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《专业英语（制药工程）
》
章节名称
科技英语的常用句型和翻译技巧
教学目的
要求掌握专业英语的基本句
型和文法，
熟悉名词性从句、
定语从句、
状语从句及长句的
结构划分与一般翻译方法。
教学内容提要
本部分通过比较专业英语同基础英语的异同点，
指出专业英语句型和表达的特点，<
/p>
讲述
专业英语的翻译方法和技巧，
尤其是
一些长句的翻译方法。
并指出科技英语翻译中的常见错
误。
教学重点
掌握句子的翻译方法和专业英语的常用表达
教学方式及手段
多媒体教学，课堂讲授
课后作业
Try
to
translate
the
sentences
marked
with
“
?
”
in
your
textbook
into
Chinese
using
the
knowledge learned today.
?
Water is
usually considered as being a compound of two
elements.
?
Produced by electrons are the
x-ray
, which allow the doctor to took
aside a patient
’
s
body
.
?
It is said that all matters is made up
of atoms.
（主语从句）
?
Ancient people
believed it to be true that the sun turned around
the earth.
（宾语从句）
?
Why
don’t
we fall off the earth? The answer
is that gravity keeps us from falling
off.
（表语）
?
We
are
all
familiar
with
the
fact
that
nothing
in
nature will
either
start
or
stop
moving
of
itself.
（同位语）
?
Fluids comprise
both liquids and gases,
the most common
examples of which are water and
air.
（定语）
?
The body must
dissipate heat
as
fast
as
it produces
it.
（状语）
PART I
科技英语写作及翻译
【科技英语的常用句型和翻译技巧】
一、概述
1.
翻译的要求
The Criteria of
Translation
：信、雅、达
2.
科技英语词汇（上节课已经介绍）
3.
科技英语句子的特点
二、科技英语常用句型及翻译
1.
被动语态
1
）被动语态的常用原因
常用被动语态主要见于以下几个方面：
①
不必或无法说出主动者
For
a
long
time
aluminum
has
been
thought
as
an
effective
material
for
preventing
metal
corrosion.
长期以来，铝被当作一种有效的防止金属腐蚀的材料。
?
The book has
already been translated into many languages.
②
强调行为对象，而非行为者，将行为对象作为句子的主语
Three machines can be controlled by a
single operation.
三台机器能由一个操作者操纵。
?
The work must
be finished at once.
③
为了更好的联系上下文
?
They are going
to
build a library here next year. It
is going to be
build beside the
classroom
building.
2
）被动语句的翻译方法
（
1
）仍译为被动句
<
/p>
最常见的是在谓语前加上助词“被”
，也可使用“受到，遭到，得
到，叫，称，让，给，
加以，为??所”等句式。偶尔也可不加任何词直接译出。
We remember how air can be
made into a liquid.
If the liquid is
warmed again, it
“
boiled
”
and turns back into
a gas.
我们记得是如何
把<
/p>
空气制成液体的。如果
给
这种液体重新加
热，它“沸腾汽化”
，就又
还原成气体。
?
Every thing
is built up of atoms.
?
The
process
by
which
energy
is
changed
from
one
form
into
another
is
called
the
transformation of energy.
?
Water is
usually considered as being a compound of two
elements.
（
2
）译为主动句，中国汉语的习惯
①
译成无主语的主动句
《制药工程专业英语》补充教材
8
PART I
科技英语写作及翻译
Measures have been taken to diminish
air pollution.
已经采取了一些措施来减少空气污染。
?
If the product
is a new compound
，
the
structure must be proved
independently
．
?
Quality must be
guaranteed first.
②
加上不确定主语的主动句
Salt
is known to have a very strong corroding effect on
metals.
大家
知道，盐对金
属有很强的腐蚀作用。
?
All bodies are known to possess weight.
?
If
one or more electrons are removed, the atom is
said to be positively
charged
．
③
由
by<
/p>
短语中的动作发出者作为主语
Heat
and light are given off by the chemical reaction.
这种化学反应
能发出热和光。
?
The planets are
held together by attractive forces.
?
Every day, new
compounds are produced in the laboratory by the
synthetic organic chemist.
（
3
）译成判断句
Currently most solar cells are made
from crystals of high-purity silicon.
目前，绝大多数太阳能电池
是
用高纯度
的硅晶体制成
的
。
?
Large
quantities of oil are refined locally at Abadan,
Iran, in Bahrain and elsewhere.
?
Produced by
electrons are the x-ray
, which allow
the doctor to took aside a
patient
’
s body
.
（
4
）译成
因果句
The crops were badly
damaged by a flood.
农作物
因
水灾而毁坏。
The
multiplicity of carbon compounds is explained
in the exceptional ability of carbon
atoms
to combine with one another.
碳化合物之所以为数众多，是
因为
碳原子相互结
合的能力特别强。
?
The
existence
of
organic
chemistry
is
further
justified
by
the
importance
of
carbon
compounds or mixtures
in our lives.
2.
从句
科技英语大量使用复合句是其重
要的特征之一，一个复合句可能由主句和多个主句组
成。理解和掌握各种从句的译法对理
解和翻译科技英语是非常重要的。
1
）主语从句
①
基本句型：连词（连接代词、连接
副词）
+
主语
+
谓语
+
谓语
Why dinaucers became extinct remained a
mystery for a long time.
恐龙为什么绝迹长期以来是个谜。
?
Whether there
is life on the Mars is a disputable topic.
②
用
what
引起的主语从句
《制药工程专业英语》补充教材
9
PART I
科技英语写作及翻译
What we
call weight is really the gravitational pull on an
object.
我们所称之重量实际上是对某一物体的地心引力。
?
What cannot be
seen with the eye can be easily found with a radar
instrument.
③
用
it
做主语的复合句
?
It is
important that the metal for making aeroplanes
should resist corrosion.
?
It is said that
all matters is made up of atoms.
2
）宾语从句
①
带有宾语从句的复合句：一般按原句顺序翻译
A
product must be carefully
tested to determine if it will perform its job
properly and reliably.
产品必须自己检查，以确定是否合格可靠。
?
Newton believed
that gravitation is
everywhere
——
that is, it is
universal.
②
用
what
引起的宾语从句
< br>
常有“
the thing which
”的含义，译为“所??的东西（或事物）
”
：
The computer can only do what
they are told to do.
计算机只能做人们所要它做的事情。
?
When the atoms
of different elements combine or react chemically,
they form what are called
“
m
olecules
”
.
③
介词所带的宾语从句
除动词外，
介词也可带有宾语从句，
这时从句不能用
t
hat
引导，
而是连接代词或连接副
词
引导，翻译时要把宾语从句处理成一个短语。
Energy
is rather difficult to define, but most of us have
a concept of what it is.
给能
量下定义是相当不容易的，但我们大多数人对这一概念都有所了解。
?
The value of a
machine depends on how much work it can do per
hour, or per second.
④
符合宾语中的宾语从句
?
Time and again
Newton made it clear that motion is relative.
?
Ancient people believed it to be true
that the sun turned around the earth.
3
）表语从句
①
表语从句一般译法
?
One of the most
important facts about light is that it travels in
straight line.
?
Why don’t
we fall off the
earth? The answer is that gravity keeps us from
falling off.
②
<
/p>
由
what
引起的表语从句
Oil coming from the ground is
what we call crude oil.
从地下喷出的石油就是我们所说的原油。
?
Carbon is what
makes up a major ingredient in coal, wood,
gasoline, oil, or any other fuel.
4
）同位语从句
《制药工程专业英语》补充教材
10
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