高考英语母题题源系列 专题08 阅读理解(科普)(含解析)

母题八阅读理解（科普阅读）

【母题来源一】

【

< br>2016

·北京】

【母题原题】

【

2016

·北京】

C

California Condor’s Shocking Recovery

California condors are North America’s largest birds, with win

g-length of up to

3

meters.

In

the

1980s,

electrical

lines

and

lead

poisoning(

铅中毒

)

nearly

drove

them

to

dying

out.

Now,

electric

shock

training

and

medical

treatment

are

helping

to

rescue

these big birds.

In the late 1980s, the last few condors were taken from the wild, and there are now

more than 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona, Utah and Baja in Mexico.

Electrical lines have been killing them off. “As they go in to rest for the night,

they just don’t see the power lines,” says Bruce Rideout of San Diego Zoo. Their

wings

can

bridge

the

gap

between

lines,

resulting

in

electrocution(

电死

)

if

they

touch

two lines at once.

So

scientists

have

come

up

with

a

shocking

idea.

Tall

poles,

placed

in

large

training

areas, teach the birds to stay clear of electrical lines by giving them a painful

but undeadly electric shock. Before the training was introduced, 66% of set-freed

condors died of electrocution. This has now dropped to 18%.

Lead poisonous has proved more difficult to deal with. When condors eat dead bodies

of

other

animals

containing

lead,

they

absorb

large

quantities

of

lead.

This

affects

their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds, and can lead to kidney(

肾

)

failures and death. So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo,

where

they

are

treated

with

calcium

EDTA,

a

chemical

that

removes

lead

from

the

blood

over several days. This work is starting to pay off. The annual death rate for adult

condors has dropped from 38% in 2000 to 5.4% in 2011.

Rideout’s team thinks that the California condors’ average survival time in the

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wild

is

now

just

under

eight

years.

“Although

these

measures

are

not

effective

forever,

they are vital for now,” he says. “They are truly good birds that are worth every

effort we put into recovering them. ”

63.

California condors attract researchers’ interest because they .

active at night

to be bred in the wild

found on in California

died out in the 1980s

chers have found electrical lines are.

ng condors’ journey home

B. big killers of Califorbnia condoras

C. rest places for condors at night

D. used to keep condors away

ing to Paraghaph 5 ,lead poisoning.

condors too nervous to fly

B. has little effect on condors’ kidneys

C. can hardly be gotten rid of form condors’ blood

D. makes it different for condors to produce baby birds

passage shows that .

average survival time of condors is satisfactory

t’s research interest lies in electric engineering

efforts to protect condors have brought good results

chers have found the final answers to the problem

【答案】

63.D64.B65.D66.C

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故选

D

。

< /p>

64.B

细节理解题。

根据第三段

“

Electrical

lines

have

been

killing

them

off...Their

wings

can

bridge

the

gap

between

lines,

resulting

in

electrocution(

电死

)

if

they

touch

two

lines at once.

”可知，神鹰不知道停在电线上会触电身亡，它们经常停在电线上休息，结

果，很多被 电死了，故选

B

。

考点：环保类短文阅读

【名师点睛】

推理判断题属于主观题 ，是层次较高的题目。它包括判断题和推理题。这两类题常常相互依

存，推理是为了作出 正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。此类题要求在理解

表面文字的基础上 ，作出判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意思和深层意思，也就是通过文

章中的文字信息 、上下文的逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知的信息，推断出作者没有直接

表达的态度和 观点。

推理判断题的解题方法

：

推理判断题不仅要求考生读懂文章 中的每个句子的意思还要推理它们之间的关系，结合自己

的生活常识和经验，再通过逻辑 推理和判断，理解文章的言外之意，从而揭示文章的深层涵

义。

任何一篇文章都有其特定的写作目的，读者需要知道如何去做或按照某种方式思考问题。 推

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- 3 -

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理判断题的答案不可能在文 章中直接找到，因此推理时我们务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找

并确定可推论的依据，即 ：已知部分－推论的前提，从中推测出未知部分－推理的结论，切

忌妄加评论，把自己的 观点当成作者的观点。

【母题来源二】

【

2016

·江苏】

【母题原题】

【

2016

·江苏】

B

Chimps(

黑猩猩

) will cooperate in certain ways, like gathering in war parties to

protect their territory. But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings, they

have little instinct (

本能

) to help one another. Chimps in the wild seek food for

themselves. Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children.

Who are able from a young age to gather their own food.

In the laboratory, chimps don’t naturally share food either. If a chimp is put

in

a

cage

where

he

can

pull

in

one

plate

of

food

for

himself

or,

with

no

great

effort,

a

plate

that

also

provides

food

for

a

neighbor

to

the

next

cage,

he

will

pull

at

random

---

he just doesn’t care whether his neighbor gets fed or not. Chimps are truly

selfish.

Human children, on the other hand are extremely corporative. From the earliest

ages,

they

decide

to

help

others,

to

share

information

and

to

participate

a

achieving

common goals. The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this cooperativeness

in a series of expensive with very young children. He finds that if babies aged 18

months see an worried adult with hands full trying to open a door, almost all will

immediately try to help.

There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share

are

not

taught

.but

naturally

possessed

in

young

children.

One

is

that

these

instincts

appear

at

a

very

young

age

before

most

parents

have

started

to

train

children

to

behave

socially. Another is that the helping behaviors

are not improved if

the

children

are

rewarded.

A

third

reason

is

that

social

ps

in

children

before

their

general

cognitive

（认知的）

skills,at

least

when

compared

with

chimps..In

tests

conducted

by

Tomtas

ell,

the

children

did

no

better

than

the

chimps

on

the

physical

worl

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d

tests,

but

were

considerably

better

at

understanding

the

social

worl

d

The cure of what children’s minds have and chimps’ don’t in what Tomasello

calls

what.

Part

of

this

ability

is

that

they

can

infer

what

others

know

or

are

thinking.

But

that,

even

very

young

children

want

to

be

part

of

a

shared

purpose.

They

actively

seek to be part of a “we”, a group that intends to work toward a shared goal.

58. What can we learn from the experiment with chimps?

A.

Chimps seldom care about others’ interests.

B. Chimps tend to provide food for their children.

C. Chimps like to take in their neighbors’ food.

D. Chimps naturally share food with each other.

59. Michael Tomasello’s

tests on young children indicate that they____.

A. have the instinct to help others

B. know how to offer help to adults

C. know the world better than chimps

D. trust adults with their hands full

60. The passage is mainly about ____.

A. the helping behaviors of young children

B. ways to train children’s shared intentionality

C. cooperation as a distinctive human nature

D. the development of intelligence in children

【答案】

58.A 59.A 60.C

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59.A

推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句

He finds that if babies aged 18 months see an

worried adult with hands full trying to open a door, almost all will immediately try

to help.

和第四段第一句

There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help,

inform and share are not taught .but naturally possessed in young children.

可 知只

有

18

个月的孩子就知道去帮助他 人，而且帮助他人的做法并不是父母亲教的，属于人类的本

能。故

A

项正确。

60.C