-
Unit 1
1.
随着职务的提升,他担负的责任也更大了。
(take on)
With his promotion, he has taken on
greater responsibilities.
2.
他感到没有必要再一次对约翰承担这样的责任了。
(make a
commitment)
He felt he did not have to
make such a commitment to John any more.
3.
闲暇时玛丽喜欢外出购物,与她相反,露茜却喜欢待在家里看书。
(as opposed to)
Mary likes to go
shopping in her spare time, as opposed to Lucy,
who prefers to stay at home
reading
4.
说得好听一些,可以说他有抱负,用最糟糕的话来说,他是一个没
有良心
(conscience)
且没有资格的
权力追求者。
(at
best, at worst)
At best he 's
ambitious, and at worst a power-seeker without
conscience or qualifications.
5.
我们已尽全力想说服他,但是却毫无进展。
(strive, make no
headway)
We have striven to the full to
convince him, but we have made no headway.
1.
他似乎只有在打保龄球的时候才
感觉到舒服。
It seems
that the only time
he felt good about
himself was
when
he was
bowling.
2.
饭店员工是不收小费原则的唯一例外。
One exception to
the “no
-
tipping
rule” is the hotel staff.
3.
很多年轻人在理论上知道怎么干,但当付诸实践时,就茫然无措了。
Many of these youngsters
know the job in theory but they’re still wet
behind
the ears
when
it comes to
putting it into
practice.
4.
今天,在顶级公关运营商中间存在着
一种广泛的共识,认为法庭和媒体的对峙不能再继续下去。
Today,
there
is
widespread
agreement
among
top
PR
operators
that
the
stand-
off
between courts and the media can
not continue.
5.
对于每个人来说,有一点是
确信的,睡眠不仅是必需
的,而且睡眠有助于我们身心健康。
As
for everyone, one thing
is certain,
not only
do we
have to sleep,
but
it is
good for your
mind and
body
as well
.
倍数的翻译
(Multiples)
常见的倍数的翻译有倍数的增加和倍数的减少。
倍数的增加
1 n times
+
名词或
+ that of ..., n times
as ... as ...
或
v + n times
p>
等可译成
“
是
..
.
的
n
倍
”<
/p>
或
“
比
...<
/p>
增加
n
–
1
p>
倍
”
。
e.g.
The output of cars this
year is about three times as great as that of last
year
.
今年的汽车产量大约是去年的三倍。
(
或:今年的汽车产量比去年多两倍左右。
)
2 n times +“
增加
p>
”
意义的比较级
+ than ...
可译成
“
净增加
...
或
..
.
倍
”
。
e.g.
The irrigated area in this
prefecture is four times bigger than in 1998.
这个辖区的灌溉面积是
1998
p>
年的
4
倍。
3 “
增
加
”
意义的动词
+ by ...
p>
可译成
“
增加了
…
…”
;
“
增加
”
意义的动词
+ by a factor of ...
p>
可译成
“
增加了
n
–
1
倍
”
p>
;
增加意义的动词
+ to ...
可
译成
“
增加到
……
或
……
倍
”
或
“
增加了
n
–
1
倍
”
。
1
e.g.
The value of our industrial
output this year has increased five times as
compared
with that of ten years
ago.
p>
今年我们的工业产值比
10
年前增加了四倍
。
The
rate of inflation has increased by 3%.
p>
通货膨胀率增长了
3%
。
< br>
4 Double,
treble, quadruple, n + fold
等表示的倍数可译成
“
是
……
的
n
倍
”
或
“
增加了
n
–
1
倍
”
。
< br>
e.g.
The efficiency
of the machine has been more than trebled.
这台机器的效率增加了二倍多
p>
(
是过去的三倍多
)
。
倍数的减少
1 n times as +“
减少
”
意义的原级
+ as ...,
n times + “
减少
”
意义的
比较级
+ than
... ,
“
减少
”
意义
的动词
+ n times
等,
可译成
“
比
...
减
少
(n
–1) / n”
、
“
减少了
(n
–1) /
n”
、
“
是
.
..1/n”
、
“
减少到
1/n”(
若
n
中有小数点
,则
要换算成不带小数点的分数或百分数
)
。
e.g.
The length of
the laser tube was reduced ten times.
p>
激光管的长度缩短到
1/10
。
(
或:激光管的长度缩短了
9/10
。
)
This kind of film is twice thinner than
ordinary paper
, but its quality is
quite good.
尽管这种薄膜的厚度只是普通纸张的一半,可是质量却相当好。
2 “
减
少
”
意义的动词
+ by
可译成
“
减少
...”
p>
、
“
减少
n
–1/n”
或
“
减少
到
1/n”
;
减少意义的动词
+ by a factor
of
可译成
“
减少
n
–1
/ n”
或
“
减少到
< br>1/n”
;减少意义的动词
+ to
可译成
“
减少到
...”
。
e.g.
The
load resistance is reduced by a factor of 5.
负载阻抗减少到五分之一。
The company has
reduced its work force from more than 15 000 to 10
000.
该公司将其工作人员从
15
000
多人裁减到
10
000
人。
Unit 2
1.
宪法规定公民享有言论自由。
(provide for)
Answer: The Constitution provides for
citizen’s freedom of speech.
2.
我们在如何养育孩子的问题上有截然不同的看法,因此常
发生争吵。
(grow out of; bring up)
Answer: Our constant quarrels grew out
of the diverse ideas on how to bring up children.
3.
我们早在会阅读之前就已经掌握了一些词汇。
(long
before)
Answer: We have learned some
words long before we can read.
4.
很多中国家长认为孩子越早上学越好。
(the more
... the more)
Answer: Many Chinese
parents think that the earlier children go to
school, the better
.
5.
新税法不是要惩罚富人,而是要给穷人以公平和机会。
(rather)
Answer: The new tax law is not to
punish the rich. Rather it is to bring justice and
opportunity
to the poor
1.
要得到任何类似的关于你申请状态的准确信息都是极不寻常的。<
/p>
Answer: It is extremely
unusual to get anything resembling accurate
information about the
2
status of your application.
2.
法律面前人人平等是被认为理所当然的。
Answer: It is taken for granted that
everyone is equal before the law.
3.
在美国餐馆吃饭、住宾馆、乘出租车时如何付小费是非常复杂的。<
/p>
Answer:
There
is
nothing more
complicated
than
that
about
Americans
tipping,
eating in
restaurants,
living in hotels or taking a taxi.
4.
p>
你一定见过那些被称为鹰的大鸟是如何在地面或者大树之上捕获猎物的。
Answer: You must have seen these
large birds called eagles, feasting on their prey,
either on
the ground, or high up on
tree tops.
5.
专家们毫不怀疑,这些药物将在加
强我国应对艾滋病毒和艾滋病方面大有帮助。
Answer:
Experts have no doubt that these drugs will go a
long way in further strengthening
our
national response to HIV and AIDS.
数量词的翻译
(Numbers)
数词的翻译
英汉两种语言表示数量的方法时有不同,翻译中不仅需要仔细
推敲如何表达,有时还需要进行换算。
例如:
1.
ten thousand:
万
one
hundred thousand:
十万
one hundred
million:
亿
one billion:
十亿
ten billion:
百亿;
2.
hundreds
of:
数
百
thousands
of:
成
千
上
万
tens
of
thousands of:
千千万万
millions of:
数百万;千百万
millions of millions of:
亿万
与此相类似的还有一些表示数量的名词:
decades:
几十
(
年
)
scores:
好几十;大量
dozens:
数打,数十
。
量词的翻译
1.
度量衡单位词的翻译:直接将量词译为对应的汉语。例如:
ton:
吨
gram:
克
foot:
英尺
inch:
英寸
2.
普通
名词作量词则应按语境来译,必须符合汉语的表达习惯。例如:
a piece of
news:
一则消息
a colony of
ants:
一窝蚂蚁
a cake of soap:
一块肥皂
3.
翻译时增加量词。例如:
a chair:
一把椅子
a
horse:
一匹马
a tree:
一棵树
A red sun rose
slowly from the calm sea.
一轮红日从风平浪静的海面冉冉升起。
Unit 3
1.
你应该及时掐掉凋谢的花朵。
(pluck off)
Answer: You should pluck off the dead
fl owers in time.
2.
我认为你所说的实在算不上一个答案。
(qualify
as)
Answer: I don’t think what you said
really qualifi es as an
answer
.
3.
我们的喊声在寂静的大街上回荡。
(echo)
3
Answer: Our
shouts echoed through the silent streets.
4.
毫无疑问,他的成绩提高了,他又重新燃起了对学习的兴
趣。
(revive)
Answer: There is
no doubt that his grades have improved and his
interest in learning has
revived.
5.
史密斯夫妇已经向离婚法院正式申请离婚。
(file
for)
Answer: The Smiths have fi led for
divorce in the divorce court.
1.
这自然是一种完全可笑的幻想。
我根本不想当什么大
(tycoon)
,也根本看不起大款。<
/p>
Answer: It is of
course a ridiculous fancy. Being a tycoon is the
last thing I imagine and also
a thing I
utterly despise.
2.
研究人员说,在家里
承受压力的孩子会在课堂上捅娄子,这会损害全班学生的学习能力。
Answer: The researchers say that
children under stress at home can cause problems
in the
classroom, which ultimately
hurts all the students’ ability to
learn.
3.
医学杂志上的一
份研究报告回应了金融危机会带来医疗灾难的警告,
说有迹象表明,
心理健康问题和自
杀行为急剧增加。
Answer:
A
study
in
the
medical
journal
echoes
the
warning
of
an
impending
health
catastrophe brought
about by the financial crisis, saying there are
signs of a sharp rise in
mental health
problems and suicide.
4.
当学生为
了获得一个超过他们应得成绩的更好分数而作弊时,他们其实就在学习养成欺骗和不诚实的生
活习惯。
Answer: When pupils
are practicing cheating for the purpose of
obtaining better school marks
than they
deserve, they are surely training themselves for
lives of deceit and dishonesty.
5.
如果没有交通规则,人们如何在公路上开小轿车、大巴或其他交通工具?
Answer: Would people be able to drive a
car
, a bus and any other vehicle on the
roadway if
there were no traffic
regulations?
否定句的翻译
(Negatives)
The use of negatives in English is very
flexible and delicate. The following tips will
help
you to handle the translation.
1
否定成分的转移
The object did not move because I
pushed on it.
这物体不是因为我推了才移动的。(原文否定谓语,译文否定
状语。)
Nobody could be too
foolish this day.
Without substance,
there could be no force.
在这天,你怎么出洋相都不过分。
没有物质就没有重力。(译成双重否定)
She is not a little interested in
computer games.
她对计算机游戏有浓厚兴趣。(译成肯定句)
Everything is not straightened out.
The outcome of the experiment was not
half bad.
The report lacks detail.
并非每一个问题都弄清楚了。
实验结果相当好。
报告不够详尽。(否定包含在英语动词中)
2
形式否定
3
双重否定
4
部分否定
5
强调否定
6
含蓄否定
4
Unit 4
1.
我爷爷虽然
70
岁了,但他的爱好广泛,从下国际象棋到爬山,多种多样。
(range
from ... to)
Answer: My grandfather’s
interests range
from playing chess to
climbing mountains although
he is 70
years old.
2.
真奇怪,汤姆的奶奶都
80
岁了还玩玩具娃娃。
(surprisin
gly)
Answer: Surprisingly, Tom’s
grandmother plays with dolls at the age of
80.
3.
他大公无私的精神和天
赋使他适合担当大多数学生梦想得到的那项工作。
(qualify for)
Answer: His selflessness and talent
qualify him for the job most students dream to
get.
4.
你如何解释他的那个怪梦?
(interpretation)
Answer: What interpretation would you
put on his odd / strange dream?
5.
我们老板刚买的新轿车一小时能行驶
200
公里
。
(be capable of)
Answer: The
brand-new car our boss has just bought is capable
of making 200 kilometers an
hour
.
1.
正义不但必须要伸张,而且要让人看到正义得到了伸张。
Answer: Justice must not only be done,
but it must be seen to be done.
2.
发展的主要障碍是国家欠下的巨额外债。
Answer: The main impediment to
development is the country’s huge foreign
debt.
3.
政治家夸夸其谈,但
经常是言不由衷。
Answer: Politicians
say a lot but often failing to tell us what they
really mean.
4.
不要抱怨生活对你不公,因为
生活根本就不知道你是谁。
Answer: Don’t
complain that life is unfair to you because life
simply does not know who you
are.
5.
多元化产品的范围由一般电子组件至大型安装机器。
< br>
Answer: Diversified products range
from electronics components to assembly machinery.
定语从句的翻译
(Relative Clauses)
常见的定语从句翻译方法有两种:合译法和分译法。
1
合译
法:把定语从句译成汉语的
“
的
”
p>
字结构,放在被修饰词的前面,从而把英语的主句和定语从句
合译成
一个汉语单句。
1) This is the scientist
who just returned from the North Pole.
这是刚从北极归来的科学家。
2) The sun,
which had hidden in the cloud all day, now came
out in its entire splendor
.
整天躲在云层里的太阳,现在又光芒四射地露面了。
3)
Without rubber there would be no such automobiles
as we have today.
如果没有橡胶,就不会有今天这样的汽车。
2
分译法:将定语从句与主句分开,译成并列分句。
1)
I knew that Mary would tell the story to her
mother
, who would probably tell it to
John.
我知道玛丽准会把这件事告诉她的
妈妈,她妈妈多半又会把这事说给约翰听。
2) They worked
out a new method by which production has now been
rapidly increased.
他们找到了一种新方法,采用该方法之后产量已迅速提高。
5
3) Machine tools have
various uses, one of which is to make holes in
metal.
机床有各种用途,其中之一是给金属钻孔。
Unit 5
1.
产品广告中的说明必须符合产品的实际质量。
(conform
to)
Answer:
The
explanation
in
the
advertisement
of
the
product
must
conform
to
its
actual
quality.
2.
新的见解有
望为我们探索应对这种情况的新方法铺平道路。
(pave the way for)
Answer: New insights will hopefully
pave the way for us to explore new ways of
treating this
condition.
3.
谚语来源于生活,是一个民族的语言和文化的浓缩和体现。
(d
erive from)
Answer:
Proverbs,
which
derive
from
life,
are
the
condensation
and
embodiment
of
the
language and culture of a nation.
4.
这段情感关系一直困扰着她,而且不见尽头。
(haunt)
Answer: The emotional relationship has
been haunting her with no end in sight.
5.
应当承认,很难判定这件独特商品的合适价格。
(discern)
Answer: Admittedly,
the right price for this unique commodity is hard
to discern.
1.
<
/p>
除了他为他儿子所做的一切之外,我们认为他没有什么值得表扬的地方
Answer: We agree
that he had nothing to be praised for
other than what
he had done
for his
son.
2.
很多企业不把商业道德当回事儿
,这比任何违法的商业行为给世界经济所带来的危害都要大。
Answer:
That
many
enterprises
don’t
take
business
ethics
seriously
can
be
more
destructive to world
economy
than
any illegal
commercial action.
3.
中国人的热情好客在过年期间的盛宴上得到了充分的诠释。
Answer: The hospitality of the Chinese
finds its ultimate
expression
in the grand feasts
during the Spring Festival.
4.
这笔世界银行的贷款为更多的
孩子有更好的学习条件提供了
经济上的保障。
Answer:
This
loan
of
money
from
the
World
Bank
provides
financial
guarantee
that
enables
more
children to have better facilities in
school.
5.
与其说是对教育公平的一项科学研讨,不如说是呼吁公众对穷人发展的关注。
Answer:
It is less
a scientific research about equal
education opportunity
than it
is
a call
for public
attention to the development of the
poor
.
同位语的翻译
(Appositives)
可以充
当同位语的有名词、代词、介词短语、不定式等。同位语通常放在有关成分
(
本位语
)
之后,
并对其内容作进一步的解释说明。
同位语一般用逗号与本
位语隔开
(
但有时也可不隔开
)
。下面举例说明有
关同位语的各种表达方式
及其翻译方法:
1.
名词或代词、形容词、数词等作同位语,一般与本位语译在一起:
Examples
You may leave it to us two.
你可以把这件事交给我们两个。
This is Mr
Zhou, director of our hospital.
这是我们医院院长周先生。
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