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形容词、副词比较级和最高级
绝大多数形容词、副词有三种形式,原级、比较级和最高级
,
以表示形容词、副词说明
的性质在程度上的不同。
I.
形容词、副词的原级
:
形容词和副词的原级形式就是词典中出现的形容词、副词的原
形。
例如
: poor, tall great,
glad, bad, lovely, fast, hard, well.
1.
as+
原级
+as
(
肯定句
)
…
同
….
一样
He can drive the car as carefully as
I/me.
他开车开得和我一样仔细。
Helen looks as
tall as Mary.
Helen
看起来和
Mary
一样高。
注:
表示甲在某方面不如乙时
(
否定句
)
,用“<
/p>
not as(so)+
原级
+as
p>
”结构
He
is not as clever as she (is)/her.
他没有她聪明。
Tom
didn
’
t draw the picture
as/so well as I/me.
汤姆画得没我好。
II.
形容词、副词的比较级和最高级:
形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是在形容词和副
词的原级的基础上变化的,分为规则
和不规则变化。
1.
规则变化如下:
1).
单音节形容词、副词的比较级和最高级形式在词尾加
-er
或
-est
构成
.
great (
原级
)-
greater (
比较级
)-greatest(
最高级
)
tall-taller-
tallest
strong-stronger-strongest
few-fewer-fewest
high-higher-highest
fast-faster-fastest
hard-harder-hardest
注:发音规则
-er --- [
?
]
-est --- [
ist]
faster
['f
ɑ:st?]
fastest
['f
ɑ:stist]
*
strong [str
??]
stronger ['str
??
g
?
]
strongest
['str
??
gist
]
*
young
[j
??]
younger
< br>['j
??
g
?
]
youngest
['j
??
gist
]
2).
以
–
e, -le
结尾的单音节形容词
、
副词的比较级和最高级在词尾加
-r
或
-st
构成
.
wide-wider-widest
large-larger-largest
late-later-latest
able-abler-ablest
fine-finer-finest
3).
少数以
-er, -ow
结尾的双音节形容词、
副词的比较级和最高级在词尾加
-er
或
–
est.
clever-cleverer-cleverest
narrow-
narrower-narrowest
hollow-
hollower-hollowest
bitter-
bitterer-bittest
4).
以辅音字母加<
/p>
y
结尾的形容词、
副词的比较级和最高级
变
y
为
i,
再加
-er
或
-est
构
成
.
happy
–
happier-
happiest
heavy-heavier-
heaviest
early-earlier-earliest
easy-easier-easiest
注:
①
以元
音加
y
结尾的词,则直接加
er,
p>
或
est.
grey- greyer- greyest
gay-gayer-gayest
②
以形容词
+ly
变过来的副词,
p>
其比较级、
最高级只能在其前面加
moremost.
slowly---more
slowly---most slowly
quickly---more quickly---most quickly
5).
以重读闭音节结尾的词,
如果
词尾只有一个辅音字母的形容词、
副词的比较级和
最高级,应双
写该辅音字母然后再加
–
er
或
-est.
big
-bigger-biggest
thin-thinner-thinnest
hot-hotter-hottest
red-redder-reddest
fat-fatter-
fattest
sad-sadder-
saddest
6).
大多数双音节形容词、副词和多音节
形容词的比较级和最高级在前面加
more
或
< br>most.
beautiful---
more beautiful---most beautiful
d
ifficult ---more difficult
---most difficul
tired---more tired
---most tired
careful---more careful---most careful
active---more active---most active
注:
①
形容词、副词前如加
less
和
least
则表示
较不
和
最不
important
重要
less important
较不重要
least important
最不重要
②
以
ly<
/p>
结尾的形容词比较级,最高级即可
+er, est,
也可
+more, most;
lovely---
lovelier---loveliest/more lovely---most lovely
7).
一些形容词无比较级和最高级,
如
favorite, right, wrong, perfect,
excellent, only, full,
maximum,
minimum, woolen(
表
“
材料
”
类
), American(
表
”
国籍
“<
/p>
类
)
等
.
2.
常用的不规则变化的形容词的比较级和最高级
:
good/well---better---best
much/many---more---most
bad/badly/ill---worse---worst
little---less
---least
far---farther---farthest
(
距离
) / further---
furthest(
程度
)
old--older--old
est(
年龄
,
旧
) / elder---eldest(
家庭成员长幼
,
不与
than
连用,
< br>只修饰名词
)
(
了解
). late---
later---latest (
较迟
---
最新的
) / latter---last (
较后
的
---
最后的,表顺序
)
注:<
/p>
more
与
+er
不能同时使用!
III.
形容词、副词比较级和最高级的用法
:
1.
形容词、副词比较级的用法
:
形容词
、副词的比较级用于两个人或事物的比较
,
其结构形式如下
p>
:
1).
主语
+
谓语
+
形容词
副词比较级
+than+
对比成分。
Our teacher is
taller
than we (are).
我们老师的个子比我们的高。
It is
warmer
today
than it was yesterday.
今天的天气比昨天暖和。
This picture looks
more
beautiful
than that one.
这张照片比那张照片漂亮。
This meeting is
less
important
than that one.
这次会议不如那次会议重要。
注:比较的东西必须同类。如:
My
bicycle is older than his.
(
√
)
My bicycle is
older than he. (
×
)
比较:
She loves
music
more
than him.
= She loves music more than she loves
him.
She
loves music
more
than he.
= She loves
music more than he does.
注:
That/those
代替同类事物的比较
The
weather in Chengdu is better than that
in Beijing
2).
T
he +
比较级,
the
+
比较级
越
p>
…
,越
…
The
bigger
the bottle is,
the
more
water it will hold.
瓶子越大,装的水越多。
The more
money
you give to him,
the happier
he is.
你给他的钱越多,他越高兴。
The
faster
you drive,
the more
dangerous
it will be.
你开得越快越危险。
3).
比较级
+and+
比较级
more and more +
原级
越来越
…
The weather is getting
colder and colder.
天气越来越冷。
He ran
faster
and faster
.
他跑得越来越快。
They take the boat out
more and more often
.
4). the +
比较级
+of
the two/twins
二者中更
…
的
He is the taller of the
two.
他是二者中更高的那个。
Which is the better of the two?
二者中哪个更好?
6).
比较级前可用表示数量或程度的词修饰,
常用的有
much, even, far, too,
no, a little,
a bit, still, a lot, any,
10%, twice, 3 times.
但不能用
p>
very
,
quite
来修饰。
He felt
no/a
little/a lot better
today.
他
今天感觉没有好一些
/
好一点
/
好很多。
That car runs
a
little
faster
.
那辆车跑得稍快一点。
She
is
6 years older
than her
brother.
她比她弟弟大
6
岁
。
That park is
4 times bigger
than this
one.
那个公园比这个大四倍。
2.
形容词、副词最高级的用法
:
形容词、副词最高级用于三个以上的人和物进行比较
,
使用时注意以下
2
点:
1).
形容词最高级前通常加定冠词
the,
副词最高级前面可加定冠词
the,
亦可省略
the.
She is the cleverest.
He ran (the) fastest
yesterday.
2).
形容词、
副词最高级后面可带
in /
of
短语或现在完成时的从句,
说明比较的范围。
She
is the tallest
of
the five
girls.
她是
5
个女孩里个子最
高的。
She is the
tallest
in
the class.
她是班上个子最高的。
Yao
Ming is the tallest man
that I’ve ever seen in Chin
a.
姚明是我在中国见过的最高
的人。
注:
(比较)
Which is
the biggest, the sun, the moon or the earth?
Which is
bigger, the sun or the moon?
IV.
形容词、副词比较级和最高级之间的相互转换:
1.
原级与比较级的转换:
Sandy is not so(as) careful as Simon. =
Simon is more careful than Sandy.
= Sandy is less careful than Simon.
Sandy doesn
’
t
work as/so hard as Simon. = Simon works harder
than Sandy.
2.
比较级与最高级的转换:
This building
is taller than
any other
building
in the city.
这座大楼比该市其他大楼都
高。
=This building
is taller than
the other
buildings
in the city.
=This
building is
the tallest of the
buildings
in the city.
注:
* Shanghai is
bigger than any other city in China.
(
同一范围
)
Shanghai is bigger than
any city in Japan
.
(
不同范围
)
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