-
新视野大学英语
1sectionB
文章翻译<
/p>
一、
While regular
schools still exist, the virtual classroom plays
an important role in today's learning
c
ommunity.
（
虽然常规的学校依然存在，
但虚拟课堂在今天的教学领域中起着重要的作用。
）
Job opportunities
for
students
are
expanding
rapidly
and
more
people
of
all
ages
are
becoming
aware
of
online
learning that allows them to study at
home.
（
随着学生就业机会的迅速增多，越来越多不同年
龄层的人
开始意识到这种在家就学的网上学习方式。
）
Online
students,
however
,
require
unique
qualities
to
be
successful.
（
然而，网络学生需要具备一些特别的素质才能取得成功。
）
The following
list discusses some
ideal qualities of
successful online students.
（以下是网上学生要取得
成功必备的一些理想素质。
）
1. Be open-minded about
sharing life, work, and learning experiences as
part of online learning.
（与人分享生活、工作及学习经验
，这些是网上学习的一部分。
）
Many people find that the
online method requires them to use their
experiences and that online
learning
offers them a place to communicate with each other
.
（许多人发现网上学习需要他们运用各自
的经验，同时又为他们提供了相互交流的场所。
）
This
forum
for
communication
removes
the
visual
barriers that hinder some students from
expressing themselves.
（
这一交流
场所消除了一些学生自我
表达的视觉障碍。
）
< br>In addition, students are given time to reflect on the information before replying.
（
此外，
学生在答题之前有时间进行思考，
）
In this way, students can help to keep
the online environment
open and friendl
y.
（
这就使得网上环境开放而友好。
）
2.
Be able to communicate through writing.
（能通过书写进行交流。
）
In the virtual
classroom nearly all communication is written, so
it is critical that students feel
comfortable expressing themselves in wr
iting.
（
虚拟课堂的交流几乎都是书面形式。因而很重要
的一点是
学生要具有书面表达能力。
）
Some students have limited writing
abilities, which need to be improved
before or as part of the online
experience. (
有些学生书面表达能力差，有待提高，可以在网上学习之前
提
高或将其作为网上学习的一部分。
)This
usually requires extra commitment by these
students.(
这常常
需要他们加倍努力。
)
Whether working alone or in a group, students
share ideas, perspectives and
discussions on the subject being
studied, and read about those of their classmates.
(
不管是单独学
习还是小组学习，学生们就学习内容交流观点和
见解，并展开讨论，同时了解其他同学的意见。
)In
this
way,
students gain great insights from their
peers, learning from each other as well as the
instructor
.(
这
样，学
生可以从同龄人那里得到启发，既跟老师学，又互相学习。
)
3. Be willing
to
(
说出你的困难。
)
Remember that
instructors cannot see their students in an online
course.(
记住，虚拟课堂里老
师
看
不
见
学
生
。
)
This
means
students
must
be
absolutely
explicit
with
their
comments
and
requests.(
这就意味学生必须直接明了地表达自己的看法和要求。
) If
they experience technical difficulties,
or problems in understanding something
about the course, they MUST speak up; otherwise
there
is no way anyone can know
something is wrong.(
如果碰到技术方面的问题，或在理解课程
中遇到困难，
必须大胆说出来，否则任何人都无从知晓问题所在。
)
If
one
person
does
not
understand
something,
possibly several others have the same
problem.(
如果某人不理解某个问题，或许别人也有同样的问题。
)
If another student is able to help, he
or she probably will.(
如果有哪个学生能解决，他
(
她
)
也许就会帮
助你。
) While explaining
something to others, students reinforce their own
knowledge about the
subject.
(
学生在给他人解释问题时，自己对该问题的认识也加深了。
)
4.
Take the program seriously.
(
认真对待课程。
)
Online learning is not easier than
study in regular classrooms.
（网上学习并不比课堂
学习容易。
）
In fact, many students
say it requires much more time and effort.
（事实上，许多学生说它需要花更
多的时间和努力。
）
Requirements
for
online
courses
are
no
less
than
those
of
any
other
quality
program.
（
网络课程的要求
不低于其他任何一种优质课程。
）
Successful
online
students,
however
,
see
online learning as a convenient way to
receive their education
—
not
an easier way.
（
然而，取得成
功的学生认为网上学习是一种便捷的受教育方式，但并不容易。
）
Many online students sit at computers for
hours at a time during evenings and on
weekends in order to complete their assignments. <
/p>
（
晚上
或周末，为了完成作业，许多网络
学生在电脑前一坐就是几个小时。
）
When other
people are finished with
their work and
studies and having fun, you'll most likely find
online students doing their course
work
.
（别人已完成作业和学习，开始玩耍，而此时网络学生却很可能还在上课。
）
Online students need
to
commit 4 to 15 hours a week to each
course.
（他们每门课程每周要上
4
< br>到
15
小时。
）
5. Accept
critical thinking and decision making as part of
online learning
（
把批判性思维和决策
作为网上学习的一部分。
）
Online
courses require students to make decisions based
on facts as well as experience.
（
网
络课程要求学生根据事实和经验做出决定
。
）
It
is
absolutely
necessary
for
students
to
assimilate
information and
make the right decisions based on critical thinkin
g.
（
对学生来讲，理解并消化信息，
并通过批判性思维做出正确的决定是十分必要的。
）
In a positive online environment,
students feel valued
by the instructor
and by their classmates and feel good about their
own work.
（
在积极的网络环境
中，学生从老师、同学那里感受到自己的价值，对自己的学习也感到满意。
）
6. Be
able to think ideas through before
replying.
（
三思而后答。
）
Providing meaningful and quality input
into the virtual classroom is an essential part of
online
learning.
（
在虚拟课堂上做出有意义、高质量的回答是网上学习的重要部分
。
）
Time
is
given
to
allow
for
careful
development
of
answers.
（
要花时间斟酌并
仔细作答，
）
Testing
and
challenging
of
ideas
is
encouraged.
（
提倡对不
同观点进行验证和质疑。
）
Online students
will not always be right, so they need
to be prepared to accept a
challenge.
（
网络学生往
往并不总是对的；他们应做好准备，迎接挑战。
）
7. Keep up with
the progress of the course.
（
跟上课程进度。
）
Online learning is normally
sequential and requires commitment on the
students' part.
（
网上
学习通常是循序渐进的，要求学生专心投入
。
）
Keeping up with the class and completing all the work on
time is vital.
（
与网络课程保持同步，
并按时完成所有功课至关重要
）
Once students get behind, it is
almost
impossible to catch up.
（
一旦落后就很难赶上。
）
Students need to want to be there and
need to want
the
experience.
（
学生
要
有<
/p>
成
功的
欲
望，而
且
也
要
渴望<
/p>
这
种经历
。
）<
/p>
The
instructor
may
have
to
communicate with students personally to
offer help and remind them of the need to keep up.
（
老
师可能会与学生面对面交流，提供
帮助并提醒他们跟上进度的必要性）
Just as many
excellent instructors may not be effective online
facilitators, not all students have
the
necessary qualities to perform well online.
（
正如许多优秀教师并不能有效地用网络辅助教学一样，并
不是所有学生都具备在网上学习中取得成功所需的素质）
People who have the qualities discussed
above
usually make very successful
online students.
（
具备上述素质的人通常能
够成为优秀的网络学生）
If you
have these qualities, learning online
may be one of the best discoveries you will ever
make.
（
一
旦拥有这些素质，网上学习说不定将是你最有价值的发现之一。
）
< br>
二、
Is There a
Generation Gap?
The term
（
“代沟”
这一术语出现于
< br>20
世纪
60
年代。
）
One concept
of the
generation gap is that parents and children have
different values and beliefs.
（
< br>代沟的概念之一是指
父母和孩子有不同的价值观和信仰
）
As a result, many parents fear that
peer opinions will become more highly
valued and that they in turn will lose
influence.
（
因此，很多父母害怕孩子赞成伙伴的观
点，父母转而失去影
响力。
）
Although the term continues to be used
often, some people are beginning to ask the
question,
there a generation gap in
today's society?
（
虽然这个术语还是常常被
使用，有人却开始问这个问题：
“今天的
社会还有代沟吗？”<
/p>
）
One
study compared four generations, aged 18-30,
31-48, 49-62, and 63 and over.
（
< br>有一项研究比较了四代
人：
18-30
< br>岁的人，
31-48
岁的人，
4
9-62
岁的人，
63
岁和
63
岁以上的人，
）
Several questions were asked
to tap into basic beliefs and values,
such as
best place in the world to live
in
（
问了几个问题以了解人们对一些问题的基本信仰和价值观
，
如“努力工作
是成功之道”
，
“美国是世界上最佳的生活地”
。
）
Across the
generations, there was great consistency in the
responses.
（
四代人给出的答案
非常接近。
）
Many studies on youth also refute the
concept of a generation gap.
（
许多对年轻人的研究驳斥了代沟这一观
念的存在。
）
These studies show that while young people
tend to value their peers' evaluations over
parents'
on
things
like
music,
clothing
and
what's
they
continue
to
look
to
parents
for
basic
values
and
guidance in the more important areas of
life, such as career and lifetime goals.
（
这些研究显示，较之父母
对音乐、服装和何为“酷”的评
价，年轻人更趋于赞同伙伴的见解，与此同时，在生活中更重要的方面，如职业
生涯、终
身目标等，他们还是继续依赖父母的基本价值观和指导。
）
Of course, general trends can't always
be applied to individual cases.
（
当然，总趋势是不能时时用于个例的
。）
It is natural to feel like there is an
uncomfortable
bridge it.
（
觉得在我们和我们的十多岁孩子之间好像存在令人不快的
“代沟”<
/p>
，
需要弥合它，
这是自然的。
）
Perhaps,
though, the
problem
does not lie in a difference of
opinions or values, but in the way we
relate to and
communicate
with each other.
（
然而，问题也许不在于见
解和价值观的不同，而在于我们相互理解和沟通的方
式。
）
Here are some tips from an
article entitled
（
下面的
建议摘自于一篇题为“弥合代沟”的文章，也许对弥合代沟有所帮助。
）
Show respect.
（
尊重他人。
）
An attitude of respect and trust can be
contagious.
尊重与信任是能感染人的。
Young people
tend to see themselves the way their parents see t
hem.
年轻人往往以父母看待他们的方式看待
自己。
In turn, they gain self-confidence and
respect for themselves when you show that you
respect their
ability to make decisions
and learn from their mistakes.
< br>反过来，当你表示你尊重他们有能力决策和从错误中
学习时，他们会因此而获得自
信和自尊。
Listen more than you
talk.
多听少说。
Questioning can sound
like interrogation.
询问听起来可能像
审问，不要
这样。
Instead, adopt an
attitude of curiosity rather than
control.
应该抱有好奇的态度而不是控制之心。
Ask
questions like
your plan?
问些这样的问题：
“怎么会这样？你现在怎么看？当时吃
惊吗？现在打算怎么做？你有什么计划？这事你是不是需要帮助？
”
If your object is only to listen, you
should
be careful not to be preparing
your response while your teen is still talking.
如果你的目的只是听，在孩子说
话时，
你就
需小心别在心里琢磨怎么回答
。
You'll hear
better that way, and they will be encouraged to
talk more.
这样你会听得更好，而孩子也会受到鼓励说得更多
。
Ask whether your
child wants to hear it before sharing your point
of view.
先问孩子是否想听，然后才说你的
观点。
Only go on if they say
只有当孩子说“是”时才继续说下去，而且要简洁。
Don't
lecture, and don't expect them to agree
with you.
不要说教，不要期待孩子同意你的观点
。
If you state your
case with
a
or she can listen more openly instead
of planning rebellion.
说话时，如果你的态度是“我是这样
理解的”
，而
不是“这样看问题才对”
，孩子就可能更愿意听，而不会有逆反心理。
Think
用“我们”而不用“你”
。
can we take care of what
needs to be done?
“
离开家之前我们要做家
务，我们怎么料理必须做的事呢
？”
Any
way
you
can
get
across
the
message
in
this
together
can
help
bridge
gaps
that
conflicts
might
otherwise create.
不论你用什么方式，只要能将“这是我们共同的事”这一信息传达给孩子，就有助于弥合本可
能由冲突带来的鸿沟。
Keep
calm.
保持冷静
。
You
can
easily
destroy
your
credibility
by
getting
angry
or
too
excited
during
a
conversation
.
交谈时
生气或者太激动，你就可能轻易地毁了自己的可信
度。
Instead
of
ruining
your
life!
that?
不要说“你毁了你的一生
！
”而要说“我担心如果
......
会怎么样。在这种情况下，你想你可能怎么办？”
Don't apply double
standards.
不要使用双重标准。
Teenagers pay close attention to double
standards.
青
少年非常警惕双重标准
。
Don't expect them to follow rules
you don't follow yourself.
别指望他们遵守你自己都<
/p>
不遵守的规则。
Whether it's about
checking in by the phone, putting things away or
drinking out of the milk
carton,
无论是打电话报平安，还是叫他们收
拾东西，或用奶盒喝牛奶，
“照我说的做”而不是“照我做的做”是不会改善关系的。
Admit your own mistakes and
talk about what you are learning from them.
承认自己的错误，说说你从他们
身上学到了什么。
S
howing self-acceptance and tolerance for
imperfection is very encouraging to teenagers
(as well as other people around you)
and tends to make you easier to approach with
questions, regrets and
challenges.
表现出自我接受和对不完美的容忍能很好地鼓励青少年（以及你身边的其他人）
< br>，也往往能让他们更
容易接近你，向你提出问题、表达遗憾甚至对你提出挑战
。
Apologize
when
you
think
you
had
done
or
said