英语完形填空解题技巧点拨

第

2

讲

英语完形填空解题技巧点拨

完形填空 是一种综合题型，它测试了学生对空缺语篇的准确修补能力，考查了学生

对词汇意思的辨 析，对词法规则的灵活处理和运用能力，以及对生活常识和文化知识的

掌握程度。

综观近年高 考完形填空题，大部分都是记叙文或夹叙夹议的故事类文章。故事情节

曲折、线索清晰、 结构完整，并有一定的教育意义。

1.

利用逻辑关系解题

尝试从逻辑关系的高度整体上把握，就会不无惊喜地发现逻辑关系才是征服完形填空的

最佳途径。所谓逻辑关系并不缥缈，它就隐藏在句子中、句与句之间以及段落的衔接中。

通过逻辑关系的方法，我们可以通过确切、具体的线索，把答案的逻辑意义推测出来，

< br>从而在答案中寻找表现了相同逻辑意义的选项。这样做，使得题目的难度大大降低。如：

< br>

(1)

句中逻辑关系

Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elements

—

usually carbon, hydrogen,

oxygen, and__45__nitrogen. They are different in that their elements are arranged differently,

and each vitamin performs one or more specific functions in the body.

45. A. mostly

B. partly

C. sometimes

D. rarely

(2)

句间逻辑关系

在此，我们发现所谓逻辑关系并不抽象，它往往通过转折、让步、递进、因果等明确的

逻辑关系词来体现。当然，句子的逻辑关系也不一定体现在一句话的内部，它还可以渗

< br>透到篇章的层面上，在句与句之间表现出来。如：

Ms Cleveland does not keep her workers on a short leash

（

束缚）

. __13__, she encourages them

to get better ways to do business.

13. A. Still

B. Yet

C. Instead

D. While

There is a tendency to think of each of the arts as a separate area of activity. Many artists,

__1__ would prove that there has always been a warm relationship between the various areas

of human activity.

1. A. therefore

B. however

C. moreover

D. otherwise

(3)

段间逻辑关系

这种逻辑关系主要体现在段落之间的衔接上。如：

…

. Not everyone sees that process

（过程）

in perspective(

客观地

). It is important to do so.

It is generally recognized, __29__, that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th

century, followed by the invention of the integrated circuit

（

集 成电路

）

during the 1960s,

radically changed the process, although its impact in the media was not immediately apparent.

29. A. indeed

B. hence

C. however

D. therefore

2.

利用语法分析解题

完形填空虽然以语境填空为主，但也有部分考查语法项目的题目。对于这类题，考生可

1

以利用平时所学的词 汇知识，分析单词

(

组

)

的使用范围、动词的及物和不及物，并利用句

子结构、句式特点等知识全面衡 量所有选项排除干扰。如：

A blind person wanted to buy scissors(

剪刀

). __51__do you suppose he asked for them?

51. A. What

B. How

C. Who

D. Which

__8__ I had been born in the 16th century, I would have had no job.

8. A. Because

B. While

C. If

D. Since

3.

利用固定搭配解题

完形填空题中对词汇知识的考查，主要体现在习惯用法和同义词、近义词的辨析两方面。

习惯用法是英语中某种固定的结构形态，即所谓的

“

习语

”

，不能随意改动。所以，考生

平 时应掌握好习惯用法。对词义辨析题的考查有加大力度的趋势。要做好这类题，需要

有较 大的词汇量和词语搭配能力、词语辨析能力，特别是在特定的语境中能灵活运用的

能力。 如：

They couldn’t read or write. They didn’t like to work and they never __12__ baths.

12. A. took

B. washed

C. ran

D. covered

I did very badly at school. My headmaster thought I was useless and when I was 14 he said,

“You’re never going to be __2__ but a failure.”

2. A. anything

B. something

C. everything

D. nothing

4.

利用固定句型解题

完形填空虽然注重考查语境理解，但同时也会考到一些固定句型，考生掌握好这些句型，

对确定题目的答案很有帮助。如：

I haven’t had a phone in the house for three weeks now, and it’s several days __19__ I used a

phone box.

19. A. as

B. when

C. if

D. since

It wasn’t long

__18__the police caught the thief.

18. A. after

B. when

C. before

D. until

“Why __14__ you take a big man with you? You have to fight the sailor who is drunk.”

14. A. don’t

B. couldn’t

C.

can’t

D. do

5.

利用复现信息解题

语篇复现的信息包括原词复现、同义词和反义词复现、上义词和下义词复现、概括词复

现和代词复现等。语篇中有词汇和结构同现的现象，如与语篇话题相关、意义相关的词

< br>汇同时出现，结构同现，同义同现，修饰同现，因果同现等。因此，利用上下文寻找解

题信息，确定正确答案。如：

2

First of all, I respected his __3__ to teaching. Because his lectures were always well-prepared

and clearly delivered, students crowded into his classroom.

3. A. attention

B. introduction

C. relation

D. devotion

I put my head in, expecting the worst. But to my surprise, the room wasn’t empty at all. It had

furniture, curtains, a TV, and even paintings on the wall. And then on the well-made bed sat

Amy, my new __44__, dressed neatly.

A. roommate

B. classmate

C. neighbor

D. companion

6.

利用跳读法解题

一般而言，完形填空要填的

20

空中总有一些空是相对 简单的。

对于这类空格考生可以

先将 其确定下来，之后再逐个去突破其他空。跳过那些不太容易得出答案的题。切忌做

题时循 规蹈矩地一个顺着一个地去完成。如：

“Visitors!” repeated Josh, wide

-awake at once. He__1__ up and looked around. A short

distance away, a group of__2__ stood quietly watching us. One of them __3__ walking toward

us. We both jumped to our __4__ not knowing what to expect.

1. A. sat

B. stayed

C. thought

D. put

2. A. pilots

B. natives

C. editors

D. assistants

3. A. avoided

B. delayed

C. began

D. desired

4. A. boat

B. car

C. horses

D. feet

7.

巧用排除法解题

在有些情况下，考生如果不能很有把握地直接得出某一道题的答案，可以把排除法和词

< br>汇、语法分析结合起来运用，缩小选择的范围，提高正确率。如：

The woman looked carefully at me __5__ through her glasses, and then questioned me in a low

voice.

5. A. as usual

B. for a while

C. in a minute

D. once again

He put the books into the return box. And after a brief __6__ in the toilet, he would be on his

way to the playground to meet Eric.

6. A. rest

B. break

C. walk

D. stop

When I started playing __19__ him, he told me I needed to relax because I looked nervous.

19. A. at

B. by

C. for

D. around

8.

跳读首尾句进行预测