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阅读理解--细节题

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2021-02-01 16:23
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2021年2月1日发(作者:enthusiasm)


阅读理解细节题




命题分析



细节题是近几年高考考察得 最多的题型。


细节题要求考察学生对文章具体句子,


抽象概念的 理解,


以及考察


思维逻辑能力(并列、转折、对比、因果等关系 的考察)


。近几年细节题的考察平均每年


8-9


道,是占比最


重的题目。



常见的提问方式



无法总结,各种提问方式。



坚持马克思主义道路:具体问题具体分析。



解题思路



既然此类题型考的是细节, 那么重要的任务就是在文章中找到这个细节,也就是


定位


,继而 对


细节


上下文


的内容进行


判断




?



废话不多讲,直接讲步骤:



Step1


:判断题型



Step2


:从题干确定


关键词

(若题干没有关键词,从选项中确定关键词)



Step3


:由关键词到文中


定位


细节

< p>


Step4


:根据定位的


本句话



上下文


得到答案

< p>


Tips:


1.


< /p>


定位题干的情况。题干中的关键词与原文是原词复现、


同义替换、 反义替换。


如果没有


出现复现和替换现象,不能随意确认答案句 的所在位置。



2.



正确答案一定与原文是同义替换。拒绝常识推理、


大概推理、估计推理、


应该推理这些


不合理推理。简单来讲,做题要有理有据。



3.



知其然,知其所以 然。明白对的选项为什么对,错的选项为什么错,哪种方式错。正确


选项在原文中有对应 的句子,


通常来说错误的选项在原文中也会有对应的句子,


但是 往


往错误选项会夸张曲解、张冠李戴、


无中生有、很有诱惑力的 常识推理,


以这些方式更


改原意。



经典例题一






2019


重庆



B


In


ancient


Egypt,


a


shopkeeper


discovered


that


he


could


attract


customers


to


his


shop


simply


by


making


changes


to


its


environment.


Modern


businesses


have


been


following


his



1




lead,with more tactics


(策略)


.


One tactic involves where to display the goods.


For example, stores place fruits and vegetables


in the first section. They know that customers who buy the healthy food first will feel happy so that


they will buy more junk food


(垃圾食品)


later in their trip. In department stores, section is generally


next to the women’s cosmetics(


化妆品


) section



while the shop assistant is going back to find the


right size shoe, bored customers are likely to wander over cosmetics they might want to try later.



Beside


s, businesses seek to appeal to customers’ senses.


Stores notice that the smell of baked


goods encourages shopping, they make their own bread each morning and then fan the bread smell


into


the


store


throughout


the


day.


Music


sells


goods,


too.


Researchers


in


Britain


found


that


when


French music was played, sales of French wine went up.



When it comes to the selling of houses, businesses also use highly rewarding tactics.


They


find that customers make decision in the first few second upon walking in the door, and turn it into a


business opportunity. A California builder designed the structure of its houses smartly. When entering


the house, the customer would see the Pacific Ocean through the windows, and then the poll through


an open stairway leading to the lower level.


The instant view of water on both levels helped sell


these $$10 million houses.


ing to Paragraph 3, which of the following encourages customers to buy?


A. Opening the store early in the morning.


B. Displaying British wines next to French ones.


C. Inviting customers to play music.


D. Filling the store with the smell of fresh bread.


【解析】



1.


分析文章结构,总


-


分。



第一段:现代商人吸引顾客的策略。



第二段:策略一,如何展示商品。



第三段:策略二,吸引顾客的感觉。



第四段:策略三,如何卖房子。



既然 是总分结构,文章的中心主旨自然在第一段。根据后面极端的每一句话分析,文章主旨应


该是最后一句话。首段的结构是进行前后对比的结构,采用对比是为了强调后者,因此中心应

该是最后一句。



2.


选项分析


:


细节题的黄金法则是定位。


做题步骤 ,


第一步是确定关键词:


encourages customers


to buy



原文很轻松地定位到第三段


encourages shopping

< br>。


根据答案在本句,


上一句或者下一句

< br>的原则,看完三句话开始找答案。此题考点:多个并列结构中,往往喜欢考察最后一个并列结


构的内容。正确选项中的


Filling=fan into




A. Opening the store


early


in the morning.


第一个并列结构,加入意义。



B. Displaying British wines next to French ones.


本段最后一句话,曲解原意。



C. Inviting customers to play music.


倒数第二句话,曲解原意。



D. Filling the store with the smell of fresh bread. < /p>


此题是属于细节题中的简单题型,其他选项很容易排除,文章本身也很容易看懂。




2




经典例题二



2019


安徽



B


When her five daughters were young, Helene An always told them that there was strength


in unity (


团结


).


To show this, she held up one chopstick, representing one person. Then she easily


broke it into two pieces. Next, she tied several chopsticks together, representing a family. She showed


the girls it was hard to break the tied chopsticks.


This lesson about family unity stayed with the


daughters as they grew up.



Helene


An


and


her


family


own


a


large


restaurant


business


in


California.


However,


when


Helene and her husband Danny left their home in Vietnam in 1975, they didn't have much money.


They moved their family to San Francisco. There they joined Danny's mother, Diana, who owned a


small Italian sandwich shop. Soon afterwards, Helene and Diana changed the sandwich shop into a


small


Vietnamese


restaurant.


The


five


daughters


helped


in


the


restaurant


when


they


were


young.


However,


Helene


did


not


want


her


daughters


to


always


work


in


the


family


business


because


she


thought it was too hard.


Eventually the girls all graduated from college and went away to work for themselves, but


one by one, the daughters returned to work in the family business.


They opened new restaurants


in


San


Francisco


and


Los


Angeles.


Even


though


family


members


sometimes


disagreed


with


each


other,


they


worked


together


to


make


the


business


successful.


Daughter


Elisabeth


explains,



mother taught us that to succeed we must have unity, and to have unity we must have peace. Without


the strength of the family, there is no business.


Their


expanding


business


became


a


large


corporation


in


2019,


with


three


generations


of


Ans working together.


Now the Ans' corporation makes more than $$20 million each year. Although


they began with a small restaurant, they had big dreams, and they worked together.


Now they are a


big success.


61. We can I earn from Paragraph 2 that the An family ______.


A. started a business in 1975








B. left Vietnam without much money


D. opened a sandwich shop in Los Angeles


C. bought a restaurant in San Francisco


62. What can we infer about the An daughters?


A. They did not finish their college education.


B. They could not bear to work in the family business.


C. They were influenced by what Helene taught them.


D. They were troubled by disagreement among family members.


【解析】



1.


分析文章结构,时间顺序。



第一段:孩子小的时候,告诉孩子们要团结。



第二段:在加州做生意的经历。



第三段:女儿们长大后回到家族里经营生意。




3




第四段:生意成功发展为大公司。



这 边文章是属于有中心主旨的记叙文类型。文章的核心关键词是家庭团结,以此为线索展开。


在第一段提出中心主旨,后面几段利用一个故事用来证明中心主旨。



2.


选项分析:



61.


此种题型是由题干无法获取关键词信息的题型。面对这 种题型,我们只能一一对应选项回


去定位。刚好每个选项都包含数字、大写的专有名词, 非常好定位。



A.


started


a business in 1975



started


这个词根本就无从得 知,这种迷迷糊糊,不知对错的选项是绝对不能选的。



B. left Vietnam without much money


与原文


left their home in Vietnam in 1975, they didn't have much money.


完美对应



C. bought a restaurant in San Francisco




San Francisco


相关的 动作只有两个,


一个是


move



另一个是


join



任意一个都不能与


bought


这个词进行同义替换。



D. opened a sandwich shop in Los Angeles


Los Angeles


没有出现?


see you lala


,再见。事实上,


Los Angeles

< p>
这个词出现在下一段,范围都


不在同一段,错定了。而

sandwich shop


的地点应该是


San Francisco


。出题专家真会想。


62.


此题又是选项定位型。由于题目没有规定范围,一定能要记得一条原则,


范围一定是在具


体的某一段


,不会是整篇文 章东一点西一点。这样出题是要拖出去枪毙的。根据选项定位到哪


一段就是哪一段。其次 ,如果是感觉整篇跑的,做题方法只有一个,中心主旨。那么这种题就


是考中心主旨不是 细节题!大概浏览一下选项,此题考第三段。



A. They did not finish their college education.


the girls all graduated from college


此选项俗称扫盲选项。视力正常均能准确定位并排除。



B. They could not bear to work in the family business.


the daughters returned to work in the family business.


考察考生认不认识


bear



C. They were influenced by what Helene taught them.


定位到引号里面的那句话。没有团结就没有成功

< p>
=


影响。



D. They were troubled by disagreement among family members.


Even though


表转折,说话的中 心是在后面,重点在后面!后半句讲成功,态度是正的,因此


D


错误,态度不对。



经典例题三



Every eight-year-old girl has a dream.


Many want to be princesses, some want to be cowgirls,


a


few


want


to


be


presidents.


Me?


I


wanted


to


see


the


penguins.


So,


at


a


time


when


most


of


my


friends were spending their money on Barbie dolls and colorful hair ties, I was saving for a trip


to New Zealand.


A small and relatively unknown island off the coast of New Zealand, Snares Island is home








4




to some 25,000 penguins.


When I first heard of this penguin paradise(


乐园


),my eight-year-old heart


was captured and I was determined that, one way or another, I would see those penguins.


I didn’t have a bank account, but I did have a small


piggy bank


(


储蓄罐


).


I spent my days


working hard to earn money, and my evenings figuring out how much more I needed to earn each


year to take the trip when I turned 18. I weeded my mom’s garden, made my



brother’s bed, and killed


spiders for my sister, then put every hard-earned dime



十分铸币)



into that bank. Every day, I would


look at my progress and congratulate myself on being one step closer to the penguin paradise.


Obviously, my trip hasn’t taken place,


and because of the limit on visiting Snares Island, I


doubt it ever will.


For months, though, my world surrounds what would have been my favorite place.


And while my ten-year plan slowly disappeared, and those hard-earned dimes were spent on other


things, the memory of Snares Island stays with me.


Other girls may have outgrown (


长大而不再要


) their princess, cowgirl, or president phases


(


时期


),but I refuse to outgrow my penguin because, maybe, just maybe, the world is still in my


grasp, goals can be achieved, and af


ter all, someone’s got to see those penguins!



60. The author was saving money in order to










.


A. buy colorful hair ties







B. become a princess





C. have Barbie dolls








D. see the penguins


61. The underlined word


“captured”


in Paragraph 2 mean


s “








”.



A. encouraged




B. attracted





C. frightened


D


. understood


63. We can learn from this passage that the author








.


A. hasn’t given up hope of seeing the penguins












B. is very happy to have saved a lot of money


C. liked traveling very much at the age of eight











D. will go to some other places to see penguins


【解析】



1.


分析文章结构,总


-



-

< p>
总。



第一段:


8


岁的梦想:看企鹅。



第二段:选择去新西兰的原因。



第三段:为梦想存钱。



第四段:梦想没有实现。



第五段:继续坚持梦想:看企鹅。



本 文是一个记叙文,


中心主旨讲的是作者拥有并坚持着去看企鹅的一个梦想。本文没有明确 的


中心主旨,但从首段和末段可以概括出主旨。



2.


长难句分析:


Other


girls


may


have


outgrown


(


长大而不再要


)


their


princess,


cowgirl,


or


president phases (


时期


),but I refuse to outgrow my penguin because, maybe, just maybe, the


world


is


still


in


my


grasp,


goals


can


be


achieved,


and


after


all,


someone’s


got


to


see


those


penguins!


3.


选项分析:


60.


这道题考察的是文中的逻辑关系,因果关系。


sav ing money


定位回第一段的最后一句。出现


so


,说明原因在前面。


A


C


的位置是在


so


后面,这两个选 项是一定要排除的。


B


选项对象错


误。




5



-


-


-


-


-


-


-


-



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