英国文学各个时期流派

随心所欲乃至胡闹式地制作新兴文学快餐来满足成千上万衣着新潮、

充< /p>

满活力的

“

新人类

”

的胃口。当然，其中也有一些思想前卫的作家试图在信息时代尚未消失之前创作具有 长久和稳定价值的

“

网络小说

”

。显然，这种多极联动和多

元并存的现象将成为

21

世纪英国小说艺术发展的基本态势。

纵观英国小说艺术的发展历程，我们不难发现，它始终处于变 化之中，并对种个历史时期的社会现实和读者趣味作出了及时的反应。四百年来，随着科学技术

< br>和社会生活的不断发展，英国小说从内部结构到外部形式均发生了显着的变化，其艺术也一再得到优化与升 华。英国小说艺术体现了极强的生命力。它从文艺

复兴时期的襁褓中发育成长，经过了各 个历史时期的文学浪潮的洗礼或冲击，以坚定自信的步伐跨入了新世纪和新千年。时至今日，英国的小说艺术已经 发展

到了高度成熟和相当完美的阶段，与其四百年前的雏形相比有着天壤之别。从某种意 义上说，英国小说艺术的变化与发展同诗歌或戏剧艺术相比更加引人注目，

更加令人赞叹 。它虽起步较晚，但它不仅能与历史和社会的发展同步，而且还体现出强烈的时代气息，并生动地反映了英国社会 的动荡与变迁。纵观英国小说

艺术的发展历史，我们不难发现以下四个特点：

第一，英国小说艺术在其四百多年的发展道路 上体现了一种自信而又自得的单独走向。自

16

世纪末以来，它 不但经历了从雏形、崛起、成熟、繁荣、革新到多

元的演变过程，而且还充分展示了它的 英国特色、英国特点、时代特征和作家特长。尽管文学艺术没有国界，且难免要受到邻国和异域文化思潮的影响， 但随

着英国殖民统治的不断强化和英语国际化进程的不断加快，

英国小说家们逐渐变得更加自信与自得。

自

18

世纪起，

英国小说已经摆脱了欧洲邻国各种文学样式

的 影响，呈现出独善其身、独领风骚且又加剧进化与演变的发展态势。正如一位西方评论家所说：

< br>“

法国征服者在一件事情上完全失败了；他们在中世纪未能成

功地使在法国已经十分流行的短篇散文故事根植于英国的土壤。

”

< br>⒀不言而喻，英国小说既是本国社会演变的必然产物，又体现了自身的发展规律和艺术特征。

而这种规律与特征在别国小说史上是难以寻觅的。平心而论，在别国的小说史上既很难找到像笛福、理 查逊、斯特恩、斯威夫特、狄更斯、詹姆斯、劳伦斯、

乔伊斯、伍尔夫和贝克特这样独具 一格的小说家，也难以见到像《鲁宾逊漂流记》、

《帕梅拉》、

《项狄传》、

《格列佛游记》、

《荒凉山庄》、

《淑女画像》、

《虹》、《尤利西斯》、《达罗卫夫人》和《莫洛伊》（三部曲 ）那样的小说。这些作家和作品不仅具有明显的英国特色，而且体现了与众不同的小说艺术。

显然，英国各个历史时期的社会现实、生活气息、文化氛围和语言特征对其小说艺术的单独走向产生了重要的 影响。

第二，英国的小说样式精彩 纷呈，艺术门类丰富齐全。作为一种反映生活的艺术工具，小说在英国经历了一个从低级到高级，从原始到成熟的 发展过程，其作

品样式也随之日益增

英国文学史试题

Exercise One

I. Name the Writers by the given passages. (10%)

(

)

1. What man art thou,quoth he,

That lookest as thou wouldst find a hare;

For ever on the ground I see thee stare.

(

)

2. Here where nothing is private, the common affairs be earnestly looked upon...?There where all things be common to every man, It is not to be

doubted that any an shall lack anything necessary for his private use, so ?that ?the ?common ?storehouses bars be sufficiently stored

(

)

3. Can honor set to a leg ?no, or an arm? No:...what is honor? A word, what is that word, honor? Air.

(

)

4. ...What though the field be lost?

All is not lost; the unconquerable will

And study of revenge, immortal hate,

And courage never to submit or yield...

(

)

5. It sucked me first, and now sucks thee,

And in this flea, our two bloods mingled be;

This flea is you & I,& this

Our marriage-bed, marriage temple is.

(

)

6. To err is human, to forgive ,divine

(

)

7. Imitation here will not to do the business.

The picture must be after Nature herself.

(

)

8. Mother bore me in the southern wild

And I am black, but O ! my soul is white;

White as an angel is the English child

But I am black, as if bereaved of light

(

)

9. Farewell my friend ! farewell my foes !

My peace with these, my love with those:

The bursting tears my heart declare-----

Farewell the bonnie banks of Ayr!

(

) 10. I love all that thou lovest

Spirit of Delight !

The fresh earth in new leaves dressed

And the stary night

Autumn evening, the moon

When the golden mists are born

& False statement. (20%)

(

) 1. Chancer's contribution to English poetry lies chiefly in the fact ?he ?introduced

from France the rhymed stanza in Iambic meter to English poetry.

(

) 2. Hamlet,the great tragedy of Shakespear, with perfect artistry, studys the big ?question

(

) 3. Bacon was the founder of modern science & also famous for his

(

) 4. Milton's Areopagistica is a pamphlet about religious abuse.

(

) 5. University wits contribute a lot in prose writing as well as drama writing.

(

) 6. Romance is a typical kind of noble literature & has nothing to do with common people.

(

) 7. Sperser's

(

) verse is the most popular literary form

in 11th-14th century.

(

) 9. Marlowe was the greatest pioneer of English drama & it was Marlowe ?who ?first made blank verse the principal instrument of English drama.

(

) eighteenth century is an enlightenment century that most of the writers show great interest on reasoning, rationality & classicism (Neo- classicism)

(

) was born in London, England. He was a national literary figure & ?well-?known ?by his humorous work-----Gulliver's Travels.

(

) is the author of Robinson Crusoe, which is a scientific and fantastic work.

(

) dison wrote his first novel when ?he ?was ?very ?young, he is thought as the follower of English

psycho-analytical novelist.

(

) y is among the world's greatest lyric poets.

He is the most wonderful lyric poet England has ever produced.

(

) Jones is the masterpiece of Henry Fielding & it offers ?a ?panoramic ?picture ?of 18th century England with the life of people in London, in the

countryside & on the open road.

(

) Burns is a peasant poet & is famous for his ?songs ?

written ?in ?the ?Scottish dialect on a variety of subjects.

(

) ,Hunt,Hazlitt & De Quincy are among the most famous prose writers ?in ?romantic period.

(

) entalism is the transition period

from realism to romanticism.

(

) best known historical novel created by Walter Scott is

(

) s Dickens is the best known representative of critical realism.

III. Put the literary terms into Chinese. (20%)

1. alliteration

2. Romance

3. allegory

4. blank verse

5. euphuism

6. tragic-comedy

7. ballad

8. elegy

9. pastoral

10. picaresque novel

11. heroic couplet

12. lyrics

13. metaphysical poets

14. Spenserian stanza

15. realistic fiction

16. Romanticism

17. canto

18. soliloquy

19. neo-classicism

20. interlude

IV. With the character of the book giving out, write down the name of the book. (10%)

1. The Wife of Bath

2. Bassanio ,Antonio

3. Sir John Falstaff

4. Friday

5. Joseph

Andrews

6. Clarissa

7. Sophia

8. Don Juan

9. Cythna

10. Lilliputians

V. Match the following information.

1. William Shakespeare

a. To Daffodils

2. Walt Scott

b. Ode to West Wind

3. Percy Bysshe Shelley

c. Ivanhoe

4. William Longland

d. Pilgrim's Progress

5. Geoffrey Chaucer

e. Oliver Twist

6. Charles Dickens

f. Piers the Plowman

7. John Milton

g. Troilus & Criseyde

8. John Bunyan

h. Utopia

9. Thomas More

i. Samson Agonistes

10. William Wordsworth

j. Othello

VI. Listing. (20%)

1. List the most important dramas created by William Shakespeare (At least 8 of them) (8%)

2. List the famous women characters appearing in the works in each important literary periods.(5%)

3. List five important poets of different literary periods (5%)

4. List two best English elegies in English literary history(2%)

VII. William Wordsworth's literary theory of poetry.(10%)

参考答案：

I

．

1. Geoffrey Chaucer

2. Thomas More

3. Shakespeare

4. John Milton

5. John Donne

6. Alexander Pope

?7.?Henry Fielding

8. William Blake

9. Robert Burns

10. Percy Bysshe Shelley

II.

1-5

T T T F T

6-10 T F F T T

11-15 F F F T T

16-20 T T F T T

III.

1.

头韵

2.

传 奇文学

/

罗曼司

3.

讽寓

4.

无韵诗

/

白体诗

5.

夸饰文体

6.

悲剧

7. ?

遥曲

/

民谣

/

民歌

8.

挽歌

/

诗

9.

田园牧歌作品

10.

流浪汉小说

11.

英雄双行

< br>/

韵体

12.

抒情诗

13.?

玄学派诗人

14.

斯宾塞诗节

15.

现实主义小说

16.

浪漫主义

17.

诗章

18.

独白

19.

新古典主义

20.

插剧

IV. 1. Canterbury Tales

2. The Merchant of Venice

3. Henry IV

4. Robinson Crusoe

5.?Joseph Andrews

6.

Clarissa Harlowe

7. Tom Jones

8. Don Juan

9. The Revolt of Islam ? 10. Gulliver's Travels

V. 1-5 JCBFG

6-10 EIDHA

VI.1. A Midsummer Night's Dream

As You Like It

The Merchant of Venice

Twelfth Night

Hamlet

macbeth

Othello

King Lear

2. Wife of Bath,Portia,Betrice, Pamela, Clarissa, Cythna

3. Chaucer ,Edmund

Spenser ,John Milton, Alexander Pope, William Wordsworth

?

4.?Shelley's

VII. 1. All good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings

2. The theme is to be situations & incidents chosen from common life

3. The language used is to be a selection of language really used by men

4. Ordinary things are to be presented in an unusual way

5. finding of universal signicance in human society

Exercise Two

+

I. With the following passages, please name the writers.(10%)

(

) 1.

My please with these, my love with those:

The bursting tears my heart declare_______

Farewell the bonnie banks of ayr !

(

) 2. The curfew tolls the knell of parting day.

The lowing herd wind slowly o'er the lea;