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.
..
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虚拟语气的基本容
【开头引入】
If
如果
(
如果
有两种可能
,
有可能发生的，不可能发生的。
< br>)
①有可能发生
If it
rains tomorrow, I will not go to the park.
②不可能发生
虚拟语气，例如，如果
我是明，
。
。
。
虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望，假设，猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。所以，
凡表
示与事实不符的假设，想象，愿望时，需用虚拟语气表达。
一、
If
引导的虚拟
（一）
If
引导的虚拟语气
,
可用下表表示。
从句
主句
Would/could/should/might do
Would/could/should/might have done
Would/could/should/might do
与现在事实相反
did/were
与过去事实相反
Had done
与将来时间相反
/were
do
to do
例如：
①
与现在事实相反：
If I had wings, I
would fly over the sea.
②
If she
were
rich,
she
would buy
a bigger
house.
If there
were
no gravity, we
would not be able to
walk on
the earth.
②与过去事实相反：
If You
had gone
to the party, You
would have
seen
YaoMing.
If
you had taken my advice, you would not have failed
in the exam.
③与将来事实相反：
If he
were to
tomorrow, We
would have
the meeting.
If he
should come
tomorrow, We
could go
to the
park together.
If there
were a heavy snow next Monday, we would not go
skating.
（二）
if
虚拟语气条件句的省略倒装。
如果虚拟条件从句中有
were, had,
should,
可把
if
省略，把
were, had, should
提到主语前
面，成为倒装结构。
①
If I were you,
I would accept the challenges.
----Were I you, I would accept the
challenges
②
If
you had informed me earlier, I
wouldn
’
t have signed the
contract.
----Had you
informed me earlier, I
wouldn
’
t have signed the
contract.
③
If
she should be my daughter, I
wouldn
’
t allow her to study
abroad.
----Should she be my daughter,
I wouldn
’
t allow her to
study abroad.
i.
.w.
.
..
.
VIP Tips : Were it not for
…
“如果要不是
…
”
Had it not been for
…
“如果当时
要不是
…<
/p>
”
①
Were it not for
your help, I
would never be a good boss.
要不是你的帮助，我永远成不了一个好的老板。
②
Had it not been
for
you, I would have lost my
way
.
当时要不是你，我就迷路了。
**
如果谓语动词是否定形式，不能
用动词的缩略形式。
3. If it
weren
’
t for the expense, I
would go broad now.
Were it not for the
expense, I would go abroad now.
Exercises.1
1.
Had she worked harder, she
_____________________ (succeed).
2.
If
the
lawyer
had
been
here
last
Saturday,
he
________________me
from
going.
(prevent)
3.
__________
such a disaster _________, the damage would be
incalculable. (occur)
4.
_________he _________ today, he would
get there by Friday. (leave)
5.
If
there
were
life
on
Mars,
such
life
forms
__________
unable
to
survive
on
the
earth.(be)
6.
--Did you
remind him of the meeting?
--No, if I
__________at home, I would have.(be)
7.
—
John went to the hospital
alone.
—
If he _____ me about
it , I would have gone with him.
A.
should tell
B. tells
C. told
D. had told
9.
If we ____ the other road, we might have arrived
here in time for the meeting.
A. take
B. had taken
C.
took
D. have taken
10. This printer is of good
quality. If it ____ break down within the first
year, we would
repair it at our
expense.
A.
would
B. should
C. could
D. might
11. Had I know about this computer
program, a huge amount of time and money ____.
A. would have
been saved
B. had been saved
C. will be saved
D.
was saved
二、错综时间条件句
*
注意：考试时会出现一种情况，从句动作发生的时间和主句动作发生的时间不一致，被称
为“错综时间条件句”
，我们要分别根据从句和主句的动作发生的时间对其进
行虚拟。
例如：
①
If you
had followed
my advice just
now, you
would be
better
now.
如果你刚才听了我的建议，你现在就好多了。
i.
.w.
.
..
.
②
If you
had studied
hard before, you
would be
a college student
now.
如果你以前好好学习的话，你现在就是大学生了。
③
If he
were
free today, we
would have sent
him to
Beijing.
如果他今天方便的话，我们就可以把他送到去了。
Exercises 2
1.
May be if I
____science, and not literature then, I would be
able to give you more help.
A. studied
B.
would study
C.
had studied
D. was studying
2. Look! If
we had begun to do
the work yesterday
morning, we ____ ourselves just like
them.
A. would have enjoyed
B.
were to enjoy
C. should enjoy
D.
would be enjoying
3. If you had taken
the medicine yesterday, you ________ so bad now.
A.
wouldn
’
t have felt
B.
don
’
t feel
C.
wouldn
’
t be feeling
D.
aren
’
t feeling
4.
If the United States had built
more
homes for
the poor
in 1995,
the housing problems
now in some parts
of this country __________ so serious.
A.
wouldn
’
t be
B.
won
’
t be
C. will not have been
D.
would not have been
三、含蓄条件句。
有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现
if
引导的条件从句，而是通过介词短语，
副词，连词替代来代替条件从句。
例如：
1.
如果没有你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成任务。
If it had not been for your help, we
couldn
’
t have finished the
work ahead of time.
?
Had it not been for your help,
…
?
Without/ But for your
help
……
2.
我那天生病了，否则，我就参加运动会了。
If I had not been ill that day, I would
have taken part in the sports meeting.
?
I would have
taken part in the sports meeting, but I was ill
that day.
?
I was
ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part
in the sports meeting.
四、特殊句式
1.
馒头
-
面条原理
用于表示建议，决定，命令等词语后的
that-
从句
①用在
suggest(
< br>建议
)
，
insist(
坚决要求
)
，
ord
er(
命令，
下令
)
< br>，
advise(
劝告，
忠告<
/p>
)
，
propose(
< br>提
议，建议
)
，
recommend(
劝告，建议
)
< br>和
require(
法规要求，规定
)
等动词之后的
that-
宾语从
句中，从句谓语动词用（
should
）
+
动词原形。
1.
He suggested
that we (should) start off early the next day.
i.
.w.
.
..
.
2.
3.
4.
5.
They insisted that the boy (should) go
with them.
He advised that she (should)
wait for a few weeks.
We proposed that
someone neutral (should) take the chair.
Teachers recommend parents (should) not
allow their children under 12 to ride bicycles
to school for safety.
注意
：当
suggest
表示“暗示”
，
“表明”之意，
< br>insist
表示“坚持认为”
，后面的宾语从句不
用虚拟语气。
1.
The smile on
his face suggested that he was satisfied with our
work.
2.
The man
insisted that he had never stole the money.
②用在
idea,
suggestion, advice, request, proposal, demand,
order, plan
等名词之后的
that-
表语从句和同位语从句。从句谓语动词用
(should)+
动词原形。
1.
My idea is that we (should) think it
over before accepting it.
2.
We all agreed to his suggestion that we
(should) go to Dalian for sightseeing.
3.
Your advice
that she (should) wait till next week is
reasonable.
4.
He
ignored the neighbor
’
s
requests that he (should) make less noise.
5.
My demand is
that the information referred in my report
(should) be emailed to Mr.
Brown
without delay.
③
It
is
suggested/
strange/
important/necessary/
essential/
recommended/
natural/
a
pity
that
+
从句。从句的谓语动词用
（
should
）
+
< br>动词原形。如果从句动作先发生，则用
should
have+
过去分词。
1.
It is
suggested that the meeting (should) be put off
till next week.
2.
It is strange that he should have acted
towards his parents like that.
3.
It was
necessary that he (should) leave immediately.
4.
It is
absolutely essential that all the facts (should)
be examined first.
5.
It is recommended that the work
(should) not be started until all the preparations
have
been made.
注意：当
suggest
表示“暗示，
表明”之意，
insist
表示“坚持说，力言”之意，后面
不用
虚拟语气。例如：
①
The smile on
his face suggested that he was satisfied with our
work.
< br>他脸上的微笑
表明
他对我们的工作很满意。
②
The man
insisted that he had never stolen the money.
那个人
坚持
他没有偷钱。
常用必背：
i.
.w.
背
○
.
..
.
1
个坚持：
insist
1
个决定：
decide
2
个命令：
order/
command
3
个要求：
dema
nd/require/desire
4
个建议：
advise/propose/suggest/recommend
VIP Tips :
虚拟语气在从句中的运用，主要在在上面
这些表示建议命令要求等的词汇后面，
用
should+
动词原形。
要熟记上面的词汇，
同时要掌握这
些词汇的名词形式及有的形容词的
形式，在考试时题目有时会故意省略
< br>should
，自己要根据这些提示词来判断后面的虚拟语
气。
Exercises 3
1. The guard at the gate insisted that
everybody ____________ the rules. (obey)
2. I don
’
t think
it advisable that Tom _____________ to the job
since he was experienced.
(assign)
3. My suggestion is that the experiment
_____________ in another way. (do)
4.
It is of utmost importance that you
_____________here on time. (be)
5. It
was proposed that the matter __________________ at
the next meeting. (discuss)
6. The
doctor has given the order that the patient
____________a bath every day. (have)
7.
It is vital that you ________________ our
competitor to know our plan. (permit)
8.
Emphasis
is
laid
on
the
necessity
that
all
the
objectives
_______________into
account
before starting a new project. (take)
9. He did his homework carefully for
fear that he _____________.
A. made a
mistake
B. makes a mistake
C. make a mistake
D.
would make a mistake
10. It is decided
that he ____________ for a bus to meet the guests
from Beijing.
A. call
B.
calls
C.
arrange
D. arranged
2.
wish
< br>引导的宾语从句
表示一种不太可能实现的愿望，用虚拟语气。谓语动词的构成
如下：
表达意义
与现在事实
想法的愿望
与过去事实
相反的愿望
将来难以实
现的愿望
宾
语
从
句
动
作—
wish
从
句
动
作
与
< br>wish
同时
从
句
动
作
先
< br>于
wish
从
句
动
作
后
于
< br>wish
从句谓语
动词时态
过去时
examples
I wish I were a bird and could fly
freely in the sky.
过去完成时
I wish I had met that film star
yesterday.
Could/would
/might
+
动
词
原形
I
wish
I
could
go
to
Brazil
and
watch
the
World
Cup.
i.
.w.
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