-
路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索
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大学英语四级翻译高频语法考点
（一
）虚拟语气：虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，
所
说的是一个条件，
不一定是事实，
或与事实相反。
虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表
示。
1
．由
“ if
”
引导的虚拟语气
（
1
）
与现在的事实相反：
(<
/p>
从句：
If ... + were/did...
，
主句：
...+ would / could
/ might / should do...)
If I knew his
telephone number, I would tell you.
（事实：不知道）
If there
were no air or water, there would be no living
things on the earth.
(
事实：
地球上既
有空气也有水
)
（
2
）
与过去的事实相反：
(
从句：
If
... + had done...
，
主句：
...+would / could / might / should have
done...)
If I had gotten
there earlier, I should / could have met her.
（事实：去晚了）
If he
had taken my advice, he would not have made such a
mistake.
（事实：没有听我的话）
< br>（
3
）与将来的事实可能相反：
(
从句
If ...+ should /were to
do...
，主句：
...+ would do...)
If it should rain tomorrow, what would
you do?
（事实：可能不下雨）
（
4
）表示错综复杂的条件：主句与从句的动作发生在不同
的时间，一个发生在过去，一个
发生在现在。
If Paul had received six more votes in
the last election
，
he would
be our chairman now.
主句的谓语部分为
would
be
，因为有
now
限制；而从句的谓语部分为
had received
，
因为从句时间为过去（
in the
last election
）
。主句和从句属不同的时间范畴
，分别用各自
对应的谓语形式。
（<
/p>
5
）
跳层式条件结构形式：
条件结构通过跳过一层以含蓄的方式表达出来，
因此行文简练。
表示同现在事实相反之假想：
would /
could do + but
接现在时陈述句
表示同过去事实相反之假想：
would / could
have done + but
接过去时陈述句
He would gain weight but he
doesn
’
t eat enough.
主句
He would gain
weight
后跳过了
if he
ate enough
这一条件句。
I would have gone with you but I was
too tired.
主句
I would have
gone with you
后跳过了
if I had
not been tired
这一条件句。
（
6
）虚拟条件句的倒装：虚拟条件句的从句部分含
有
were, should,
或
had
时
,
可省略
if
，
再把
were,
should
或
had
移到从句的句首，实行倒装。
Had
Paul received six more votes in the last
election
，
he would be our
chairman now.
（
7
）与介词连用表示条件的结构形式：通过
without,
but for
表示条件。
Without your guidance, we should /
would fail.
But for your timely rescue,
the boy would have drowned.
2
．用在表示建议、命令、要求等的宾语从句中
从句谓语形式为：
“...(should ) + do s
th
.
”
（在美语中
< br>should
常省去）
。
类似用
法的动词有：
suggest
（建议）
，
advise
（建议）
，
propose
（建议）
，
recommend
（推荐）
，
mo
ve
（动议）
，
urge
（敦促）
，
advocate
（拥护、
提倡）
；
command
（命令）
，
order
（命令）
；
demand
（要
求）
，
desire
（要求、请求）<
/p>
，
request
（请求）
，
require
（需要、要求）
< br>，
ask
（要求）
，
maintain
（坚决主张）
，
insist
（坚持要求）
；
decide
（决定）
，
arrang
e
（安排）等后面的宾语从句中。
这
些词的名词形式后的同位语从句或表语从句谓语形式也为：
“...(should )
+ do sth
.
”
（在
美语中
should
常省去）
。
1
路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索
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百度文库
My suggestion is that a special
committee (should) be set up to look into the
problem.
（建立起特
别委员会以便调查问题）
My suggestion that a special committee
(should) be set up to look into the problem is
still in the
air.
3
．用在
“It + be +
important (necessary, essential, desirable, vital,
compulsory, crucial, imperative,
natural, obligatory, preferable,
strange, urgent, desirable
等表“重要的、必须的”的形
容词，以
及表示
“建议、
命令、
要求”
等词的分词或形容词形式如
insis
ted, suggested, ordered, requested,
arranged,
recommended,
advisable,
等
)
+
that
...”
结构中的
that
引导的主
语从句中，谓语形式
为：
“...(should ) +
do
sth
.
”
。
It
’
is strange
that you (should) say such a thing
4
．用在
It is time
that ...
结构中，表示
“
该
做某事而没做
”
，含建议的意思，所以用虚拟语气，
用动词过去时。
It is time that ...
结构中
time
前可加
about
（表示
“
大约<
/p>
”
，婉和语气）或
high
（表示
“
强调
”
，加强语气）等。
I am getting
tired. It is (about) time (that) we went to bed.
咱们该睡觉了。
在这一句式中，
从句的过去式也可改为
should+
动词
原形，
但第二式是极为正式的文体，
should
不能省去。
It is (high) time
that you should get married and settle down.
注意：以下句式不是虚拟语气，用法也不同。
It is the first / second
time
that…
从句动词用现在完成时
It was the first t / second
time
that…
从句动词用过去完成时
It is the first time I have been here.
It was the second time I had been
there.
5
．表愿望的虚拟语气
（
1
）
wish
、
if only
后
的虚
拟语
气
wi
sh
后的从句用一般过
去
时
或
过
去
进
行
时
表示一
种与现
在事
实
相反的愿望
；
用
过
去完
成
时或过
去完成
进
行<
/p>
时
表示
与过
去事
实
相反的愿望
；
若用
would
则
表示
请
求或
对现
状不
满希
望将来有所改变
等。
If only
的用法和
I
wish
等基本相同，只是更富有感情色彩。
If only
（
=I
wish
）
I were
(
而不是
was) young again.
(
事实：不再年轻
)
If
only
（
=I
wish
）
I had not cheated at
the examination. (
事实：已作弊
)
（
2
）
would
rather
后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气
would
rather
／
would
sooner
和
would just as soon
等表示“宁愿”
。其后如接宾语从句用
一般过
去时表示对现在或将来的一种愿望。
然而，
若谈论的是过去的行
为或情况，
宾语从句
则用过去完成形式。
I would rather you
didn
’
t do anything about it
for the time being.
I
’
d rather you
hadn
’
t done that when you
were younger.
6. lest, for
fear that, in case
的虚拟语气
lest
（以免；免得）
，
for fear that
（生怕，唯恐）和
in ca
se
（以防）引导的目的状语从句
中，用
“should+
动词原形
”
，其谓
语部分
should
可以省略。
in
case
引导的从句中陈述之事发
生的可能性大，也可用陈述
语气。
I was afraid to open the
door for fear that / lest he (should) follow me
2
路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索
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百度文库
You must wake him early in
case he
（
should
）
be late for school
．
或
You must wake him early in
case he is late for school
．
7
．
as
if
／
as though
方式状语<
/p>
从句
中的虚拟语
气
从句用一般过
去
时
表示和
现
在事
实
相反或
对现
在的情况有所
怀
疑
；
用
过
去完成
时表示过
去想象中的
动
作或情况。
但是，
若在
seem
／
look
／
sound
／
smell
等动词
之后，
谓语动词
用来
表示事
实
上可能存在的事
实时
，也可以用
陈
述<
/p>
语
气。
He
often talks as if he were my father.
(
事实：不是我父亲
)
It
looks as if it is going to
rain.
（从句用陈述语气）
虚拟语气练习题
1. Some
women ______________________
(
本来能够挣一份很好的工资
) in a job
instead of
staying home, but they
decided not to work for the sake of the family.
2. But for his help, I
______________________________
(
我不可能这么早完成
).
3. I
__________________________
(
不会诉诸法律
) a court of law if I
hadn’t been so desperate.
4.
Please be careful when you are drinking coffee in
case you____(
弄脏了新地毯
).
5.
The
victim
___________________________
(
本来会有机会活下来
)if
he
had
been
taken
to
hospital
in time .
6. You would not have failed
if you _________________________(
按照我的指令
去做
).
7. You'd better take a
sweater with you ______________________________(
以防天气冷
).
8. If she
had returned an hour earlier, Mary________________
_______(
就不会被大雨淋了
)
。
9. It is suggested that
the air conditioner________________________(
要安装在窗户旁边
)
10. The
professor required that _____________________ (
我们交研究报告
)
。
11.I suggested he _____________________
___
（使自己适应）
his
new conditions.
12. If you had followed
my advice then, ________________________now.
(
你就不会陷入麻烦）
13
.Frankly speaking, I’d rather you __
___________________(
不采取任何措施
) about it for the
time being.
14. He wears a pair of sunglasses _____
____________________(
惟恐被别人认出来
).
15
. It’s time
_______________________(
采取措施
) about the traffic problem downtown.
16. There was a knock at the door. It
was the second time someone
_______________________
(
打扰我
) that
evening.
17. The manager would rather
his daughter ____________________(
不在同一个
办公室内工作
).
18. Jane is tired
of dealing with customer complaints and wishes
that she_____(
能被分配做另一
项工作
)
19. They requested that
___________________________
(
我借的书还回图书馆
) by next Friday.
参考答案：
1. could have made a good salary
(
跳层式条件结构形式
)
2.
would not have finished so early
3.
would not have resorted to / would have never
resorted to
4. (should)
stain the new carpet
5. would have had
a chance to survive / would have had a chance of
survival
6. had followed my
instructions / orders
7. in case it
should turn / become cold (
用虚拟语气
).
或者
in case it turns /
becomes cold (
用陈述
3
路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索
-
百度文库
语气
)
8.
wouldn’t have been caught in
rain
.
9. (should) be
installed by the window
10. we (should)
hand in our / the research report(s)
11
.(should) adapt himself to
12. you would not be in trouble.
（表示错综复杂的条件：从句动作发生在过去，主句动作发生
在现在）
13
. didn’t do
anything
/ didn
’
t
take any measures
14. for fear that he
(should) be recognized
15. some
measures were taken / something should be done
16. had interrupted me
17. did not work in the same office
18. .could be assigned to do another
job
19. I (should) return the book I
borrowed to the library
（二）倒装
1
．当“
only+
状语”位于句首
表示强调时用倒装，这种倒装为部分倒装。即助动词
/
系动
词
/
情态动词
+
主语
+
谓语部分其它成分，
如
only<
/p>
不在句首或虽在句首但不修辞状语时用正
常语序。
Only when you have obtained
sufficient data can you come to a sound conclusion
.
（你才能得出合
理的结论）
Only
in
this
way
will
we
catch
up
with
the
world
’
s
advanced
levels
in
science
and
technology.
（我们才会赶上世界的先进科学技术水平）
其他如：
only then, only once,
only in America / China, only after the
accident
等。
2
．
never
等具有否
定意义的词或词组居于句首时用倒装。
这类词或词组常用的有
：
never
，
seldom
，
rarely
，
li
ttle
，
hardly
，
scarcely
，
not
until
，
by no
means
，
under no
circumstances
，
under no
condition
，
in no way
(
决不
)
，
in no case (
决不
)
，
no
sooner
(than)
，
hardly
(when)
，
barely (
仅仅
，几乎不
)
，
on no
account
，
in no circumstances
(
决
不
)
，<
/p>
not a bit
，
nowhere<
/p>
，
not
only
…
but
also
等。
Not only
was Churchill a statesman, but also a poet.
Never in all my life have I heard such
nonsense. (
听到过这样的胡说八道
)
3.
用于
neither, nor
及
so
后面
The
plan does not work satisfactorily, nor have we
ever expected it to work.
（我们也从未指望过
它起作用）
So much does he worry about his
financial position that he
can
’
t sleep at night.
4
．
the
+
比较级
…
the +
比较级结构中的倒装，相当于“越
…
，越
…
”
The
busier I am, the happier I feel.
越忙越有劲。
The more
people we have, the better it will be.
人越多越好。
第二个
the+
比较级引导的主句中，
可用现在时或将来时，
现在时比将来时更为强调，
第二个
th
e+
比较级引导的主句也可采用部分倒装（一般可不用）
。
The busier I am, the happier
do I feel.
4
路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索
-
百度文库
The more people we have, the better
will it be.
倒装句型练习题
20. The
witness was told that under no
circumstances_______________________.
(
他都不应该
对法庭说谎
)
21. _______________________(
直到截止日他才寄出
) his application form.
22. Only in the small
town_____________________________.
(
他才感到安全和放松
)
only
_________________________(
他向我收费过高
)
，
but also he
didn
’
t do a good repair
job either.
24. The more you
explain, ____________________________
(
我愈糊涂
).
25.______
_____________________(
直到他完成使命
)did he realize that he was seriously ill.
26. The more exercise you take,
______________________________.
(
你越不大可能感冒
)
27.
The manager never laughed; neither________________
________(
她也从来没有发过脾气
.
28
. If you won’t agree
t
o our plan,___________________________
(
他们也不会同意
).
29. He
was disabled from birth, but he never felt
frustrated, ______________________(
也从未屈
服于任何困难
).
30: ____
_____________________(
我刚刚到家
)
than the telephone rang.
university
authorities did not approve the
regulation,
______________________
(
也没
有解释为什么
)
参考答案：
20. should he lie to / in the court
21. Not until the deadline did he send
(out)
22. does he feel secure / safe
and relaxed
23. Not only did he charge
me too much
或
Not only did he
overcharge me
24. the more
confused I am
25. Not until he finished
the mission
26. The less likely you
will catch a cold
27. had
she lost her temper
28. neither will
they
never yielded to any difficulties
as well / and never did he yield to any
difficulties as well
30. No sooner had
I got home
或
I had no sooner
reached home
31. nor did they explain
the reasons
（三）强调
1
．
It is / was
+
被强调部分
+that/who
对于这个结构，需要注意以下几点：
（
1
）被强调部分主要是主语、宾语、宾补和状语，不能强调表
语；强调句也可用来强调
特
殊疑
问
句中的疑
问词
。
When is it that you will set off?
（
2
）被强调
部分如果是
人，
that
可用
who
／
whom
替代：在强调
主
语时
，被
强调
的主
语
若是
人称代
词
，一般用主格．
that
后的谓
语动词应
在人称、数上保持一致
。
It was he who (that) rescued the
drowning child at the risk of his own life.
5
路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索
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百度文库
It is they who (that) are
late.
（
3
）
< br>被强调
部分如
果是时间
状
语
或地点状
语
，
其引
导词
只能是
t
hat
，
而不能用
when
或
where
：
强调时间
状语时
，若有否定
词
not
．应
提到从句前面。
It was at three
o
’
clock that the solar
eclipse appeared.
I
didn
’
t go home until the
rain stopped
.
→
It
was not until the rain stopped that I went home.
2.
强化肯定的双重否定句型：否
定词
+
谓语动词
+without
…
；
No one
+
谓语
+ without
I
never see the movie without being moved to tears.
No one see the movie without being
moved to tears.
3.
cannot
（
或
can not
）
和
too
连用，
表示强烈的肯定意义，
相当于
“再
…
也不嫌过分”
或
“越
…
越
…
”
。
cannot
…
too
…
这一结构如稍作变化成
c
an never
…
too
…
, cannot
…
.enough
，表达意
思相近。
You cannot be too careful in doing the
experiment.
越仔细越好
This is a very useful book. I cannot
recommend it too strongly.
极力推荐
I cannot
thank you enough for your kindness.
你的盛情我感激不尽。
A
woman can never have too many hats while a man can
never have too many ties
．
(
女人不嫌帽
子多，男人不嫌领带多。
)
强调句型练习题
32. _______________________(
直到截止日他才寄出
) his application form.
33.
____________
_______________(
正是由于她太没有经验
)
that
she
does
not
know
how
to
deal with the situation.
34.___________________________
（直到失去健康）
that people know the value of
health.
35. Since my childhood I have
found that __________________________
(
没有什么比读书对我
更有吸引力
).
36. _______________________
(
没有人不称赞他们
) for their great
accomplishment.
37. He has done so much
for the poor in his community that
_____________________(
再怎么
赞扬他都不过分
).
38.______________________
(
人们不能不被他的事迹所感动
)after
knowing
the
bachelor
has
adopted five orphans.
39. __
____________________________(
这正是我父亲做的那个
试验
)in the lab yesterday.
40.
You_________________________
(
无论多么小心都不为过
) when you drive
a car.
41. George called his boss from
the airport but it __________________(
接
电话的却是他的助手
)
参考答案：
32. It was
not until the deadline that he sent (out)
33. It is because she is too
inexperienced
34. It is not until they
lose their health
35. nothing is more
attractive / appealing to me than reading
36. There is no one who does not praise
them
37. you
can
’
t praise him enough
38. One cannot but be moved by his
deeds
39. It was the experiment that my
father did
6