2018年可锐考研英语阅读真题解析

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2018

年可锐考研英语阅读真题解析（一）

一、从鸡蛋中培养流感疫菌

Modern

technology

has

put

men

on

the

moon

and

deciphered

the

human

genome.

But

when it comes to brewing up flu to make vaccines, science still turns to the incredible edible egg.

Ever since the 1940s, vaccine makers have grown large batches of virus inside chicken eggs. But

given

that

some

36,000

Americans

die

of

flu

each

year,

it

’

s

remarkable

that

our

first

line

of

defense

is

still

what

Secretary

of

Health

and

Human

Services

Tommy

Thompson

calls

“

the

cumbersome

and

archaic

egg- based

production.

”

New

cell-based

technologies

are

in

the

pipeline, however, and may finally get the support they need now that the United States is faced

with

a

critical

shortage

of

flu

vaccine.

Although

experts

disagree

on

whether

new

ways

of

producing

vaccine

could

have

prevented

a

shortage

like

the

one

happening

today,

there

is

no

doubt that the existing system has serious flaws.

Each

year,

vaccine

manufacturers

place

advance

orders

for

millions

of

specially

grown

chicken eggs. Meanwhile, public-health officials monitor circulating strains of flu, and each March

they recommend three strains

—

two influenza A strains and one B strain

—

for manufacturers to

include in vaccines. In the late spring and summer, automated machines inject virus into eggs and

later suck out the influenza-rich goop. Virus from the eggs

’

innards gets killed and processed to

remove egg proteins and other contaminants before being packaged into vials for fall shipment.

Why has this egg method persisted for six decades? The main reason is that it

’

s reliable. But

even though the eggs are reliable, they have serious drawbacks. One is the long lead time needed

to order the eggs. That means it

’

s hard to make more vaccine in a hurry, in case of a shortage or

unexpected outbreak. And eggs may simply be too cumbersome to keep up with the hundreds of

millions of doses required to handle the demand for flu vaccine.

What

’

s more, some flu strains don

’

t grow well in eggs. Last year, scientists were unable to

include

the

Fujian

strain

in

the

vaccine

formulation.

It

was

a

relatively

new

strain,

and

manufacturers simply couldn

’

t find a quick way to adapt it so that it grew well in eggs.

“

We

knew the strain was out there,

”

recalls Theodore Eickhoff of the University of Colorado Health

Sciences Center,

“

but public-health officials were left without a vaccine

—

and, consequently, a

more severe flu season.

”

Worse, the viruses that pose the greatest threat might be hardest to grow in eggs. That

’

s

because global pandemics like the one that killed over 50 million people between 1918 and 1920

are thought to occur when a bird influenza changes in a way that lets it cross the species barrier

and infect humans. Since humans haven

’

t encountered the new virus before, they have little

protective

immunity.

The

deadly

bird

flu

circulating

in

Asia

in

1997

and

1998,

for

example,

worried public-health

officials

because

it

spread

to

some

people who

handled

birds

and

killed

them

—

although

the

bug

never

circulated

among

humans.

But

when

scientists

tried

to

make

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vaccine the old-fashioned way, the bird flu quickly killed the eggs.

moon-landing is mentioned in the first paragraph to illustrate_____.

[A] technology cannot solve all of our human problems

[B] progress in vaccine research for influenza has lagged behind

[C] great achievements have been made by men in exploring the unknown

[D] the development of vaccine production methods can not be stopped

step is essential to the traditional production of flu vaccine?

[A] Manufacturers implant the vaccine into ordered chicken eggs.

[B] Scientists identify the exact strain soon after a flu pandemic starts.

[C] Public health measures are taken as an important pandemic-fighting tool.

[D] Viruses are deadened and made clean before being put into vaccine use.

foremost reason why the egg-based method is defective lies in_____.

[A] the complex process of vaccine production [B] its potential threat to human being

[C] the low survival rate for new flu vaccines [D] its contribution to the flu vaccine shortage

of the following is true according to the passage?

[A] Flu vaccines now mainly use egg- based technology.

[B] A bird influenza has once circulated among humans.

[C] Safety can be greatly improved with cell-culture vaccines.

[D] Modern vaccine production methods are to replace egg-based methods.

the author

’

s view, the new vaccine production method seems to be_____.

[A] remarkable [B] criticized [C] efficient [D] accepted

答案：

1.B 2.D 3.C 4.A 5.D

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核心词汇与超纲词汇

decipher

破译，辨认

genome

基因组，染色体组

brew

酿制，沏，煮

;~ up

酝酿

;

即将来临

cum bersome

大而笨重的

;

繁琐的， 复杂的

archaic

过时的，陈旧的

;

古代的，早期的

in the pipeline

在准备中

;

在完成中

;

在进行中

;

运输中

;

即将送递

circulate

循环