金融英文对照表

）

withdraw deposits in large amounts

wide-spread decline

（

all-in- one

）

mono-bank system

bad loans

loan loss reserves

（

provisions

）

idle loans

non- performing loans

loan classification

credit control;to impose credit ceiling

credit disciplinary

（

< br>constraint

）

mechanism

to act as fiscal agent

make loans on behalf of other institutions

戴帽贷款

倒逼机制

道德风险

地区差别

第一产业

第二产业

第三产业

递延资产

订货不足

定期存款

定向募集

东道国（请见

“

母国

”

）

独立核算

短期国债

对冲操作

对非金融部门债权

多种所有制形式

E

恶性通货膨胀

二级市场

F

发行货币

发行总股本

法定准备金

法人股

法人股东

法治

房地产投资

放松银根

非现场稽核

非银行金融机构

非赢利性机构

分税制

分业经营

风险暴露（风险敞口）

风险管理

风险意识

风险资本比例

风险资本标准

服务事业收入

ear-marked loans

reversed

transmission

of

the

pressure

for

easing

monetary condition

moral hazard

regional disparity

the primary industry

the secondary industry

the service industry;the tertiary industry

deferrable assets

insufficient orders

time deposits

raising funds from targeted sources

host country

independent accounting

treasury bills

sterilization operation;hedging

claims on non- financial sector

diversified ownership

hyperinflation

secondary market

to issue currency

total stock issue

required reserves;reserve requirement

institutional shares

institutional shareholders

rule of law

real estate investment

to ease monetary policy

off-site surveillance

（

or monitoring

）

non- bank financial institutions

non-profit organizations

assignment

of

central

and

local

taxes;tax

assignment system

segregation

of

financial

busines

（

services

）

;divisi on of business scope based on

the type of financial institutions

risk exposure

risk management

risk awareness

risk-weighted capital ratios

risk-based capital standard

public service charges;user's charges

扶贫

负增长

复式预算制

G

改革试点

杠杆率

杠杆收购

高息集资

个人股

根本扭转

公开市场操作

公款私存

公用事业

公有经济

公有制

工业成本利润率

工业增加值

供大于求

鼓励措施

股份合作企业

股份制企业

股份制银行

固定资产贷款

关税减免

关税减让

关税优惠

规范行为

规模效益

国计民生

国家对个人其他支出

国家风险

国际分工

国际收支

国有独资商业银行

国有经济（部门）

国有企业

国有制

国有资产流失

国债回购

国债一级自营商

过度竞争

过度膨胀

过热迹象

poverty alleviation

negative growth

double-entry

budgeting;capital

and

current

budgetary account

reform experimentation

leverage ratio

leveraged buyout

to raise funds by offering high interest

non-institutional shares

fundamental turnaround

（

or reversal

）

open market operations

deposit public funds in personal accounts

public utilities

the state-owned sector;the public sector

public ownership

profit-to-cost ratio

industrial value added

supply exceeding demand;excessive supply

incentives

joint- equity cooperative enterprises

joint- equity enterprises

joint-equity banks

fixed asset loans

tariff reduction and exemption

tariff concessions

tariff incentives;preferential tariff treatment

to regularize

（

or standardize

）

…behavior

economies of scale

national interest and people's livelihood

other government outlays to individuals

country risk

international division of labor

balance of payments

wholly state-owned commercial banks

the state- owned

（

or public

）

sector

state-owned enterprises

（

SOEs

）

state-ownership

erosion of state assets

government securities repurchase

primary underwriters of government securities

excessive competition

excessive expansion

signs of overheating

H

合理预期

核心资本

合资企业

红利

宏观经济运营良好

宏观经济基本状况

宏观调控

宏观调控目标

坏账

还本付息

换汇成本

汇兑在途

汇兑支出

汇率并轨

活期存款

汇率失调

混合所有制

货币政策态势

货款拖欠

J

基本建设投资

基本经济要素

基本适度

经济金融术语汉英对照表（ 表二）

所有者权益

T

逃税（请见

“

避税

”

）

套汇

剔除季节性因素

调节流动性

贴现窗口

同比

同业拆借（放）

同业拆借市场利率（中国）

同业融通票据

同业往来

透支

退税

头寸

rational expectation

core capital

joint-venture enterprises

dividend

sound macroeconomic performance

macroeconomic fundamentals

macroeconomic management

（

or adjustment

）

macroeconomic objectives

（

or targets

）

bad debt

debt service

unit

export

cost;local

currency

cost

of

export

earnings

funds in float

advance

payment

of

remittance

by

the

beneficiary's bank

unification of exchange rates

demand deposits

exchange rate misalignment

diversified

（

mixed

）

ownership

monetary policy stance

overdue obligations to suppliers

investment in infrastructure

economic fundamentals

broadly appropriate

owner's equity

tax evasion

（

1

）指合法：

curren cy

swap;arbitrage

（

2

）指

非法：

illegal purchase of foreign exchange

seasonally adjusted

to influence liquidity level

discount window

on year-on- year basis;over the same period of the

previous year

inter-bank bor rowing

（

lending

）

CHIBOR

（

China inter-bank offered rate

）

inter-bank financing bills

inter-bank transactions

overdraft

tax refund

< br>（

rebate

）

position

吞吐基础货币

脱媒现象

W

外部审计

外国直接投资

外汇储备

外汇调剂

外汇占款

外向型经济

外债

外资企业

完善现代企业制度

完税凭证

违法经营

委托存款

稳步增长

稳健的银行系统

稳中求进

无纸交易

物价监测

X

吸纳流动性

稀缺经济

洗钱

系统内调度

系统性金融危机

下岗工人

下游企业

现场稽核

现金滞留（居民手中）

乡镇企业

消费物价指数

消费税

消灭财政赤字

销货款回笼

销售平淡

协议外资金额

新经济增长点

新开工项目

新增贷款

adjustment of monetary base

disintermediation

external audit

foreign direct investment

（

FDI

）

foreign exchange reserves

foreign exchange swap

the

RMB

counterpart

of

foreign

exchange

reserves;the

RMB

equivalent

of

offcial

foreign

exchange holdings

export- oriented economy

external debt

foreign-funded enterprises

to improve the modern enterprise system

tax payment documentation

illegal business

entrusted deposits

steady growth

a sound banking system

to make progress while ensuring stability

book- entry

（

or paperless/scriptles s

）

transaction

price monitoring

to absorb liquidity

scarcity economy

money laundering

fund allocation within a bank

systemic financial crisis

laid-off employees

down- stream enterprises

on-site examination

cash held outside the banking system

township and village enterprises

（

TVEs

）

consumer price index

（

CPI

）

excise

（

consumption

）

tax

to balance the budget;to eliminate fiscal deficit

reflow

of

corporate

sales

income

to

the

banking

system

lackluster sales

committed amount of foreign investment

new sources of economic growth

new projects;newly started projects

incremental credit; loan increment; credit growth;

credit expansion

新增就业位置

信贷规模考核

信号失真

信托投资公司

信息不对称

信息反馈

信息共享系统

信息披露

信用扩张

信用评级

姓

“

资

”

还是姓

“

社

”

行政措施

需求膨胀

虚伪存款

削减冗员

寻租

迅速反弹

Y

养老基金

一刀切

一级市场

应收未收利息

银行网点

赢利能力

营业税

硬贷款（商业贷款）

用地审批

有管理的浮动汇率

证券投资

游资（热钱）

有市场的产品

有效供给

诱发新一轮经济扩张

逾期贷款

与国际惯例接轨

与国际市场接轨

预算外支出（收入）

预调

月环比

Z

new jobs;new job opportunities

review the compliance with credit ceilings

distorted signals

trust and investment companies

information asymmetry

feedba ck

（

information

）

information sharing system

information disclosure

credir expansion

credit rating

pertaining

to

socialism

or

capitalism;socialist

orcaptialist

administrative measures

demand expansion; excessive demand

window-dressing deposits

to shed excess labor force

rent seeking

quick rebound

pension fund

universal

application;non- discretionary

implementation

primary market

overdue interest

banking outlets

profitability

business tax

commercial loans

to grant land use right

managed floating exchange rate

portfolio investment

hot money

marketable products

effective supply

trigger a new round of economic expansion

overdue loans;past-due loans

to

become

compatible

with

internationally

accepted

to integrate with the world market

off-budget

（

extra- budgetary

）

expend iture

（

revenue

）

pre-emptive adjustment

on a month-on-month basis; on a monthly basis

再贷款

在国际金融机构储备头寸

在人行存款

在途资金

增加农业投入

增势减缓

增收节支措施

增长平稳

增值税

涨幅偏高

账外账

折旧

整顿

政策工具

政策性业务

政策性银行

政策组合

政府干预

证券交易清算

证券业务占款

支付困难

支付能力

直接调控方式向

间接调控方式转变职能转换

职业道德

指令性措施

指令性计划

制定和实施货币政策

滞后影响

中介机构

中央与地方财政

分灶吃饭重点建设

周期谷底

周转速度

主办银行

主权风险

注册资本

逐步到位

central bank lending

reserve

position

in

international

financial

institutions

deposits at

（

with

）

the central bank

fund in float

to increase investment in agriculture

deceleration

of

growth;moderation

of

growthmomentum

revenue- enhancing

and

expenditure

control

measures

steady growth

value-added ta x

（

VAT

）

higher-than-desirable

growth

rate;excessive

growth

concealed accounts

depreciation

retrenchment;consolidation

policy instrument

policy- related operations

policy banks

policy mix

government intervention

settlement of securities transactions

funding of securities purchase

payment difficulty

payment capacity

to

increase

the

reliance

on

indirect

policy

instruments

transformation of functions

professional ethics

mandatory measures

mandatory plan;administered plan

to

conduct

monetary

policy;to

formulate

and

implement monetary policy

lagged effect

intermediaries

delineation of fiscal responsibilities

key construction projects;key investment project

（

trough

）

of business cycle

velocity

main bank

sovereign risk

registered capital

to phase in;phased implementation

逐步取消

抓大放小

专款专用

转贷

转轨经济

转机

转折关头

准财政赤字

准货币

资本不足

资本充足率

资本利润率

资本账户可兑换

资不抵债

资产负债表

资产负债率

资产集中

资产贡献率

资产利润率

资产质量

资产组合

资金成本

资金到位

资金宽裕

资金利用率

资金缺口

资金体外循环

资金占压

自筹投资项目

自有资金

综合国力

综合效益指标

综合治理

总成交额

总交易量

总成本

所有者权益

T

逃税（请见

“

避税

”

）

to phase out

to

seize

the

big

and

free

the

small

（

to

maintain

close

oversight

on

the

large

state-ownedenterprises and subject smaller ones

to market competition

）

use of funds as ear-marked

on-lending

transition economy

turnaround

turning point

quasi-fiscal deficit

quasi- money

under-capitalized

capital adequacy ratio

return on capital

capital account convertibility

insolvent;insolvency

balance sheet

liability/asset ratio;ratio of liabilities to assets

asset concentration

asset contribution factor

return on assets

（

ROA

）

asset quality

asset portfolio

cost of funding;cost of capital;financing cost

fully funded

（

project

）

to have sufficient funds

fund utilization rate

financing gap

financial disintermediation

funds tied up

self-financed projects

equity fund

overall

national

strength

（

often

measured

by

GDP

）

overall efficiency indicator

comprehensive

adjustmen