,长袍为大襟。也有马
褂
、长袍相连的两部形式,这种形式的长袍只有下半截,连扣在马褂的内下
摆。长袍马褂给
人的感觉是既不乏庄重,又显得洒脱和舒适。
2001
年
APEC
会议各国元首穿着
“
唐装
”
集体亮相,掀起了一
股以穿
“
唐装
”
为
时尚的风潮。将
“
唐装
”
作为中式服装的通称,主要因为国外都称华人居住的
地方为
“
唐人街
”
,所以
“
唐人
”
作为中式服装的通称,主要是因为国外都称华
人居住的地方为
“
唐人街
”
,
所以
“
唐人
”
穿的衣服自然就叫做
“
唐装
”
了。
当今的
“
唐装
”
是由清代的马褂演变而来的,它的款式结构有四大特点:
一是立领,
上衣前中心开口,立式领型;二是连袖,即袖子和衣服整体没有接缝,以平<
/p>
面裁剪为主;三是对襟,也可以是斜襟;四是直角扣,也就是盘扣;另外从
面料来说,则主要使用织锦缎面料等。
另外,中国不
动地域和不同民族的服饰也各有特色。比如,肚兜就是关中和
陕北的传统的贴身服饰,肚
兜的形状就像背心的前襟,上面用布带系在脖颈
上,下面两边各有一条带子系在腰间,它
可以避免肚子受凉,夏天时儿童穿
在外面也显得天真烂漫。在儿童穿的肚兜上尝尝绣有虎
头像和
“
五毒
”
图案,
给予了大人希望孩子健康成长的美好祝愿。再比如,中国少数民族彝族的服
p>
饰也很有特点。彝族妇女的头饰大致有缠头、包帕、绣花帽三类,其中红河
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