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专题学习
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形容词
【导入】
1) He looks happy.
He is a happy boy.
2) He is looking at the dog happily.
思考:
1.
形容词和副词用法有什么不同点?
2.
形容词修饰什么词?副词修饰什么词?
【重点讲解】
知识点
1
:
形容词用法
1.
形容词概念:
用来修饰名词,表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词,叫形容词。<
/p>
2.
形容词作用,
是用来修饰、描绘名词的,通常在句中作定语、表语或宾补,有时还可作状语。
如:
This is an interesting
book. (
作定语)
He
is honest and hardworking.
(作表语)
I
found the book interesting.
(作宾补)
3.
在连系动词后
+adj
作表语;连词动词有
A.
be(
是
),look(
看起来
),feel(
摸上去
),
smell(
闻起来
),taste(
尝起来
),sound(
听起来
),
seem(
似乎是
), appear
(
似乎、显得
)
等。
< br>
B .
.
表“保持”词
:
remain(
依然
),keep(
保持
),stay(
保持
),continue(
继续、仍旧
),
C.
表
变化
的词
:
bec
ome(
变成
),
turn(
变成
),
grow(
变得
), get(
变得<
/p>
),go
(由好变坏)等
例如
:
The story sounds true.
Why don't you put the meat
in the fridge? It will stay fresh for several
days.
Put
the fish in the fridge, or it will go bad in hot
weather.
注意:
1).
只能作表语的形容词
: alone
,
alive
,
afraid
,
asleep
,
ill
,
interested
,
excited, surprised
等。
如:
That old man feels alone
because his children are out.
I'm afraid he can't
come
.
2).
以
ly
结尾的形容词有
fri
endly
,
lively
,
lovely
,
lonely
< br>,
likely
,
lovel
y
,等。
eg. Her
singing was lovely.
3).
有些以
-ly
结尾既为形容词,也为副词,如
daily
,
weekly
,
monthly
,
yearly
,
early
等。
The Times is a weekly
paper.
《时代周刊》为周刊。
4.
做宾语补足语
get sbsth adj
使得
某人、物
------
的
1
make sbsth adj
使得某人、物
------
的
keep sbsth adj
保持某物
-------
的
sb finds makes it adj to do sth
某人
发现
/
使
做某事
是
-
-----
的
Eg: Have you
got
everything ready
for the exam ?
你为考试做好每一种准备了吗?
The teachers
made us tired .
老师使得我们很累。
We must
keep the
classroom clean and tidy .
我们必须保持教室的干净与整洁
We
find it easy to
learn
English well.
我发现很容易学好英语。
5.. <
/p>
形容词与不定代词
something
,
anything
,
nothing<
/p>
,
everything
等连用时,要放
在这些词后面。
如:
Is
there anything interesting in today's newspaper?
6.
某些形容词可以和定冠词连用,
表示一类人或事物,
其作用相当于一个名词,
如:
the
young
(年
轻人),
the
poor
(穷人),
the
rich
(富人)。当其作主语时,谓语通常用复数形式。
如:
The rich and the poor live
in different parts of the city.
7.
多个形容词的排序。如果有两个以上的形容词修饰同一个名词时,其前后排列顺序一般如下:
p>
口诀:抽大高,形老色,国材用
限定词
(a/the
,
this
/
some
/
her…)+
数量词(先序数词后基数词)
+
观点<
/p>
+
大小
+
形状<
/p>
+
新旧
+
颜色<
/p>
+
产地
+
材料<
/p>
+
名词。如:
a dirty old
black shirt
一件又脏又旧的黑色衬衣
注:
1
)形容词短语做定语时要后置。
如:
They are the
students easy to teach.
他们是很容易较的学生。
2
)
else
要放在疑问代词或复合不定词之后<
/p>
。
如:
Did
you see anybody else?
你看到别的人了吗?
知识点
2
副词用法
副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子,有时也
能修饰名词,表示时间、地点、
方式、程度、动作、频度等,在句中主要用作状语。
p>
(1)
副词在句中的成分
A
作状语
如:
we should listen to our
teachers carefully
.我们应该认真听老师讲课。(副词修饰动词)
You are quite right.
(副词修饰形容词)
He ran very
fast.
(
副词修饰副词
)
Luckily, no one died in the accident.
(
副词修饰整个句子
)
2
B.
作定语
(时间副词和地点副词可以做后置定语)。
eg
The students here are all from Hubei.
C.
作表语
eg. What is on this
evening?
(
今晚上演什么节目。)
D.
作宾语补足语
e.g. Don't let him in.
(2)
频度副词(
always, usually, often,
sometimes, never
,
seldom
等)修饰动词时,放在连系动词和助
动词之后,行为动词之前,
如:
Mr. Smith usually comes to
school by car.
注意
:
1)
副词
very
可以修饰形容词,但不能修饰动词。
改错:(错)
I very like English.
(对)
I like
English very much.
2)
副词
e
nough
要放在
adj/adv
的后
面,形容词
enough
放在名词前后都可。
< br>
I
don't know him well enough.
他我不熟悉。
There is enough
food for everyone to
eat.
有足够的食物供每个人吃。
(3)
形容词变副词的规律
a.
一般的形容词在结尾加
ly
变为副词。例如:
careful-
carefully
b.
以元音加
e
结尾的单词要去
e
< br>在加
ly
。例如:
true-t
ruly
,
gentle
—
gently
c.
辅音加
y
结尾的单词去
y
变
i
在加
< br>ly
。例如:
angry-angrily
d.
单音节
y
结尾直接加
ly
。例如:
shy-shyly
e.
以
le
结尾的单词直接将
e
变为
y
。例如:
te
rrible-terribly, possible-possibly
f.
形容词、副词同形:
hard, fast,
friendly, late, early, lovely, long, well
。
这些单词加
ly
之后就变成其他意思的单词了。例如:
hardly
p>
就变成“几乎不”的意思,
是小学阶段五大隐形否定词(
few
,
little, never,
seldom, hardly
)之一。
练一练:
1. Mrs
White smiled _____ ( happy) when she received a
present from her daughter.
2. I changed
into my sports shoes so that I could walk more
____________(comfortable ).
3. Mary passed her examination because
she studied very ________( hard ).
4.
“Why didn’t you tell me
earlier?” The boss shouted
_______(angry).
5.
It’s ___(true) possible that robot
teachers will be popular in schools some day.
6. Last night it rained
__________(heavy) in the southern part of the
city.
3
知识点
3
形容词副词等级三种用法
一
)
、原级的用法
1.
只能修饰原级的词
, very,
quite, so, too
例如
, He is too tired to walk
on.
他太累了以至于不能再继续走了。
My brother runs
so fast that I can‘t follow him.
我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他。
2.
原级常用的句型结构
1) as
+adj/adv +as
eg. Tom runs as fast as Mike.
汤姆和迈克跑得一样快。
2) be+not+as/so+adv/adv
(
原级)
+as
This room is
not as/so big as that one.
这个房间不如那个大。
He doesn’t walk
as slowly as you.
他走路不像你那样慢。
句型转换:
1.I
don
’
t think math is
as interesting as
English.
=I think math is
less
interesting than
English.
=I
think English is
more interesting
than
math.
is
the same age as
Gina.= Mary
is
as old as
Gina.
has
longer
hair
than
Tom.
= Sam
’
s hair is
longer than
Tom
’
s.(than
用于接比较级对象,比较对象要一致。)
= Tom
’
s hair is
not
as long as
Sam
’
s.
二
)
、比较级的用法
< br>
1.
比较级标志的词:
p>
than.
(
than
前一定用比较级)
注意
:修饰形
容词或副词的比较级,表程度。
much, a lot,
far, …
的多
a little, a bit
一点;
even
甚至
,
still
仍然,
Lesson One is
much easier than Lesson Two.
第一课比第二课容易得多。
Tom looks even younger than
before.
汤姆甚至比以前更年轻。
2.
变化规则:
1
)规则变化
(
一加
e
去
y
变化,双写字母不用
怕。)
long---longer---longest
late---later---
latest
early---
earlier---earliest
big---bigger---biggest
outgoing---more outgoing---most
outgoing
4
2
)不规则变化
good/well---better---best
many/much---more---most
bad/badly---worse---worst
little---less---least
far---farther
---farthest / far---further---furthest
3.
比较级常用的句型结构
1)
比
较级表达法:
“
甲
+be+adj.<
/p>
比较级
+than+
乙
< br>”
表示
“
甲比乙
…”
Tom is taller than Kate.
汤姆比凯特高。
2
< br>)甲
+be+
倍数
+
比较级
+than+
乙
“
p>
甲比乙
…
几倍
”<
/p>
This room is
three times bigger than that one.
这个房间比那个大三倍。
3
)
of the two
这个介短语时,必须用比较级,且比较前须加
the.
如:
Of the two boys,Tom is the
taller one.
4
)
比较级,
the+
比较级
”
越
....
就越
.....:
The more careful you are,
the fewer mistakes you’ll make
5)
双重比较级:
“
比较级
+and+
比较级<
/p>
”
表示
“
越来越
……”
。
He
is getting taller and taller.
他变得越来越高了。
The
flowers are more and more beautiful.
花儿越来越漂亮。
6
)比较级
+than+the
other +n.(
复)
==
比较级
+than +any other
+n.(
单)
1. The Yangtze River is
longer than any other river in China.
=The Yangtze River is longer than any
of the other rivers in China.
=The Yangtze River is the
longest river in China.
is taller than
the other students in his class.
Tom is taller than any
other student in his class.
(the
other+
可数名词复数
=any
other+
可数名词单数)
is larger than any country in Africa.
三
)
.
形容词最高级
1
)
最高级标志词:
in, of, among.
Tom is the
tallest in his class. /of all the students.
2
)
or
用在选择疑问句中
。如果有两者供选择,前面的形容词或副词要用比较形式;
如果有三者或三都以上供选择,则要用最高级。
Which is bigger, the earth
or the moon
?
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