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英语中六大从句用法总结
1.
主语从句
1
）主语从句可直接位于主语的位置
，如果从句较长，谓语又较短，可用
it
作形式主语，而将从句
放在句末。
常见的句型有：
*It is a facta pitya questiongood news
that...
*It
seemsappearshappenedhas turned out that...
*It is
clearimportantlikelypossible that...
*It is saidreportedestimatedhas been
proved that...
It is said
that comic books create a connection between
people of the same generation.
It seems that the performance is very
useful.
2)what<
/p>
引导的主语从句表示
“...
的东西时<
/p>
”
，一般不用
it
作形式主语。
What we
lack is experience.
3)what,who,when,why,whether
等词含有各自的
疑问意义，但它们引导的主语从句，都用陈述语序。
How the plan is to be carried out
should be discussed again.
I did know why I felt like crying.
2.
宾语从句
1
）宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词
和某些形容词后。连词
that
常可省略。介词后一般接疑问词
引导的宾语
从句。
in
that(
因为
),except
that(
除了
),but
that(
只是）已构成固定搭配，其他介词后一般不接
that
引导的宾语
从句。
*I promised that I would
change the situation.
*All
this is different from what American young people
would say about friendship.
*He is certain that watching so much
television is not good for children.
*This article is well-written except
that it is a bit too long.
2
）非谓语动词之后的宾语从句
Reading that it
was just a difference in custom, the foreigner
smiled and said nothing.
这个
外国人知道了这只是
风俗的不同后，就笑了笑，没说什么。
On being asked whether he
had any good food in Germany, he answered
”Terrible”.
一问到他在德国是否吃过什
么好菜，他就回答说：
“
糟糕的很
”
。
3)
宾语从句后如有宾补，要用形式宾语
it
来代替，而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。
He has made it clear that he would not
change his mind.
4)
在
think,believe,suppose,e
xpect
等动词后的宾语从句中，
如果谓语是否定的，
一般将否定词移至主句谓语上，
宾语从句则变成肯定形式。
He didn't think that
the money was well spent.
3.
表语从句
表语从句出现在结构为
“
主语
+
系动词
+
表语从句
”
的句子中。
表语从句除可用
that,what,when,why,whether,how
等引导外，还可由
because,as if(though)<
/p>
等引导。不缺其他成分时，用
that
引
导，且不可省略。如主句主语为
reason,
只能用
that
引导表语从句，不可用
because
.
Perhaps the most
important thing to remember is that there is no
one common type of life in America.
The reason why so many people died
there is that there were not enough food supplies.
It looks as if successful
international cultural communication will make the
world smaller.
4.
同位语从句
同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明，
一般用连词
that
引导，
由于先行名词的意义不同，
也可用
whether,who,
when,where,what,why,how
等
引
导
。
常
见
的
先
行
名
词
有
fact,idea,belief,news,
hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,
report,decision.
有时由于谓语较短，
将同<
/p>
位语从句位于谓语之后。
She finally made the
decision that she would join the fashion show.
I had no idea how many
books I could borrow at a time.
The news came that their team had won
the championship.
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5.
定语从句
定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词或代词，
也可以是一个句子。
定语从句通常位于先行词之后，
由
关系代
词或关系副词引导。
*
限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句修饰先行词，对先行词起修饰作用，紧接先行
词之后，无逗号，若省去，原句意思不完整。
引导定语从句的关系代词有
who,whom,whose,which,that
等。
< br>who,whom,whose
用于指人，
whose<
/p>
有时也可指
物，相当于
of
which
；
which
用于指物；
that
既可指人也可指物，但只用于限制性定语从
句中。关系代词除
了引导定语从句，替代先行词外，还在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语等
。
The computers
and cables which make up the Internet are owned by
people and organizations.
Those who live alone or who are sick
may have trouble in getting close to other people.
The girl whose parents died
in an accident is living with her grandmother.
1)
当<
/p>
先
行
词
是
all,anything,everything,something,nothing<
/p>
等
不
定
代
词
或
先
行
词
前
有
first,la
st,any,few,much,some,no,only
以及形容词最高级修饰时
，只能用关系代词
that
引导从句。
That is all that I've heard
from him.
He's
the first person that I'm going to interview this
afternoon.
2)
关系代词的省略
在从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。
关系代词紧跟介词，
作介词宾语时不可用
that
，
只可用
which
或<
/p>
whom
引导从句，
并且不可省略，
但当介词位于宾语从句句末时，
作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用
that
，
也可省略。
This is one of those
things with which we have to put up.
This is one of those things
(whichthat) we have to put up with.
3)
引导定语从句的关系副词有
when,where,why
等。关系副词在从句中作状语，意义
上相当于一个
“
介词
+which”<
/p>
的结构。
Even in comic books where(=in which)
there are no words,the stories are fully expressed
through the drawings.
No
one knows the reason why(=for which) he was so
angry that day.
5.
定语从句
*
非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词，
也可修饰整个主句，
起补充说明作用，
与主句之间有逗号隔开，
若省去，
原句意思不受影响。不可用
t
hat
引导非限制性定语从句。关系词不可省略。
Every object has a
gravitational pull,which is rather like magnetism.
*“
介词
+
whichwhom
whose”
引导的定语从句
“
介词
+whichwhom
whose”
可引导限制性定语
从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句，该结构中介词的选择取决
于从句谓语动词的固定搭配
，或先行词的习惯搭配。
This is the computer on which he spent
all his savings
It is
written by a person with whom we are all familiar.
*as
引导的定语从句
as
引导的定语从句主要用于
“such...as”
及
“the sam
e...as”
的结构中，代替先行词是人或物的名词。
as<
/p>
引导非限
制性定语从句时，代替整个主句，从句可位于主句之前、
之后或中间。
These are
not such problems as can be easily
solved.(as
代替先行词
problems)
As is mentioned above,no
single company or group can control what happens
on the Internet.(as
代替主语
)
6.
状语从句
*
时间状语从句
引导时间状语从句的从属连词和词组有：
1
）
whe
n,whenever,while,as,after,before,since,till,until,
once
等。
We have learnt quite a lot about it
since we came here.
2)as
soon as,hardly(scarcely)...when,no
sooner...than,each(every) time,the
moment,immediately(that)
等。
As soon as I sent an e-mail
message,I received positive responses.
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