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中国人民大学
——
英语
2004
年博士研究生入学考试试题
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II. Vocabulary (10 points)
PartA (5 points)
Directions:
Beneath each of the following sentences, there are
four choices
marked iL B, C arm 1). Choose the:one
thatbest completes the
sentence and mark the corresponding
letter with a single bar across
the square bracket on ANSWER SHEET 1.
Example:
She prefers
foreign wine to that produced__
A.
previously B. vLrtually C. primarily
D. domestically
The
sentence should read,;
domesticany.
Sample Answer
[A] [B] [C] [D]
1.
International sport should create goodwill
between the nations, but in the
present organization of the Olympics
somehow encourages__
patriotism.
A. obsolete
B. aggressive C. harmonious D. amiable
Z One call understand others much
better by noting the immediate and
fleeting reactions of their eyes and __
to expressed thoughts.
A. dilemmas
B. countenances C. concessions D.
junctions
3. People innately _____
for superiority over their peers although it
sometimes takes the
form of an exaggerated lust for power.
A. strive
B. ascertain C.
justify D. adhere
4. Some scientists
have suggested that Earth is a kind of, zoo or
wildlife
for
intelligent space beings, like the wilderness
areas we have set
up on
earth to allow animals to develop naturally while
we observe them.
A. conservation
B. maintenance
C. storage
D. reserve
5. According to
the latest report, consumer confidence___ a
breathtaking
15 points
.last month, to its lowest level in 9 years.
A. soared
B.
mutated C. plummeted D. fluctuated
6. Melissa is a computer___ that
destroyed files in computers and
frustrated thousands of users around the world.
A. genius
B. vires
C. disease
D. bacteria
7. The
emphasis:on examinations is iby far the. worst
form of
competition in schools.
A. negligent
B. edible C. fabulous D.
disproportionate
8. The boy seemed
more _____ to their poverty, after seeing how his
grandparents lived.
A. reconciled B.
consolidated
C.
deteriorated D. attributed
9. During his two-month stay, in
China, Tom never____ a chance to
practice his Chinese.
A. passed on
B. passed
up
C. passed by
D.
passed out
10. When a person dies, his
debts must be paid before his ____ can be
distributed.
A. paradoxes B. legacies
C. platitudes D. analogin
Part B (5 points)
Directions: In each of the following
sentences there is one word or phrase
underlined. Below the sentence are
four choices marked A, B, C, and
D. Choose the one that is closest in
meaning to the underiined part.
Mark the corresponding letter with a
single bar across the square
bracket on ANSWER SHEET I.
Example:
The secretary
is Very competent; she can finish all these
letters within one
.. .,ca, ODe
bour.
A. careful
B. industrious C. clever D.
capable
In this sentence,
you should choose D.
Sample Answer
[A] [B] [C] [DD]
11. He claims that
advertising today tends to portray women in
traditional
roles such as cooking
or taking care of the baby.
A.
depict B. advocate
D;
criticize D. analyze
12,. They
achieved more than they had eyer dreamed, lending
a magic tO their
family
story that no tale or ordinary life could
possibly rival.
m
B.
achieve D exaggerate
13. The most urgent thing is to find a
dump. for those toxic____ industrial wastes.
A. imminent B. recyclable C.
smelly
D. poisonous
i4.
British Prime Minister Tony Blair promised the
electorate that guns would
nor be fired without an attempt to win
a further on.
A. allies B.
delegates
C. voters
D. juries
15.
The analysis suggests that the tradeoff between
our :children's college and
our own retirement security is
,chilling.
A. frightening B.
promising C. freezing D. revealing
16. Their signing of the treaty was
regarded as a conspiracy against the British
Crown.
A. secret plan B. bold attack C. clever
design D. joint effort
17. Evidence,
reference, and foomotes by the thousand testify to
a scrupulous
researcher
who does considerable justice to a full range of
different
beorefical
and political positions.
A.
trustworthy
B. intelligent C.
diligent
D. meticulous
18. Despite their spartan, isolated
lifestyle, them are no stories of women
being raped or wanton
violence against civilians in the region.
A. intriguing
B.
exasperating:
C. demonstrative D.
unprovoked
19. The gang derived their
nickname from their dark clothing and blacked up
faces for .nocturnal
raids in the forest.
A. illegal
B. night-time C, brutal D. abusive
20. Though sometimes too lazy to work
as hard as her sisters, Linda has a
more avid fondness for the limelight,
A. mercurial
B,
gallant
C. ardent
D. frugal
III. Cloze (10
points)
Directions : Read the following
passage. Choose the best word for each
numbered blank and mark the
corresponding letter with a single bar across the
square bracket on Answer Sheet I.
Like many other aspects
of the computer age, Yahoo began as an idea,
___ 21 ___ into a hobby and Iately
has ____22 ____ into a full- time passion. The
two developers of Yahoo, David Filo and
Jerry Yang, Ph. D candidates
___ 23 _
Electrical Engineering at Stanford University,
started theirguide in
April 1994 as a
way to keep 24
of their personal
interest on the Intemet.
Before long
they ___25 ___ that their home,brewed lists
were becoming too
long and ____ 26____
Gradually they began to spend more andmore time
on
Yahoo.
During 1994, they ____ 27____ yahoo
into a customized database designed
to____28_____ the needs of the thousands of
users____29____ began to use the
service through the closely ___ 30____ Intemet
community. They developed
customized
software to help them___ 31 ___ locate, identify
and edit material
___32___ on the
Intemet. The name Yahoo is ____ 33____ to stand
for
Another Hierarchical
Officious Oracle
the ___34 ___
because they considered themselves
yahoos. Yahoo? itself first
___ 35 ___
on Yang's workstation,
___
36 ___ on Filo's computer,
In
early 1995 Marc Andreessen, co-founder of Netscape
Communication
in Mountain View,
California, invited Filo and Yang to move their
files
___ 37___ to larger computers
___38____ at Netscape. As a result Stanford's
computer network returned to ___ 39___
, and both parties benefiasc. Today,
Yahoo___ 40 ___ organized information
on tens of thousands of computers
linked to the web.
1. A.
became B. grew
C. mm
D. intend
2. A. made B. saw
C. looked D. turned
3. A. in
B. on
C. about D. fer
4. A. touch
?. contact C. n-ack D. record
5. A. founded E.
found
C. argued D.
reported
6. A. unwieldy
B. tough C. tamable D
invaluable
7. A.
exchanged B. shank
C. sold
D. converted
8. A. explain
B. serve C. discover
D.
evaluate
9. A. which
B. that C. actually
D. eagerly
10. A. relative
B. interactive
D.
contacted
11. A. fluently B.
efficiently
y
D.
actually
12. A. transmitted
B. purchased C. sold
D.
13. A. about
B. bound C. going
D. supposed
I4. A. fable
B. model
C. name D.
brand
15. A. supported B. resided
C. lived D. launched
16. A.
connected
B. lodged C.
introduced
D. linked
17.
A. over
B, away C.
inside
D. beneath
18. A. housed
B.
caught C. hosed
D.
bidden
19. A. average B. normal
C. ordinary D. equal
20. A.
attains s C. maintains
D. contains
IV. Reading
Comprehension (20 points)
Directions:
Read the following passages, decideon the best one
of the choices
marked A, B, C, and D
for each question or unfinished statement and then
mark
the corresponding letter with a
single bar across the square bracket on the
ANSWER SHEET.
Passage 1
Guthrie's contiguity principle
offers practical suggestions for how to break
babies.
One
application of the thrcshoM method involves the
time young children
spend on academic
activities. Young children have short attention
spans, so the
length of time they can
sustain work on one activity is limited. Most
activities
are scheduled to last no
longer than 30 to 40 minutes. However, at the
start of
the school year, attention
spans quickly wane and behavior problems often
result. To apply Gutiarie's
theory, a teacher might, at the start of the year,
limit
activities to 15 to 20 minutes.
Over the next few weeks the teacher could
gredually increase the
time students spend working on a single activity.
The threshold methoci also can
be applied to teaching printing abd
handwriting. When children first learn
to form letters, their movements
awkward and they lack free motor
coordination. The distances between lines on
a page are purposely wide so children
can fit the letters into the space. If paper
with narrow lines is initially
introduced, students' letters would spill over the
borders and students might become
frustrated. Once students can form letters
within the larger borders,
they can use paper with smaller borders to help
them
refine their skills.
The fatigue method can be applied when
disciplining disruptive students
who build paper airplanes and sail them
across the room. The teacher can
remove
the students from the classroom, We them a large
stack of paper, and
tell them to start
making paper airplanes. After the students have
made several
airplanes, the
activity should lose its attraction and paper will
become a cue for
not building
airplanes.
Some students
continually race around the gym when they first
enter their
physical education class.
To employ the fatigue method, theteacher might
decide to have these students continue
to run a few more laps after the class has
begun.
The
incompatible response method can be used with
students who talk and
misbehave in the media center. Reading
is incompatible with talking. The
media
center teacher might ask the students'to find
interesting books and read
them while
in the center. Assuming that the studentS find the
books enjoyable,
the media center will,
over time, become a cue for selecting and reading
books
rather than for talking with
other students.
In a
social studies class some students regularly fall
asleep. The teacher
realized that using
the board and overhead projector while lecturing
was very
boring. Soon the
teacher began to incorporate other elements into
each lesson,
such as experiments,
videotapes, and debates, in an attempt to involvs
students
and raise their interest in
the course.
41. The purpose of this
passage is to___
A. inform
B. persuade
C.
debate D. narrate
42. Guthrie
identified three methods for__
A.
educating students
B.
altering bad habits
C. avoiding
undesired action
D. forming
good hobbies
43. Which of the following
is not the example of applying the threshold
method?
A.
Parents introduce spinach in small bites or mixed
with a food than the
child enjoys over time so that the
child will not refuse to eat it.
B.
Teachers introduce academic content in short
blocks of time for young
children and gradually increase session
length but not to where students
become frustrated or bored.
C. Paper with wider lines is first used and then
paper with narrow lines is
introduced step by step to help
children learn printing and handwriting.
D. A child might be made to throw
toys until it is no longer fan by his
parents in order to change his behavior
of repeatedly throwing toys.
44. To
stop snacking while watching television, people
should keep their hands
busy by sewing, painting, working
crossword puzzles, and so forth. Over
time. watching TV becomes a cue for
engaging in an activity other than
snac 'king. What method is used in this
example?
A. The threshold method.
B. The fatigue method.
C.
The incompatible response method. D. The
punishment method.
45. We can draw the
conclusion from the passage that
A.
The incompatible response method is to force child
to make unwanted
response repeatedly in presence of
stimulus until he or she becomes
exhausted
B. The threshold
method refers to introducing undesired behavior
with a
response
incompatible with the undesired response so they
can not be
performed
simultaneously
C. The
fatigue method means that engaging in the
behavior is transformde
into
avoiding it by introducing the stimulus at full
strength so it becomes
a cue for not performing it
D. The fatigue method is that in presence of
stimulus teachers have child
make
response incompatible with unwanted response
Passage 2
The increase in global trade means that
international companies cannot
afford
to make costly advertising mistakes if they want
to be competitive.
Understanding the language and culture
of target markets in foreign
countries
is one of the keys to successful international
marketing. Too many
companies, however,
have jumped into foreign markets with embarrassing
wralts .
Translation
mistakes are at the heart of many blunders in
international
advertising.
General Motors, the US auto
manufacturer, got a costly lesson when it
introduced its Chevrole Nova to the
Puerto Rican market.
new
(star)
sound like