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中文菜谱常见翻译方法
中餐菜谱不容
易翻译,原因是中国人的饮食文化比较发达,对菜名特别讲究。菜单翻译的核心内容是菜用什么原料做成,
因为外国人在餐桌上最关心的是吃什么东西。其次要讲清楚的是菜的用料,刀法和烹调方法。由
此可见,要译好菜谱,就
必须知道一些主要的用料,刀法,烹调方法及某些准备步骤,希
望下面的英文翻译对诸位在翻译公司工作的同行有所帮助:
1
.
常见的用料
鸡
chicken
鸭
duck
鹅
goose
鱼类
fish
肉类
meat
猪肉
pork
牛肉
beef
小牛肉
veal
羊肉
mutton
小羊肉
lamb
牛尾
oxtail
里脊
fillet
排骨
spareribs
腰子
kidney
肚子
tripe
肝
liver
舌
tongue
下水
offals
蹄子
trotter
胗
gizzard
鸡什
giblets
鹿肉
venison
鸡脯
chicken breast
甲鱼
turtle
海味
seafood
虾
shrimp
干贝
scallop
螃蟹
crab
鱿鱼
squid
海蛰
jellyfish
黄鳝
finless eel
海螺
whelk
野味
game
兔
rabbit
鸽
pigeon
鹌鹑
quail
龙虾
lobster
牡蛎
oyster
田螺
snail
田鸡
frog
蛇
snake
腌肉
bacon
香肠
sausage
火腿
ham
熊掌
bear’s
paw
鱼翅
shark’s
fin
燕窝
bird’s nest
2
.
煮前的准备工作
去骨
boning
例如,
去骨鸭掌
打鳞
scaling
例如,去鳞鱼
scaled fish
剥
/
去皮
skinning
例如,去皮田鸡
skinned
frogs
脱壳
shelling
例如,虾仁
shelled shrimps
腌制
pickling
例如,咸酸菜
pickled vegetables
3.
常用刀法及用料形状
(
1
)
常用刀法
切片
slice
切丝
shred
切丁
dice
切柳
fillet
切碎
mince
捣烂
mash
酿
入
stuff
(2)
常用用料形状
肉
/
鱼片
sliced meat / fish
或
meat / fish slices
肉丝
shredded meat
或
pork
shreds
肉
/
鸡丁
diced
pork / chicken
或
meat /
chicken cubes
肉末
minced
meat
肉
丸
meat balls
肉馅
meat filling
4.
中餐菜单翻译法
(
1
)
p>
直译法。英译时把对应的制作方法译出来,再以该菜的主要原料为中心词。
< br>
如:炖牛肉
Stewed Beef
(
2
)
p>
直译加注法。英译时直接按中文菜名译出其意,然后再补充说明其内在含义。
如:
狮子头
Lion’s Head
——
Pork Meat Balls
全家福
Happy
Family
——
A combination of
shrimps, pork, beef, chicken, lobster and
mixed vegetables with brown sauce
(3)
意译法。此法可分为三种情况:
1
)
原料<
/p>
+with+
作料。
< br>以原料为中心词,有时捎带把烹调法也译出,再加上用介词
with
或
in
与作料构成的短语即可。如:
海米白菜
Chinese Cabbage with
Dried Shrimps
鱼香肉丝
Shredded Pork with Garlic Sauce
2)
作料
+
原料
。
即把作料用作修饰语,放在中心词原料的前面。如:
咖喱牛肉
Curry Beef
古老肉
Sweet & Sour Pork
3)
以“实”对“虚”法。即舍去中菜名里的喻义,夸张等说
法而用平直,明白的英语译出。
如:
发财好市
Black Moss Cooked
with Oysters
彩凤喜迎春
Baked
Chicken and Fried Quail Eggs
蚂蚁上树
Vermicelli with Spicy
Minced Pork
2
/
13
龙虎凤大烩
Thick Soup of Snake,
Cat and Chicken
4) “移花接木”法。借用西方人熟悉并了解的欧
洲菜名或主食名来译部分中菜名与少数主
食,因为它们之间有许多相似之处。译文地道,
通俗易懂,能
收到事半功倍的效果。如:
烤排骨
Barbecued Spare Ribs
饺子
Chinese-style Ravioli
5)
音译加释义法。先按中文用拼音译出,然后再加以解释性
的英译,使英译文保留点“中
国味”。
如:包子
Baozi
——
Stuffed Bun
馒头
Mantou
——
Steamed Bread
6)“随机应变”法:原料
+
地名
< br>+Style
。应用此法可以灵活地处理一些难以对付的地方风味
特色菜名。英译出原料名后,再稍加“点拨”就可以大功告成。如:
广东龙虾
Lobster Cantonese Style
麻婆豆腐
Bean Curd Sichuan Style
5.
中餐常见的烹调方法
中菜的烹调方法至少有
50
多种,但大体不离:
煮
(
boiling
)
,
煲
/
炖
p>
(
stewing
)
,
烧
/
焖
/
烩
(
braising
)
,
煎
(
< br>frying
)
,
炒
(
stir-frying
)
,
爆
(
quick-frying
)
,
炸
(
p>
deep-frying
)
,
扒(
frying and
simmering
)
,
煸(
sauteing
)
,
煨
(
simmering
)
,
熏(
smoki
ng
)
,
烤
(
roasting/barbecuing
)
< br>,
烘(
baking
)
,
蒸(
steaming
< br>)
,
白灼(
scalding
)等基本方
法。
煮
boiled.
如
“煮咸牛肉”
(
Boiled Corned
Beef
)
煲
/
炖
stewed.
如“清炖牛尾” (Stewed Ox Tail in
Clear Soup)
烧
braised.
如“红烧牛蹄”
(Braised Ox
Trotters in Brown Sauce)
煎(
pan-
)
fried.
如
“煎明虾”
(
Fried Prawns
)
炒
stir-fried
如“炒鸡丁”
(
Stir-Fried Chicken
Dices
)
爆
quick-fried.
如“葱爆羊肉” (Quick
-fried lamb
with Scallion in Ginger Sauce)
炸
deep-fried.
如
“炸大虾”
(Deep
-fried prawns)
扒
fried and simmered.
如“虾子扒海参” (
Fried and Simmered
Sea Cucumber with
Shrimps
Roe
)
煸
sauted .
如
“干煸鳝鱼” (Sauted
Eel Slices)
煨
simmered.
如“煨牛肉”
(
Simmered Beef
)
焖
braised
如
“黄酒焖猪排”
(Braised pork
chops in rice wine)
烩
braised
如
“烩鸡丝”
(
Braised chicken shreds with
peas
)
熏
smoked
如
“熏鱼” (Smoked
Fish)
烘
baked
如
“烘鸽”
(
Baked Pigeon
)
蒸
steamed
如
“蒸鲜鱼”
(
Steamed Fresh
Fish
)
酱
/
醋
marinated
如
“酱鸡”
(
Marinated
Chicken
)
卤
spicy; stewed in gravy
如“卤鸭”(
Spicy
Duck
)
涮
instant-boiled
如
“涮羊肉”
(
Instant-Boiled Mutton
Slices
)
酿
stuffed
如“酿青椒”
(
Stuffed Green
Pepper
)
烤
roast; barbecued
如“烤鹅” (
Roast
Goose
)
清蒸
steamed (in clear soup)
如
“清蒸桂鱼”
(
Steamed Mandarin
Fish
)
清炖
stewed in clear soup
如
“清炖甲鱼”
(
Stewed Turtle in Clear
Soup
)
白灼
/
微煮
scalded
如“白灼海虾”(
Scalded
Prawns
)
红烧
braised in brown sauce
如
“红烧蹄筋”
(
Braised Pork Tendon in Brown
Sauce
)
干烧
in pepper sauce
如“干烧干贝” (
Scallop in Pepper
Sauce
)
麻辣
with
hot
pepper
如
“麻辣豆腐”(
Bean
Curd
with
Hot
Pepper
/
Spice
Bean
Curd
)
酱爆
in bean sauce
如“酱爆肉丁” (
Diced Pork in Bean
Sauce
)
鱼香
in (spicy) garlic sauce
如“鱼香肉丝” (
Shredded Pork in
Garlic Sauce
)
3
/
13
糖醋
with
sweet
and
sour
sauce
如“糖醋排骨”
(
Spareribs
with
Sweet
and
Sour
Sauce
)
宫保
with
chili
and
peanuts
如
“宫保鸡丁”
(
Diced
Chicken
with
Chili
and
Peanuts
)
脆皮
crisp (in spicy sauce)
如
“脆皮鱼”
(
Crisp Fish
)
香酥
crisp fried
如“香酥鸡” (
Crisp Fried
Chicken
)
焦熘
fried in sauce
如“焦熘鱼片” (
Fried Fish Slices
in Sauce
)
甜酸
sweet and sour
如“甜酸肉”(
Sweet & Sour
Pork
)
胡辣
with pepper and chili
如“胡辣海参” (
Sea Slug with
Pepper and Chili
)
油淋
drip-fried with oil
如
“油淋兔”
(
Drip-Fried Rabbit with
oil
)
干煸
dry-sauteed
如“干煸季豆” (
Dry-sauteed String
Beans
)
盐水
boiled in salt water
如“盐水虾” (
Boiled Shrimps in
Salt Water
)
家常
home style
如“家常豆腐”
(
Bean Curd Home
Style
)
陈皮
with spicy orange peel
如
“陈皮鸡”
(
Chicken in Spicy Orange
Peel
)
回锅
double-sauteed
如“回锅肉” (
Double-sauteed Pork
Slices
)
五香
spiced
如“五香牛肉” (Spiced Beef)
干炸
dry deep-fried
如“干炸羊肉”(
Dry Deep-fried Lamb
Breast
)
软炸
soft deep-fried
如
“软炸里脊”
(
Soft-fried Pork
Fillet
)
酥炸
crisp deep-fried
如“酥炸羊脯” (
Crisp Fried Lamb
Breast
)
串烤
skewered
如“串烤羊肉青椒”
(
Skewered Mutton with Green
Pepper
)
铁扒
grilled
如“铁扒乳鸽” (
Grilled Baby
Pigeon
)
烧烤
roast
如“烤乳猪”(
Roast Suckling
Pig
)
砂锅
in casserole
如“砂锅鱼翅” (Shark’s Fin in
Casserole)
锅巴
with sizzling /crispy rice crust
如“锅巴海参” (
Sea Slug with
Sizzling /
Crispy Rice
Crust
)
芙蓉
with egg white
如“芙蓉海参” (Sea Cucumbers with
Egg white)
麻酱
with sesame paste
如“麻酱海参”(
Beche-de-mer with
Sesame Paste
)
三鲜
with two other delicacies
如“三鲜海参” (
Sea Cucumbers with
Other Two
Delicacies
)
醋溜
in
distilled
grains
sauce
如“醋溜鸡片” (
Sliced
Chicken
in
Distilled
Grains
Sauce
)
凉拌
in soy sauce
如“凉拌海蛰” (
Jellyfish in Soy
Sauce
)
酸辣
hot and sour
如“酸辣黄瓜” (
Hot and Sour
Cucumber
)
姜汁
in ginger sauce
如“姜汁扁豆” (
Snap Beans in
Ginger Sauce
)
蚝油
in oyster sauce
如“蚝油香菇” (
Mushrooms in
Oyster Sauce
)
蒜泥
with mashed garlic
如“蒜泥胡豆” (
Broad Beans with
Mashed Garlic
)
什锦
mixed; assorted
如“什锦丝冬粉” (Assorted Shreds with
Vermicelli)
茄汁
in tomato sauce
如“茄汁鸡脯”
(
Chicken Breast in Tomato
Sauce
)
咖喱
with curry
如“咖喱牛肉” (
Fried Beef withy
Curry
)
八宝
(stuffed) with eight
delicacies
如
“八宝鸡” (
Chicken Stuffed with
Eight
Delicacies
)
葱爆
quick-fried
with
scallion
in
ginger
sauce
如
“葱爆羊肉”
(
Quick-fried
Lamb
with Scallion in Ginger
Sauce
)
粉蒸
steamed in rice flour
如“粉蒸牛肉” (
Steamed Beef in
Rice Flour
)
奶油
in cream sauce
如
“奶油鱼肚”
(
Fried Fish Maw in Cream
Sauce
)
木犀
with
scrambled
eggs
and
fungus
如“木犀肉” (
Fried
Pork
with
Scrambled
Eggs
and Fungus
)
醉
liquor-preserved
如
“醉蟹”
(
Liquor-preserved
Crabs
)
4
/
13
辣味
in chili
sauce
如“辣味烩虾” (
Braised
Prawns in Rice Wine
)
豆豉
in black bean sauce
如“豆豉桂鱼” (
Mandarin Fish in
Black Bean Sauce
)
黄焖
braised in rice wine
如“黄焖大虾” (
Braised Prawns in
Rice Wine
)
椒盐
with pepper and salt
如“椒盐排骨” (
Spare Ribs with
Pepper and Salt
)
怪味
multi-flavored
如“怪味鸡” (
Multi-flavored
Chicken
)
西餐
(Western Food)
头盘及沙拉类
1
腌熏三文鱼
Smoked Salmon
2
腌三文鱼
Marinated Salmon with Lemon and Capers
3
凯撒沙拉
Caesar Salad
4
鲜蘑鸡肝批
Chicken Liver Terrine with Morels
5
奶酪瓤蟹盖
Baked Stuffed Crab Shell
6
鲜果海鲜沙拉
Seafood Salad with Fresh
Fruit
7
厨师沙拉
Chef's Salad
8
金枪鱼沙拉
Tuna Fish Salad
9
尼斯沙拉
Salad Nicoise
汤类
10
奶油蘑菇汤
Cream of Mushroom Soup
11
奶油胡萝卜汤
Cream of Carrot Soup
12
奶油芦笋汤
Cream of Asparagus Soup
13
番茄浓汤
Traditional Tomato Soup
14
海鲜周打汤
Seafood Chowder
15
法式洋葱汤
French Onion Soup
16
牛肉清汤
Beef Consommé
17
匈牙利浓汤
Hungarian Beef Goulash
18
香浓牛尾汤
Oxtail Soup
19
意大利蔬菜汤
Minestrone Soup
5
/
13
20
蔬菜干豆汤
Hearty Lentil Soup
21
牛油梨冻汤
Chilled Avocado Soup
22
西班牙番茄冻汤
Gazpacho
禽类
23
红酒鹅肝
Braised Goose Liver in Red Wine
24
奶酪火腿鸡排
Chicken Cordon Bleu
25
烧瓤春鸡卷
Grilled Stuffed Chicken
Rolls
26
红酒烩鸡
Braised Chicken with Red Wine
27
烤鸡胸酿奶酪蘑菇馅
Baked Chicken Breast Stuffed with
Mushrooms and Cheese
28
炸培根鸡肉卷
Deep-Fried Chicken and Bacon Rolls
29
水波鸡胸配意式香醋汁
Poached Chicken Breast with Balsamic
Sauce
30
烤火鸡配红浆果少司
Roast Turkey with Cranberry Sauce
31
烤瓤火鸡
Roast Stuffed Turkey
32
烧烤鸡腿
Barbecued Chicken Leg
33
烤柠檬鸡腿配炸薯条
Roasted Lemon Marinade Chicken Leg with
French Fries
34
扒鸡胸
Char-Grilled Chicken Breast
35
咖喱鸡
Chicken Curry
36
秘制鸭胸配黑菌炒土豆
Pan-fried Duck Breast with
Sauté
ed Potatoes and Truffles
牛肉类
37
红烩牛肉
Stewed Beef
38
白烩小牛肉
Fricasseed Veal
39
牛里脊扒配黑椒少司
Grilled Beef Tenderloin with Black
Pepper Sauce
40
扒肉眼牛排
Grilled Beef Rib-Eye Steak
41
西冷牛排配红酒少司
6
/
13
Roast Beef Sirloin Steak with Red Wine
Sauce
42
T
骨牛扒
T-Bone Steak
43
烤牛肉
Roast Beef
44
罗西尼牛柳配苯酒汁
Beef Tenderloin and Goose Liver with
Truffle and Port Wine Sauce
45
青椒汁牛柳
Beef Tenderloin Steak with
Green Peppercorn Sauce
46
铁板西冷牛扒
Sizzling Sirloin Steak
47
香煎奥斯卡仔牛排
Pan-fried Veal Steak Oscar
with Hollandaise Sauce
48
咖喱牛肉
Beef Curry
49
威灵顿牛柳
Fillet Steak Wellington
50
俄式牛柳丝
Beef Stroganoff
51
烩牛舌
Braised Ox-Tongue
52
红烩牛膝
Osso Bucco
53
黑胡椒鹿柳配野蘑菇和芹菜烤面皮
Venison Fillet Black Pepper Coat with
Wild Mushroom and Celery Brick
猪肉类
54
烧烤排骨
Barbecued Spare Ribs
55
烟熏蜜汁肋排
Smoked Spare Ribs with Honey
56
意大利米兰猪排
Pork Piccatta
57
瓤馅猪肉卷配黄桃汁
Stuffed Poke Roulade With Yellow Peach
Sauce
58
煎面包肠香草汁
Pan-fried Swiss Meat Loaf with Pesto
Sauce
59
炸猪排
Deep-Fried Pork Chop
羊肉类
60
扒羊排
Grilled Lamb Chop
61
扒新西兰羊排
Grilled New Zealand Lamb Chop
62
烤羊排配奶酪和红酒汁
Roast Lamb Chop with Cheese and Red
Wine Sauce
63
羊肉串
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