大学英语一试卷(A)

武汉纺织大学继续教育学院

2011

年

-2012

年第一学期期末考试试卷

大学英语一试卷

(A)

专业

:

专科所有专业

姓名

:

学号

:

题号

题分

一

二

三

四

五

六

七

八

总分

阅卷

教师

一、

Part

Ⅰ

Reading Comprehension (45%)

Directions:

There are several passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions

or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and

D).

You

should

decide

on

the

best

choice

and

mark

the

corresponding

letter

on

the

Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.

Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:

If an animal is moved from its home in the tropics to cold climate, it will die if it is not kept warm. And

animals accustomed to cold climates will die if they are moved to the tropics. Many plants, too, will die if

they are removed from the place where they normally grow and are transplanted into an unfamiliar soil.

Almost every species is adapted to life in a particular place by its organs and their functions and by its

permanent habits. The specialized

adaptation

has great advantages. For it enables many organisms to

survive under different conditions. It also has disadvantages, for it means that the life of most species is

controlled by local conditions.

Living things are not scattered over the earth at random; most species have

definite

habits for living places. Ecology is the study of how organisms live in their environment. This

means finding out how an organism survives

and reproduces in certain surroundings. By

environment we mean not only the soil and the climate but also the living things of the same

species and other species, plant or animal.

Most

living

things

are

slaves

to

their

environment. Some can alter

certain features

of their environment to suit themselves; a

beaver (

海狸

), for example, can make ponds by building dams; many birds and insects can

build elaborate nests to provide shelter for their young. But these skills are restricted and

highly specialized. Most organisms must adapt their bodies to fit in with their surroundings,

and since they can adapt only for particular surroundings, they are found only in places where

they can live successfully with the least effort.

Plants find these favorable places by trial and errors. The wind carries

their

seeds

and

spores (

芽孢

) great distances. If the seeds land in a favorable environment they grow and

reproduce. If they are deposited in an unfavorable environment they die. Animals, on the

other hand, search until they find a favorable environment.

main idea of this passage can be summarized as: ________.

A) Different habits of animals and plants

C) Plants and animals: slaves of their surroundings

D) Animals' ability to adapt themselves to their surroundings

is meant by

adaptation

?

A) The ability of living things to survive in a particular place under difficult conditions.

B) The control of most species of living things by local conditions.

C) The ability of living things to get familiar with their surroundings.

D) The permanent habits of most living things.

things can adapt themselves to their surroundings mainly through ________.

A) their organs and the organs' specific functions

D) Both A and B

B) their specialized permanent habits

C) their least effort in living conditions

.

s are different from plants mainly in that _________.

A) they can more or less alter their surroundings

B) their organs are highly specialized to their surroundings

C) they are looking for a favorable environment for their survival

D) they usually have their own local living conditions

d but not stated: ________.

A) Animals are not completely restricted or confined to their surroundings

B) Plants are completely confined to their surroundings

C) Surroundings sometimes can easily be altered by animals

D) The specialized adaptation is very important for animals, plants as well as human beings

Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:

One thing the tour books don't tell you about London is that 2,000 of its residents are foxes. They ran

away from the city about two centuries ago after developers and pollution moved in. But now that the

environment is cleaner, the foxes have come home.

A survey of the wildlife in New York's Central Park last year counted 14 species of mammals

(

哺乳动物

). A similar survey conducted in the 1890s counted only five species.

Several changes have brought wild animals to the cities. Foremost is that air and water

quality

in

many

cities

have

improved

as

a

result

of

the

1970s

pollution-control

efforts.

Meanwhile, rural areas have been built up, leaving many animals on the edges of suburbs. In

addition, urban wildlife refuges (

庇护所

) have been created. The Greater London Council last

year spent $$750,000 to buy land to build 10 permanent wildlife refuges in the city. As a result,

many birds are now living in the city. For peregrine falcons (

游隼

) cities are actually safer than

rural cliff dwellings. By 1970 the birds had died out east of the Mississippi because of the DDT

that had

made their eggs too thin to support life. That year

, scientist Tom Cade of Cornell

University began raising the birds for release in cities, for cities afforded plenty of food.

Cities can attract wild animals without turning them harmful. The trick is to create

habitats

where

they can be self-sufficient but still be seen and appreciated. Such habitats can even be functional. In San

B) Living things and their surroundings

Francisco, the

l

ocal government is testing different kinds of rainwater control basins to see not only which

ones retain the cleanest water but which will attract the most birds.

passage is primarily concerned with _________.

A) wildlife returning to large cities

B) foxes returning to London

C) wild animals living in zoos

D) a survey of wildlife in New York

can be inferred from the passage that __________.

A) Londoners are putting more and more wild animals into their zoos

B) Londoners are happy to see wild animals return to their city

C) Londoners are trying to move wild animals back to the countryside

D) Londoners have welcomed the wild birds, but found foxes a nuisance

ing to the passage, the number of species of wildlife in New York's Central Park

________.

A) is slowly decreasing

D) has more than doubled in the twentieth century

C) is on the same level as before

B) competes favorably with other cities

of the following is NOT a reason that wildlife is returning to the cities?

A) Air and water quality has improved in the cities. B) Wildlife is appreciated in the cities

C) Food is plentiful in the cities.

D) Wildlife refuges have been built in the cities.

word

A) a building for keeping wild animals

B) a garden for growing plants

C) a place for animals to live naturally

D) a park where live animals are exhibited

Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:

In some classes and at some schools, mid-terms seem to be almost non-existent. The phrase is

used loosely to represent a short period of time occurring closer to the first day of classes than to finals

with

no

specific

calendar

designed

for

it.

Some

classes

require

so

many

exams

and

papers

that

a

term

never

really

happens.

Other

courses

don’t

give

any

exams

at

all;

they

require

written

assignments only. Nevertheless, there still exist a sizeable number of schools and curricula that rely on

the traditional mid-term/final peaks in the semester to assess student performance.

The mere fact that mid-

terms are intended to monitor one’s understanding of a subject

mid-way

through

the

term

carries

a

heavy

burden

for

most

students.

At

one

end

of

the

spectrum, students who perform well on their mid-terms tend to then study with far less

consistency for their final exams

－

thus reducing their overall grade for the course. On the

other end of that same spectrum, students who perform poorly on a mid-term often become

psychologically negative: viewing the rest of the semester as a hopeless void. Almost

grade

will be

if

only

they

can

score

on

their

immediately upon receiving their mid-

term grade, they’re

already

looking

at

the

course

syllabus, trying to compute what their final

final and on other relevant assessments.

Of course, to avoid becoming a victim of negative mid-term psychology on either end of

the

spectrum,

it

is

recommended

that

you

should

work

hard

to

do

very

well

on

your

mid-semester exams. Plan in steps. Too many students only loosely understand their subject

material and then attempt to learn it all on their own one week before or even one night

before an exam. But this tactic (

技巧

) rarely works! Ease the anxiety of mid-terms by covering

whatever you learned in the previous class and study that material. In the long run, this

tactic really takes less time than the

most students, mid-term exams __________.

A) are almost non-existent

B) are a heavy burden