-
阅读理解细节题
命题分析
细节题是近几年高考考察得
最多的题型。
细节题要求考察学生对文章具体句子，
抽象概念的
理解，
以及考察
思维逻辑能力（并列、转折、对比、因果等关系
的考察）
。近几年细节题的考察平均每年
8-9
道，是占比最
重的题目。
常见的提问方式
无法总结，各种提问方式。
坚持马克思主义道路：具体问题具体分析。
解题思路
既然此类题型考的是细节，
那么重要的任务就是在文章中找到这个细节，也就是
定位
，继而
对
细节
上下文
的内容进行
判断
。
?
废话不多讲，直接讲步骤：
Step1
：判断题型
Step2
：从题干确定
关键词
（若题干没有关键词，从选项中确定关键词）
Step3
：由关键词到文中
定位
细节
Step4
：根据定位的
本句话
或
上下文
得到答案
Tips:
1.
<
/p>
定位题干的情况。题干中的关键词与原文是原词复现、
同义替换、
反义替换。
如果没有
出现复现和替换现象，不能随意确认答案句
的所在位置。
2.
正确答案一定与原文是同义替换。拒绝常识推理、
大概推理、估计推理、
应该推理这些
不合理推理。简单来讲，做题要有理有据。
3.
知其然，知其所以
然。明白对的选项为什么对，错的选项为什么错，哪种方式错。正确
选项在原文中有对应
的句子，
通常来说错误的选项在原文中也会有对应的句子，
但是
往
往错误选项会夸张曲解、张冠李戴、
无中生有、很有诱惑力的
常识推理，
以这些方式更
改原意。
经典例题一
2019
重庆
B
In
ancient
Egypt,
a
shopkeeper
discovered
that
he
could
attract
customers
to
his
shop
simply
by
making
changes
to
its
environment.
Modern
businesses
have
been
following
his
第
1
页
lead,with more
tactics
（策略）
.
One
tactic involves where to display the goods.
For example, stores place fruits and
vegetables
in the first section. They
know that customers who buy the healthy food first
will feel happy so that
they will buy
more junk food
（垃圾食品）
later in
their trip. In department stores, section is
generally
next to the women’s
cosmetics(
化妆品
)
section
：
while the shop
assistant is going back to find the
right size shoe, bored customers are
likely to wander over cosmetics they might want to
try later.
Beside
s, businesses seek to
appeal to customers’ senses.
Stores
notice that the smell of baked
goods
encourages shopping, they make their own bread
each morning and then fan the bread smell
into
the
store
throughout
the
day.
Music
sells
goods,
too.
Researchers
in
Britain
found
that
when
French
music was played, sales of French wine went up.
When it comes to the
selling of houses, businesses also use highly
rewarding tactics.
They
find
that customers make decision in the first few
second upon walking in the door, and turn it into
a
business opportunity. A California
builder designed the structure of its houses
smartly. When entering
the house, the
customer would see the Pacific Ocean through the
windows, and then the poll through
an
open stairway leading to the lower level.
The instant view of water on both
levels helped sell
these $$10 million
houses.
ing to Paragraph 3, which of
the following encourages customers to buy?
A. Opening the store early in the
morning.
B. Displaying British wines
next to French ones.
C. Inviting
customers to play music.
D. Filling the
store with the smell of fresh bread.
【解析】
1.
分析文章结构，总
-
分。
第一段：现代商人吸引顾客的策略。
第二段：策略一，如何展示商品。
第三段：策略二，吸引顾客的感觉。
第四段：策略三，如何卖房子。
既然
是总分结构，文章的中心主旨自然在第一段。根据后面极端的每一句话分析，文章主旨应
该是最后一句话。首段的结构是进行前后对比的结构，采用对比是为了强调后者，因此中心应
该是最后一句。
2.
选项分析
:
细节题的黄金法则是定位。
做题步骤
，
第一步是确定关键词：
encourages
customers
to buy
。
原文很轻松地定位到第三段
encourages shopping
< br>。
根据答案在本句，
上一句或者下一句
< br>的原则，看完三句话开始找答案。此题考点：多个并列结构中，往往喜欢考察最后一个并列结
构的内容。正确选项中的
Filling=fan
into
。
A. Opening
the store
early
in the
morning.
第一个并列结构，加入意义。
B. Displaying British wines next to
French ones.
本段最后一句话，曲解原意。
C. Inviting customers to play music.
倒数第二句话，曲解原意。
D.
Filling the store with the smell of fresh bread. <
/p>
此题是属于细节题中的简单题型，其他选项很容易排除，文章本身也很容易看懂。
第
2
页
经典例题二
2019
安徽
B
When her five daughters were young,
Helene An always told them that there was strength
in unity (
团结
).
To show this, she held up one
chopstick, representing one person. Then she
easily
broke it into two pieces. Next,
she tied several chopsticks together, representing
a family. She showed
the girls it was
hard to break the tied chopsticks.
This
lesson about family unity stayed with the
daughters as they grew up.
Helene
An
and
her
family
own
a
large
restaurant
business
in
California.
However,
when
Helene and her husband Danny left their
home in Vietnam in 1975, they didn't have much
money.
They moved their family to San
Francisco. There they joined Danny's mother,
Diana, who owned a
small Italian
sandwich shop. Soon afterwards, Helene and Diana
changed the sandwich shop into a
small
Vietnamese
restaurant.
The
five
daughters
helped
in
the
restaurant
when
they
were
young.
However,
Helene
did
not
want
her
daughters
to
always
work
in
the
family
business
because
she
thought it was too hard.
Eventually the girls all graduated from
college and went away to work for themselves, but
one by one, the daughters returned to
work in the family business.
They
opened new restaurants
in
San
Francisco
and
Los
Angeles.
Even
though
family
members
sometimes
disagreed
with
each
other,
they
worked
together
to
make
the
business
successful.
Daughter
Elisabeth
explains,
mother
taught us that to succeed we must have unity, and
to have unity we must have peace. Without
the strength of the family, there is no
business.
Their
expanding
business
became
a
large
corporation
in
2019,
with
three
generations
of
Ans working
together.
Now the Ans' corporation
makes more than $$20 million each year. Although
they began with a small restaurant,
they had big dreams, and they worked together.
Now they are a
big success.
61. We can I earn from Paragraph 2 that
the An family ______.
A. started a
business in 1975
B. left Vietnam without much money
D. opened a sandwich shop in Los
Angeles
C. bought a restaurant in San
Francisco
62. What can we infer about
the An daughters?
A. They did not
finish their college education.
B. They
could not bear to work in the family business.
C. They were influenced by what Helene
taught them.
D. They were troubled by
disagreement among family members.
【解析】
1.
分析文章结构，时间顺序。
第一段：孩子小的时候，告诉孩子们要团结。
第二段：在加州做生意的经历。
第三段：女儿们长大后回到家族里经营生意。
第
3
页
第四段：生意成功发展为大公司。
这
边文章是属于有中心主旨的记叙文类型。文章的核心关键词是家庭团结，以此为线索展开。
在第一段提出中心主旨，后面几段利用一个故事用来证明中心主旨。
2.
选项分析：
61.
此种题型是由题干无法获取关键词信息的题型。面对这
种题型，我们只能一一对应选项回
去定位。刚好每个选项都包含数字、大写的专有名词，
非常好定位。
A.
started
a business in 1975
started
这个词根本就无从得
知，这种迷迷糊糊，不知对错的选项是绝对不能选的。
B.
left Vietnam without much money
与原文
left their home in
Vietnam in 1975, they didn't have much
money.
完美对应
C.
bought a restaurant in San Francisco
与
San Francisco
相关的
动作只有两个，
一个是
move
，
另一个是
join
，
任意一个都不能与
bought
这个词进行同义替换。
D. opened a sandwich shop in
Los Angeles
Los
Angeles
没有出现？
see you
lala
，再见。事实上，
Los Angeles
这个词出现在下一段，范围都
不在同一段，错定了。而
sandwich shop
的地点应该是
San
Francisco
。出题专家真会想。
62.
此题又是选项定位型。由于题目没有规定范围，一定能要记得一条原则，
范围一定是在具
体的某一段
，不会是整篇文
章东一点西一点。这样出题是要拖出去枪毙的。根据选项定位到哪
一段就是哪一段。其次
，如果是感觉整篇跑的，做题方法只有一个，中心主旨。那么这种题就
是考中心主旨不是
细节题！大概浏览一下选项，此题考第三段。
A. They
did not finish their college education.
the girls all graduated from college
此选项俗称扫盲选项。视力正常均能准确定位并排除。
B. They could not bear to work in the
family business.
the daughters returned
to work in the family business.
考察考生认不认识
bear
C. They were influenced by what Helene
taught them.
定位到引号里面的那句话。没有团结就没有成功
=
影响。
D.
They were troubled by disagreement among family
members.
Even though
表转折，说话的中
心是在后面，重点在后面！后半句讲成功，态度是正的，因此
D
错误，态度不对。
经典例题三
Every eight-year-old girl has a dream.
Many want to be princesses, some want
to be cowgirls,
a
few
want
to
be
presidents.
Me?
I
wanted
to
see
the
penguins.
So,
at
a
time
when
most
of
my
friends were spending
their money on Barbie dolls and colorful hair
ties, I was saving for a trip
to New
Zealand.
A small and relatively unknown
island off the coast of New Zealand, Snares Island
is home
第
4
页
to some 25,000
penguins.
When I first heard of this
penguin paradise(
乐园
),my
eight-year-old heart
was captured and I
was determined that, one way or another, I would
see those penguins.
I didn’t have a
bank account, but I did have a small
piggy bank
(
储蓄罐
).
I spent my days
working hard to earn money, and my
evenings figuring out how much more I needed to
earn each
year to take the trip when I
turned 18. I weeded my mom’s garden, made
my
brother’s bed, and killed
spiders for my sister, then put every
hard-earned
dime
（
十分铸币）
into that bank. Every day, I would
look at my progress and congratulate
myself on being one step closer to the penguin
paradise.
Obviously, my trip hasn’t
taken place,
and because of the limit
on visiting Snares Island, I
doubt it
ever will.
For months, though, my world
surrounds what would have been my favorite place.
And while my ten-year plan slowly
disappeared, and those hard-earned dimes were
spent on other
things, the memory of
Snares Island stays with me.
Other
girls may have outgrown
(
长大而不再要
) their princess,
cowgirl, or president phases
(
时期
),but I refuse
to outgrow my penguin because, maybe, just maybe,
the world is still in my
grasp, goals
can be achieved, and af
ter all,
someone’s got to see those penguins!
60. The author was saving money in
order to
.
A. buy
colorful hair ties
B.
become a princess
C. have Barbie dolls
D. see the
penguins
61. The underlined word
“captured”
in Paragraph 2
mean
s “
”.
A. encouraged
B. attracted
C.
frightened
D
. understood
63. We can learn from this passage that
the author
.
A. hasn’t given up hope of seeing the
penguins
B.
is very happy to have saved a lot of money
C. liked traveling very much at the age
of eight
D. will go to
some other places to see penguins
【解析】
1.
分析文章结构，总
-
分
-
总。
第一段：
8
岁的梦想：看企鹅。
第二段：选择去新西兰的原因。
第三段：为梦想存钱。
第四段：梦想没有实现。
第五段：继续坚持梦想：看企鹅。
本
文是一个记叙文，
中心主旨讲的是作者拥有并坚持着去看企鹅的一个梦想。本文没有明确
的
中心主旨，但从首段和末段可以概括出主旨。
2.
长难句分析：
Other
girls
may
have
outgrown
(
长大而不再要
)
their
princess,
cowgirl,
or
president phases
(
时期
),but I refuse to outgrow
my penguin because, maybe, just maybe, the
world
is
still
in
my
grasp,
goals
can
be
achieved,
and
after
all,
someone’s
got
to
see
those
penguins!
3.
选项分析：
60.
这道题考察的是文中的逻辑关系，因果关系。
sav
ing money
定位回第一段的最后一句。出现
so
，说明原因在前面。
A
、
C
的位置是在
so
后面，这两个选
项是一定要排除的。
B
选项对象错
误。
第
5
页