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校训：耐劳苦、尚俭朴、勤学业、爱国家
重庆大学研究生试卷（
2011
版）
第
1
页
共
4
页
重庆大学全日制专业硕士研究生
《英
语》课程试卷
(B
类
)
2014~2015
学年
第
一
学期（秋）
开课学院：
外国语学院
课程编号：
G0401A
考试日期：
2015.01.10
考试方式：
考试时间：
120
分钟
题
笔试
笔试
口
试
平时
书面
课
堂
上课
号
一
二
三
四
成绩
计分
成绩
小计
作业
表现
考勤
课程
50%
20%
30%
(10)
(10)
(10)
成绩
得
分
硕士生
B
类答题纸
英语班次：
_______________
Answer
Sheet
Part I.
Reading
Comprehension ( 40 points, 1-10
20points; 11-20 20points)
1. (
)
2. (
)
3. (
)
4. (
)
5. (
)
6.
(
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7. (
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8. (
)
9. (
)
10. (
)
11. (
)
12.
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)
13. (
)
14.
(
)
15. (
)
16.
(
)
17. (
)
18. (
)
19. (
)
20. (
)
Part II.
Translation from English to
Chinese ( 20 points)
Part III.
Translation from Chinese to
English ( 20 points )
命
Part IV
.
Writing ( 20 points)
题
(Please write your
composition on the reverse side.
请写在背面
)
（
组
题
重庆大学硕士研究生《英语
》课程试卷
）
人
2014
～
2015
学年
第
一
学期
：
硕士生
B
类
李
Part I.
Reading
Comprehension
（
40
points
）
雁
Directions
:
Read
the
following
passages
carefully
and
then
select
the
best
answer
from
the
four
choices given to answer
the questions or to complete the statements that
follow each passage. Write
your answer on your Answer
Sheet.
审
题
Passage One
人
：
黄
萍
命
As
a wise man once said, we are all ultimately alone.
But an increasing number of Europeans are
choosing to be so at an ever earlier
age. This isn
’
t the stuff of
gloomy philosophical contemplations, but a
fact
of
Europe
’
s
new
economic
landscape,
embraced
by
sociologists,
real-estate
developers
and
ad
executives
alike. The shift away from family life to solo
lifestyle, observes a French sociologist, is part
of
the
irresistible
momentum
of
individualism
over
the
last
century.
The
communications
revolution,
the
shift
from
a
business
culture
of
stability
to
one
of
mobility
and
the
mass
entry
of
women
into
the
workforce have greatly wreaked havoc on
Europeans
’
private lives.
Europe
’
s
new
economic
climate
has
largely
fostered
the
trend
toward
independence.
The
current
generation of home-
aloners came of age during
Europe
’
s shift from social
democracy to the sharper, more
individualistic
climate
of
American
style
capitalism.
Raised
in
an
era
of
privatization
and
increased
consumer choice,
today
’
s tech-savvy workers
have embraced a free market in love as well as
economics.
Modern Europeans are rich
enough to afford to live alone, and
temperamentally independent enough to
want to do so.
Once
upon
a
time,
people
who
lived
alone
tended
to
be
those
on
either
side
of
marriage
—
twenty
something professionals or widowed
senior citizens. While pensioners, particularly
elderly women, make
up a large
proportion of those living alone, the newest crop
of singles are high earners in their 30s and 40s
who increasingly view living alone as a
lifestyle choice. Living alone was conceived to be
negative
—
dark
and
cold, while being together suggested warmth and
light. But then came along the idea of singles.
They
were young, beautiful, strong!
Now, young people want to live alone.
The
booming
economy
means
people
are
working
harder
than
ever.
And
that
doesn
’
t
leave
much
room
for relationships. Pimpi Arroyo, a 35-year-old
composer who lives alone in a house in Paris, says
he
hasn
’
t got
time to get lonely because has too much work.
“
I have deadlines which
would make life with
someone
else
fairly
difficult
”
.
Only
an
Ideal
Woman
would
make
him
change
his
lifestyle,
he
says.
Kaufmann, author of a
recent book called
“
The Sing
le Woman and Prince
Charming
”
, thinks this
fierce
new individualism means that
people expect more and more of mates, so
relationships don
’
t last
long
—
if
they
start at all. Eppendorf, a blond Berliner with a
deep tan, teaches grade school in the mornings. In
the
afternoon she sunbathes or sleeps,
resting up for going dancing. Just shy of 50, she
says she
’
d never have
wanted to do what her mother
did
—
give up a career to
raise a family. Instead,
“
I
’
ve
always done what I
wanted to do: live a
self-determined life
”
.
1.
More and more young Europeans remain
single because
A. they are driven by an
overwhelming sense of individualism.
B.
they have entered the workforce at a much earlier
age.
C. they have embraced a business
culture of stability.
D. they are
pessimistic about their economic future.
2.
What is said
about European society in the passage?
A. It has fostered the trend towards
small families.
B. It is
getting closer to American-style capitalism.
C. It has limited consumer
choice despite a free market.
D. It is
being threatened by irresistible privatization.
3.
According to Paragraph 3, the newest
group of singles are
A. warm and
lighthearted.
B. on either
side of marriage.
C. negative and
gloomy.
D. healthy and wealthy.
4.
The author quotes Eppendorf to show
that
密
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校训：耐劳苦、尚俭朴、勤学业、爱国家
重庆大学研究生试卷（
2011
版）
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A. some modern
women prefer a life of individual freedom.
B. the family is no longer the basic
unit of society in present-day Europe.
C. some professional people have too
much work to do to feel lonely.
D. Most Europeans conceive living a
single life as unacceptable.
5.
What is the
author
’
s purpose in writing
the passage?
A. To review the impact of
women becoming high earners.
B. To contemplate the philosophy
underlying individualism.
C. To examine
the trend of young people living alone.
D. To stress the rebuilding
of personal relationships.
Passage Two
American dramas and sitcoms
would have been candidates for prime time several
years ago. But
those
programs
－
though
some
remain
popular
－
increasingly
occupy
fringe
times
slots
on
foreign
networks. Instead, a
growing number of shows produced by local
broadcasters are on the air at the best
times.
The
shift counters longstanding assumptions that TV
shows produced in the United States would
continue to overshadow locally produced
shows from Singapore to Sicily. The changes are
coming at a
time when the influence of
the United States on international affairs has
annoyed friends and foes alike,
and
some people are expressing relief that at least on
television American culture is no longer quite the
force it once was.
“There
has
always
been
a
concern
that
the
image
of
the
world
would
be
shaped
too
much
by
American
culture,”
said
Dr.
Jo
Groebek,
director
general
of
the
European
Institu
te
for
the
Media,
a
non-profit group. Given the choice, he
adds, foreign viewers often prefer homegrown shows
that better
reflect local tastes,
cultures and historical events.
Unlike in the United States, commercial
broadcasting in most regions of the world
－
including
Asia,
Europe,
and
a
lesser
extent
Latin
America,
which
has
a
long
history
of
commercial
TV
－
is
a
relatively recent development.
A majority of
broadcasters in many countries were either state-
owned or state-subsidized for much
of
the
last
century.
Governments
began
to
relax
their
control
in
the
1980’s
by
privatizing
national
broadcasters and granting licenses to
dozens of
new commercial
networks
. The rise of cable and
satellite
pay-television increased the
spectrum of channels.
Relatively
inexperienced
and
often
financed
on
a
shoestring
,
these
new
commercial
stations
needed hours of
programming fast. The cheapest and easiest way to
fill airtime was to buy shows from
American studios, and the bidding wars
for popular shows were fierce.
The
big
American
studios
took
advantage
of
that
demand
by
raising
prices
and
forcing
foreign
broadcasters to buy less popular
programs if they wanted access to the best-selling
shows and movies.
“The
studio
priced
themselves
out
of
prime
time,”
said
Harry
Evans
Sloan,
chairman
of
SBS
Broadcasting,
a
Pan-European
broadcaster.
Mr.
Sloan
estimates
that
over
the
last
decade,
the
price
of
American programs has
increased fivefold even as the international
ratings for these shows have declined.
American broadcasters are
still the biggest buyers of American-made
television shows, accounting
for 90% of
the $$25 billion in 2001 sales. But international
sales which totaled $$2.5 billion last year often
make
the
difference
between
a
profit
and
a
loss
on
show.
As
the
pace
of
foreign
sales
slows
－
the
market
is
now
growing
at
5%
a
year,
down
from
the
double-
digit
growth
of
the
1990’s
－
studio
executives are
rethinking production costs.
6. Which of the following best
characterizes the image embodied in American
shows?
A. Self-
contradictory
B. Prejudice-free
C. Culture-loaded
D. Audience-
targeted
7
. The intervention
of governments in the 1980’s resulted in
__________ .
A. the patenting of domination shows
and movies
B.
the emergence of new commercial networks
C. the
promotion of cable and satellite pay-television
D. the intense
competition coming from the outside
8
. The phrase “on a
shoestring” (Para. 6) most probably means
__________.
A. in need of capital
B. after a fashion
C. on second
thoughts
D. in
the interests of themselves
9. The main
reason why American dramas and sitcoms are driven
out of prime time is that ____.
A. they lose
competitiveness
B. they are not market-oriented
C. they are too
much priced
D.
they fall short of audience expectations
10. American studio producers will give
thought to production costs __________.
A.
if they have no access to popular shows
B. because their endeavors
come to no avail
C.
since bidding wars are no longer fierce
D. as
international sales pace slows down
Passage Three
How shops can
exploit people's herd mentality to increase sales
1.
A
TRIP
to
the
supermarket
may
not
seem
like
an
exercise
in
psychological
warfare
—
but
it
is.
Shopkeepers know that filling a store
with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people
feel hungry
and persuades them to buy
more food than they had intended. Stocking the
most expensive products at
eye
level
makes
them
sell
faster
than
cheaper
but
less
visible
competitors.
Now
researchers
are
investigating how “swarm
intelligence” (th
at
is
，
how
ants
，
bees or any social
animal
，
including
humans
，
behave in a crowd)
can be used to influence what people buy.
2.
At
a
recent
conference
on
the
simulation
of
adaptive
behaviour
in
Rome
，
Zeeshan-ul-
hassan
Usmani
，
a
computer scientist from the Florida Institute of
Technology
，
described a new
way to increase
impulse buying using
this phenomenon. Supermarkets already encourage
shoppers to buy things they did
not
realise they wanted: for
instance
，
by placing everyday
items such as milk and eggs at the back of the
store
，
forcing
shoppers
to
walk
past
other
tempting
goods
to
reach
them.
Mr
Usmani
and
Ronaldo
Menezes
，
also of
the Florida Institute of Technology, set out to
enhance this tendency to buy more by
playing on the herd instinct. The idea
is that, if a certain product is seen to be
popular, shoppers are likely
to choose
it too. The challenge is to keep customers
informed about what others are buying.
3.
Enter
smart-cart
technology.
In
Mr
Usmani's
supermarket
every
product
has
a
radio
frequency
identification tag, a sort of barcode
that uses radio waves to transmit
information
，
and every
trolley has a
scanner that reads this
information and relays it to a central computer.
As a customer walks past a shelf of
goods, a screen on the shelf tells him
how many people currently in the shop have chosen
that particular
product. If the number
is high, he is more likely to select it too.
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