-
英语单词词性
词性尾缀其实很多，大家主要记住最常用的
1.
名词后缀
1)-or/er/ess/cr
at/cis:
做某件事情或职业的人或物：
worker,
debtor
2)-acy,
表示
性质，状态，境遇
3)-ance, -e
nce
表示
性质，
状况，
行为，
过程，
总量，
程度”
importance,
diligence,
difference, obedience
4)-ancy, -ency,
表示
性质，
状
态，
行为，
过程
5)-bility,
表示<
/p>
动作，性质，状态
6)-dom,
表示
等级，领域，状态
7)-hood,
表示
资格，身份
,
年纪，状态
8)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, <
/p>
表示
行为的过程，结果，状况
solution, conclusion,
destruction, expression, correction
9)-ism,
表示
制度，
主义，
学说，
信仰，
行为
hero
ism
10)-ity,
表示
性质，状态，程度”
< br>
purity, reality, ability, calamity
11)-ment,
表示
行为，状态，过程，手段及其结果
treatment, movement,
judgment, punishment, argument
12)-ness,
表示
性质，状态，程度
<
/p>
13)-ship,
表示
情况，
性质，
技巧，
技能及身份，
职业”
hardship, membership,
friendship
14)-th,
表示
动作，性质，过程，状态
15)-tude,
表示
性质，状态，程度
海拔
)
16)-ure,
表示
行为，结果
手续
)
，
17-grapy,
表示
??学，写法”
biography, calligraphy, geography
18)-ic, ics,
表示
??学??法
19)-ology,
表示
??学??论”
b
iology, zoology,
technology(
工艺学
)
20)-nomy,
表示
??学??术
生态学<
/p>
)
2.
形容词后缀
(1)
带
有“属性，倾向，相关”的含义
1)-able, -ible, visible, flexible
2)
名词
-ish,
foolish, bookish,
selfish(
注意
accomplish,
vanish)
3)-ive,
active, sensitive, productive
4)-like, manlike, childlike
5)
名词
-ly, manly,
fatherly, scholarly, motherly
6)-some, troublesome,
handsome
7)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful,
truthful
8)-ous, dangerous, generous,
courageous, various
9)-ent, violent
10)-most, foremost, topmost
11)less,
表示否定，
countless, stainless,
wireless
3.
动词后缀
1)-ize, ise,
表示
做成，变成，??化“
modernize, mechanize, democratize,
organize
2)-en,
表示
< br>使成为，引起，使有”
quicken,
weaken, soften, harden
3)-fy,
表示
< br>使??化
,
使成”
beautify, purify,
intensify, signify, simplify
4)-ish,
表示
使，令”
finish, abolish, diminish, establish
5)-ate,
表示“成为??，处理，作用”
separate, operate, indicate
4.
副词后缀
(
形容词
)-ly
：
bad
→
badly
坏地
/
恶劣地，
care
ful
→
carefully
小心地<
/p>
-wis
e(OE)
：
clock
→
clockwise(a./adv.)
顺时针方向的
(
地
);like
→
likewise
同样地
-wards
：
out
→
outwards
向外面
地，
north
→
northward
s
向北方地
?
单词词性判断可以在词义的理解及书写句子方面帮助学生
。
名词有四数：<
/p>
可数与不可数，
单数或复数；
限定与动词
不可忘
。
四数加限定！
一．怎样确定名词：
一般情况下在下列结构中我们可确定所缺空应为名词
◇
1
．
a/an/the +
（
adj.
）
+
名词；
a/the book;
the
rich
the
disabled
the
Smiths
◇
< br>2
．
adj.+
名词；
a big stone; a long river;
interesting books
◇
3
< br>．
adv.+
adj.+
名词；
a very honest boy
◇
4
．
介词
+
名词；
in the room; under construction
◇
5
．
形容词性物主代词
+
名词；
my surprise;
his honesty
◇
6.
数词
+
名词；
five girls;
◇
7
．缺的词在句中为主语，表语，宾语时多为名词。
< br>
They have books.
及时练习
1
：
1
．
There has been
a 30% growth in the ____(
市场
)
for personal computers.
3
．
He has
discovered a lot of ___________
(
发现
) in science .
5
．
I am sorry that
I can’t attend the
__________(
讲座
) on American
history .
6
．
She
started as a successful merchant but ended up as a
__________
（乞丐）
.
7
．
There was a
surprised
_____________
（表情）
on her face
.
8
．
Our city has
experienced great
___________
（变化）
in the past
few years
9
．
Please give my
_________(
祝贺
)when you see
her .
took a deep
_____________ (
呼吸
)and then
dived into the water.
was unable to
give police a
______________(
描述
)of his
attack .
car was a
____________(
廉价货
)at the
price.
动词
→
名词
练习：
achieve
add
argue
arrive
respond
retire
rude
save
sail
sell
1. market 3
discoveries e 6 beggar 7. expression 8
changes 9. congratulations 10. breath 11.
description
12. bargain
及时练习
2
：指出下列文中的名词：
In the early 1990s, the word
“Internet”
was strange to
most people. But today, Internet has
become a useful tool for people all
over the world. Maybe Internet has been the
greatest invention
in the field of
communication in the history of
mankind
（人类）
.
Communicating with others on the
Internet is much faster. We can chat with a person
who is
sitting in the other part of the
world. We can e-mail our friends and they can read
the e-mails
within a minute.
Giving all kinds of information is
probably the biggest advantage of the Internet. We
can use
search engines to find the
information we need. Just type in a keyword or
keywords and the search
engine will
give us a list of suitable websites to look at.
We can enjoy a lot on the Internet by
downloading games, visiting chat rooms or surfing
（浏
览）
websites.
There are some games for free. We can meet new and
interesting people in the chat
now. We
can also listen to music and see films.
二．怎样确定名词的单数或复数；可数或不可数
§
确定名词单数或复数的方法：
1
．由名词前面的数词
:
1. I have several ______
(
书
) on the shelf. 2. This
bus can carry 60
(
乘客
).
2
．由名词后的动词单数或复数
(
即主谓一致
): The _____
(
建议
) are reasonable and some
of us
will accept them.
3
．由句意
:
Our ______
(
教授
) held a meeting about
how to improve our English.
What is the
best-known chain of fast-food
(
餐馆
)in the world.
※及时练习
3
：判断下列名词正误：<
/p>
1. They often have fish,
meat and vegetable for supper.
2. Mrs.
Smith gets well along with her neighbor.
3. They had only three meal of soup
every day.
4. Dickens wrote Oliver
Twist in the year 1837 - 1838.
5. His
new play was a great succeed.
6. The animals are useful to the desert
people in many way.
7. As
he explored the sea
，
he took
picture and videos of many thing that people had
never seen
before.
8. They were given kinds of
breakfast
，
and sometimes they
got no breakfast at all.
9.
School child walked with their
shirts
，
coats and anything
else they could find pulled up over
their nose.
10.
The middle part of the 20th century brought new
ways to help people get over disease.
11. Too many trees have been cut this
years.
12. They use camels
for carrying water
，
food
，
tents and another things.
§
确定名词可数或不可数的方法：
注意三类名词：
1
、总是不可数的名词：
1)
物质名词：
furniture, equipment,
2)
抽象名词：
advice, progress, news,
fun, truth,
milk, ink,
rice,
…
2.
根据名词本身的意义：
1)
物质名词
：
water
（水
u,
水域
c
）
,
rain
（雨水
u,
一场雨
c
）
2)
抽
象名词：
experience(
经验
u
，经历
c) , pleasure(
愉快
u
，乐事
c), succes
s(
成功
u
，成功的人
c), failure(
失败
u
，失败的人或事
c), pity(
遗憾
< br>u
，遗憾的事
c),
surp
rise(
惊讶
u
，惊讶的事
c),
3.
个体名词总是可数名词：
book, desk,
三．限定词：
限定词是位于名词或名词词组之前，
对他们在特指、泛指或数量等方面起限定
作用的一类词。
She showed a
certain elegance.
The judge
divorced the couple.
He has
got some
brains(
智慧
)!
限定词与形容词的区别主要是：
限定词只对名词起限定作用（有些限定词也
可用作其他词
性，如代词等），而形容词则描述名词的特征、状态等：
< br>
We lived in small house.
→
We lived in a small house.
house
是个体名词，一般来说
，个体名词是可数名词，有单数复数形式，单数形式的个
体名词
(
可数名词
)
除在部分习语或固定搭配
中外，一般不可单独使用，须根据具体情况与
冠
词、不定代词、
指示代词
或
其它限定词
连用
,
或使用其复数形式。
练习：改正下列错误：
1. She should be
able to get job in Europe.
2. Mr. Blake
was considered excellent music teacher.
3. How did
accident happen?
4. I will give you
other chance to prove yourself.
5. Do you have
class this
morning?
6.
Important product of South Africa are fruit and
gold.
7. She is
English teacher.
由于动词在句中有谓语和非谓语两
种形式，可根据所缺单词在句中充当的
成分来判断此处是否
为动
词。
一．一般情况下：
◇
1. is, am, are, was, were,
◇
2. will
(wo
uld), can (could), must, may,
…
◇
3. has…,
have…,
had…
，
don’t,
didn’t, doesn’t…
◇
4. V+s: goes, likes,
…
◇
5.
动词原型：
want / go /
以上
4
项为确定的谓语动词。
句中有了确定的
谓语动词
后其它的动词形
如
V-ing /to do/ done
（
-ed
）
的
为
非谓语动
词
< br>。
You want to know about
my staying in America, right? Well, to tell you
the truth, it is really
an eye-opening
experience to study here.
In China, I
had English classes five times a week since fifth
grade. However, I didn’t know
how
different textbook English could be from everyday
English until I came to Hotchkiss School,
Connecticut.
When I first
studied English, I was told to say,
“I
am fine.”
when people say
“How are you?”
But in the US, I found that people say,
“I am good.” or “I’m tired.”
One day, someone greeted me with
“What’s up?”
It made me
confused. I thought for a
moment and
then smiled because I didn’t
know what
to say.
二
.
谓语动词的判断：
1.
主动形式：如何主语实施了谓语动作，意义完整，就是表达主动关系。
He invited to the party…
（
）
He invited me
to the party.
（
）
He was invited
to the party.
（
）
He was invited
him to the party.
（
）
2.
被
动形式：
如果主语没有实施谓语动词动作而是承受了该动作，
应
该用
be + done
形
式表示，
只有过分只能表示被动关系。
He looked this
morning.
（
）
The boy took to
the school.
（
）
The patient
sent to the hospital.
（
）
The shocks and
fires caused by the earthquake destroyed the
village.
（
）
三．动词与名词的判断：
1.
I'm ready to match my strength against
yours.
我已经准备好与你较量力气。
He thought he could beat anyone at
tennis, but he's met his match in her.
他以为他打网球所向无敌，但遇到她却是旗鼓相当。
a football match
足球比赛
2. She is
the picture of her mother.
她活像她的妈妈。
It is hard to picture life
a hundred years ago.
我们很难想象一百年前人们的生活。
3. Have you seen any good films lately?
你最近看过什么好电影吗
?
The
television company is filming in our town.
电视公司正在我们镇上拍片子。
<
/p>
若所缺单词为修饰语则考虑形容词和副词。
形容词的主要句法作用
为表
语和定语，用来说明或修饰名词、代词的词称为形容词，据此可判断所缺是否为形容
词
;
副
词一般主要用来修饰形容词，
副词，动词或整个句子，据此可判断所缺单词是否为副词。
形
容词的学习
：在下列结构中应该用形容词：
◇
a +
adj
+ n
a tall boy
写一写：
______________
_______________
_____________
◇
be
+
adj.
He is tall.
写一写：
______________
______________
______________
◇
keep/find/make/think… it
adj.
to / that
……
◇
be + as +
adj.
+ as
do + as +
adv.
+
as
*be so / too / very / how / however
+ adj. (
不用
adv.)
1
）形容词在句子中的句法作用及位置：
⑴
作定语时放在名词的前面
。形容词修饰名词。结构：
a/an/ …_______
名词
．．．．．．．．．．
Li Mei is a
beautiful city girl.
?
The
new student comes from
Japan.
?
My
father’s
car is very expensive.
?
The English story is very
interesting.
?
★
少数形容词只能作定语
?
这些形容词包括<
/p>
little,
live(
活着的
), elder, eldest
等，只能作定
语，不能作表语。例如：
(
正
)My
elder brother is a doctor.
?
(
误
)My
brother is elder than I.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
上一篇：英语复习题1
下一篇：英文歌曲与英语学习的关系