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19
黄浦高三英语
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二
模
2019
上海黄浦区高三英语二模试卷
Ⅱ.Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions
：
After
reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to
make the passages coherent and
grammatically correct. For the blanks
with a given word, fill in each blank with the
proper from of
the given word; for the
other blanks, use one word that best fits each
blank.
Is Hothouse Earth
Avoidable?
Nearly 50 years ago, the Club of Rome’s
report “Limits to Growth” warned that if economic
growth
continued
fast
without
regard
for
the
environment,
the
world
could
face
ecological
and
economic collapse in the twenty-first
century. Yet that is essentially (21) ________ has
happened.
As new research for the Club
of Rome shows
--- and the latest report
from the United Nations
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change (IPCC) states
---
the
world (22) ________ well be
headed
towards disaster.
Many wrongly (23) ________ (interpret)
the “Limits to Growth” as an stack on uncontrolled
economic expansion. In fact, the report
argued that (24) ________ the unlimited-growth
pathway
was chosen, it would require
complementary policies (including funding) (25)
________ (preserve)
the planet’s
limited life-support systems.
This argument (26) ________
(ignore). Instead, the world has continued to
pursue fast growth,
without regard for
the environmental consequences. This has enabled
us to make enormous progress
in
reducing poverty, increasing longevity, and
increasing wealth. (27) ________ it has come at a
high cost to the formation of the
society and the restoration of the
planet.
As
scientists have conclusively shown, in the last
decade, we have entered a new geological
ear, the Anthropocene, in which human
activity – in particular, economic activity ---
has been the
dominant factor (28)
________ (influence) Earth’s climate and
environment. In the Anthropocene,
our
planet’s life-support system is changing faster
than ever.
Climate change now represents a clear
and present danger. If our planet becomes just 2℃
Warner
than
pre-
industrial
temperatures,
we
may
be
placed
irreversibly
on
the
path
toward
“Hothouse Earth” --- a situation
(29)_______ temperatures are many degrees warmer
than today,
sea levels are considerably
higher, and extreme weather events are (30)
_______ (common) --- and
more
destructive --- than ever.
Section B
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黄浦高三英语
< br>-
二模
Directions:
Complete the
following passage by using the words in the box.
Each word can only be
used once. Note
that there in one word more than you
need.
A. processed
B. increasing
C. applications
D. typing
E.
interpreting
F. reflected
G. injected
H. transforming
I. connections
J. remarkable
K.
superhuman
The Next
frontier: Using Thought to Control
Machines
Technologies are often billed as
transformative. For William Kochevar, the term is
justified.
Mr. Kochevar is paralysed
below the shoulders after a cycling accident, yet
has managed to feed
himself by his own
hand. This
31
progress is partly thanks to
electrodes, implanted in his
right arm,
which stimulate muscles. But the real magic lies
higher up. Mr. Kochevar can control his
arm using the power of thought. His
intention to move is
32
in neural
（神经的）
activity in
his motor region; these signals are
detected by implants in his brain and
33
into commands
to
activate the electrodes in his arms.
An ability to decode
thought in this way may sound like science
fiction. But brain-computer
interfaces
(BCIs) like the BrainGate system used by Mr.
Kochevar provide evidence that
mind-
control can work. Researchers are
able to tell what words and images people have
heard and seen
from neural activity
alone. Information can also be encoded and used to
stimulate the brain. Over
300,000
people have cochlear
（耳蜗的）
implants, which help them to hear by
34
sound
into
electrical
signals
and
sending
them
into
the
brain.
Scientists
have
“
35
“
data
into
monkeys heads,
instructing them to perform actions via electrical
pulses.
As
our Technology Quarterly in this issue explains,
the pace of research into BCIs and the
scale of its ambition are
36
. Both America’s armed forces and
Silicon Valley are starting to
focus on
the brain. Facebook dreams of thought-to-text
37
. Kernel, a startup, has $$100m to
spend
on neuroethology. Elon Musk has formed a firm
called Neuralink; he thinks that, if humanity
is to survive the arrival of artificial
intelligence, it needs an upgrade. Entrepreneurs
imagine a world
in which people can
communicate using thoughts, with each other and
with machines, or acquire
38
abilities, such as hearing at very high
frequencies.
These powers if they ever materialize,
are decades away. But well before then, BCIs could
open the door to wonderful new
39
. Imagine stimulating the
visual region
to help the
blind,
making new neural
40
in stroke victims or monitoring the
brain for sighs of depression. By
turning the firing of neurons into a
resource to be used, BCIs may change the idea of
what it means
to be human.
Ⅱ. Reading Comprehension
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Section
A
Directions:
For
each blank in the following passage there are four
words or phrases marked A, B,
C and D.
Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that
best fits the context.
How comfortable are you around water?
Are you a strong swimmer or do you struggle to
keep
your head above water? Are you
comfortable venturing into the deeper water or do
you prefer to
move into shallow water
where the bottom is
41
?
Most people expose themselves to water
and swimming situations according to their
42
levels of skill and
comfort. The same might be true as you assess your
comfort level with different
academic
environments
43
a good college
“fit”. Just as you might study a body of water to
figure
out
its
temperature,
depth
and
current
before
venturing
in,
you
need
to
44
the
difficulties, pace and
depth of an academic environment --- and your
ability to keep your “head
above water”
if admitted --- before deciding to
apply.
When looking at academic difficulties
as a(n)
45
of “fit”, you
are likely to find that you
have the
capacity to “get the job done” academically in a
range of college environments.
46
,
you are not likely to have
difficulty with the “water” itself. You will fit
best, however, at colleges
and
universities where your ability and preparation
enable you to rise to new levels of
47
.
Your goal
should be to find academic environments where your
levels of ability and preparation
will
enable you to achieve well as you stretch yourself
48
. These places represent
appropriate
“bodies of water” for you
academically.
The
best
49
of
comprehension
regarding
your
preparedness
to
meet
the
academic
requirements of various colleges and
universities are your high school teachers.
Because they are
very familiar with
your capabilities, your teachers can offer
50
help in identifying the
colleges
where you will find the best
academic programs for you.
Assuming
you
are
able
to
find
appropriate
environments
academically,
you
then
need
to
assess the
51
of your school reports for admission to
those colleges. How does your academic
record (grades and test scores) pile up
against those of other students who will be
52
, most
(about
90%) of whom are just like you in that they can do
the work too?
You
need to be honest in
53
this part of the picture, especially if
you are considering
colleges that can
be highly selective and tend to admit very small
percentages of the students who
apply.
A lot of students get in over their heads
competitively when they fail to consider the real
odds
of gaining admission. While you
might feel you are a
54
candidate at schools that can be
very choosy, the reality is that you
need to be in the top 25 percent of applicant
pools at such schools
to have a
fighting chance of being admitted. By the way, you
don’t
55
your chances of
getting
into at least one such school
by applying to a dozen of them!
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黄浦高三英语
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41. A.
tough
B. mysterious
C. visible
D.
different
42. A. explosive
B. respective
C.
potential
D. reasonable
43. A. on behalf of
B. in the place of
C. in case of
D. in search of
44. A. observe
B. overcome
C. investigate
D. complete
45.
A. indication
B. implication
C. innovation
D. intention
46.
A. In addition
B. In other
words
C. By
comparison
D. By
contrast
47. A. continent
B. contribution
C.
influentially
D. intellectually
48. A. considerately B. traditionally
C.
influentially
D. intellectually
49. A. sources
B. origins
C. concerns
D.
demands
50. A. continuous
B. invaluable
C.
powerless
D. unforgettable
51. A. reliability B. alternative
C. competitiveness
D.
recommendation
52. A.
applying
B. considering
C. comparing
D. persisting
53. A. appreciating
B. assessing
C. presenting
D.
comprehending
54. A.
flexible
B.
positive
C. feasible
D.
progressive
55. A. grasp
B. change
C.
create
D.
increase
Section
B
Directions:
Read the following three passages. Each passage is
followed by several questions or
unfinished statements. For each of them
there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.
Choose the
one that fits best according
to the information given in the passage you have
read.
(A)
In 1888 an
Egyptian farmer digging in the sand near the
village of Istabl Antar uncovered a
mass grave. The bodies weren’t human.
They were feline --- ancient cats that had been
mummified
（木乃伊化的）
and
buried
in
holes
in
astonishing
numbers.
“Not
one
or
two
here
and
there”,
reported English Illustrated Magazine,
“but dozens, hundreds, hundreds of thousands, a
layer of
them, a layer thicker than
most coal joints, then to twenty cats deep.” Some
of the linen-wrapped
cats still looked
presentable, and a few even had golden faces.
Village children peddled the best
ones
to
tourist
for
change;
the
rest
were
sold
as
fertilizer.
One
ship
transported
about
180,000,
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weighing
some 38,000 pounds, to Liverpool to be spread on
the fields of England.
Those were the days of generously
funded explorations—that dragged through acres of
desert
in their quest for royal tombs,
and for splendid gold and painted masks to
decorate the estates and
museums of
Europe and America. The many thousands of
mummified animals that turned up at
religious sites throughout Egypt were
just things to be cleared away to get at the good
stuff. Few
people studied them, and
their importance was generally
unrecognized.
In
the century since then, archaeology has become
less of a treasure hunt and more of a science.
Archaeologists
now
realize that
much
of
their
sites’
wealth
lies
in
the
majority
of
details
about
ordinary folks—what they did, what they
thought, how they prayed. And animal mummies are a
big
part of that.
“They’re really displays of
daily life,” says Egyptologist Salima Ikram. After
peering beneath
bandages with x-rays
and cataloguing her findings, she created a
gallery for the collection
--- a
bridge between people today and those
of long ago. “You look at these mummified animals,
and
suddenly you say, Oh, King So-and-
So had a pet. I have a pet. And instead of being
at a distance of
5,000-plus years, the
ancient Egyptians become clearer and closer to
us.”
56. Which of the
following words has the closest meaning to
“peddled”(paragraph 1)?
A.
modernized
B. displayed
C.
illustrated
D. demonstrated
57. Why was archaeology once referred
to as a “treasure hunt” (paragraph 3)?
A. In the royal tombs, there were many
treasures made of silver and gold.
B. Animal mummies could be made into
fertilizer which is very valuable.
C. It was hard to find animal mummies
since they were buried under dirt.
D. People sought the remains of ancient
Egypt merely for their material value.
58. Which of the following is TRUE
about Salima Ikram?
A. She
wishes to establish the continuity of pets over
history.
B. She believes
that studying the remains can help modern society
relate to the past.
C. She
wants to identify the King’s personal belongings
and classify them.
D. She
doubts if current society will understand the
significance of Egyptian remains.
59. This article probably encourages
the readers to _______.
A.
value the past by studying the remains left behind
by our ancestors
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黄浦高三英语
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B. make
full use of the remains our ancestors have left
behind
C. understand that
animal mummies are more important than gold and
masks
D. become more
sensitive to the ancient lifestyle of our
ancestors
(B)
?
Stocky, slow-
moving whale, rarely grows beyond 15 metres in
length
?
Flippers are a third of body length;
variable dorsal fin size and shape; saw-toothed
trailing edge
on flukes, often raised
when diving
?
Bumpy tubercles on top of
head
?
Body colour is dark brown to black;
often extensive white on flippers and underside of
body
and flukes; such patterns enable
individual recognition
?
Bushy blow,
occasionally V-shaped
?
270-400 olive
baleen plates
Humpback whales belong to
the rorqual (groove-throated ) family,which
includes fin, sei,
Bryde’s, minke and
blue whales. The big family migrate between winter
tropical breeding areas
(North West
Shelf, Great Barrier Reef, New Caledonia, Vanuatu,
Fiii, Tonga) and summer Antarctic
feeding areas. Once common in New
Zealand waters, humpbacks are now rarely
seen and may
migrate further
offshore. Males compete for mates either by
physical fight or by song. Females give
birth to their young every two to three
years; some non-breeding females probably remain
in the
southern waters during winter.
Young humpback whales return to their area of
birth but in later life
some wander
between breeding areas. Humpbacks eat small
shrimps and other schooling prey, such
as fish, forming small, cooperative
groups of two to three individuals to
feed.
Similar species
: Easily
identifiable due to a ‘hump’ back when submerging,
but at a distance
may be confused with
other species that raise their flukes when diving
, such as sperm, right and
blue
whales.
Protection status
:
Recovering well from past whaling and now numerous
in some former
migration and
aggregation areas, rarely seen in others.
60. Which of the following
is TRUE about humpback whales?
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