-
解析高考英语阅读中的长难句
学习目标：
1.
回忆三种基本句子类型（简单句，
复合句，
并列句）
2.
长难句的类型及分析方法
3.
长难句分析在高考阅读中的演练
Step1;
判断下面句子的类型。
( 1 ) We took pity on the
people in the disaster-hit area in Yushu and many
students raised money
for them.
( 2 ) Having suffered a
number of health problems, former Olympic
President Samaranch died on
April 21 in
Barcelona.
(
3
)
The
Internet
is
an
exciting
tool
that
not
only
puts
vast
information
at
your
fingertips
but
expands options.
Step 2:
结构分析法
明晰句子结构，把握句子的基本框架。
A.
判断该句是简单句、并列句还是
复合句；
B.
找出句子的主干成分
(
主语和谓语
)
，分清句子附属成分，理解句子大意。
C.
层层分析，层层剥离
1) ,
带有较多成分的简单句
---
-
去枝叶
,
留主干。
画出句子主干
Schools across China are expected to
hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-
term teachers,
almost three times the
number hired last year, to help reduce
unemployment pressures .
2).
含有多个从句的复合句
----
找从属连词，分析从句，
理解句意。
Whereas a woman’s closest female friend
might be the first to tell her to leave a failing
marriage
，
it
wasn’t unusual to hear a man say that
he didn’t know that his friend’s marriage
was in serious trouble
until he appeared one night asking if he could
sleep on the sofa.
1
句子中的连词都有什么？他们分别引导什么从句？
句子的意思是
___________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________________ _______________________________
3.
含有插入语的句子
----
忽略插入成分，直奔句子主题。
这种句子的特点是在正常
的句子中插入一些或长或短的成分或句子，比如同位语（从句）
、
非限制性定语从句、状语从句、分词、插入语等等，打断读者的思路，割裂前后之间
的语义，
造成理解上的困难。我们称之为
“
打岔
”
。有时有逗号或破折号分开，
The lack of right male
(
男性的
) role models in many of
their lives
—
at home and
particularly in the
school
environment
(
环境
)
—
means
that
their
peers
are
the
only
people
they
have
to
judge
themselves against.(2008
辽宁卷<
/p>
C
篇
)
Science has become so important in the
modern world, with its procedures so highly
standardized
and so widely accepted,
that it is included among modern social
institutions.
翻译上面两个句子。
4.
成分省略
----
把握
大意
,
找出上文对应信息
,
补充省略成分
The
magazine
is
male-
targeting
because
young
guys
generally
won’t
pick
up
a
magazine
that
appears to be directed at females,
whereas girls usually will.
句子末尾
will
后省略了什么？
5.
倒装句
----
确定主语
,
调整语序
,
把握大意
.
Before 1066, in the land we now call
Great Britain lived peoples belonging to two major
language
groups.
句子的主语是
_____________________,
这句话的意思是
_____________________
_________
_____________________________
__________________________________________________
2
长难句之小试牛刀篇
,
画出句子的主干，并试着口头翻译。
1. I was discussing this problem
recently with a colleague who had been beating his
head against
the wall for months trying
to get a story about a mysterious “dark force” in
cosmology(
宇宙学
) past
editors at New Yorker.
2. Mobile phone SIM cards which are put
in the collars(
项圈
) of
elephants automatically send a text
message when they get too close to
farms, allowing wildlife workers to drive them off
rather than
shoot them.
Step
3
高考考场篇：
1.(2017<
/p>
年全国
1
卷完形填空
)Little did I know that I would discover my love for ASL.
（美式手语）
句意
：
______________________________________
______________
分析：此句为
_______
___
，
little
为
_________
，当否定词位于
_______
_
时，句子要使用
__________
倒装。
9.(2017
年全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解
B
篇
)The friendship that grew out of the experience
of making that
film and The Sting four
years later had its root in the fact that although
there was an age difference,
we both
came from a tradition of theater and live
TV.
（同位语从句、让步状语从句）
句意：
___________________________________
_______________________________________
_________________________________________________
_______________________________
分析：本句的主干是
_______
________________________________
。其中，
grew out of...
later
为
that
引导的定语从
句，修饰先行词
_____________
；后面的
although there was ... live TV
为<
/p>
__________
引导的
_____
____
从句，解释说明
___________
的内容。此外，同位语从句中还包
含了一个
____
______
引导的让步状语从句。
12.(2017
年全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解
D
篇
) Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack
Schultz and Ian Baldwin,
reported that
young maple trees getting bitten by insects send
out a particular smell that neighboring
plants can get.
(
宾语从句、非谓语动词、定语从句
)
句意：
___________________________________
______________________________________
__________________________________________________
_____________________________
3
分析：本句中
that
引导
____________
从句，作
reported
的宾语，从句中包含一个
__
________
引导的定语从句，
修饰先行词
smell
。
getting bitten by
insects
为
________________
作后置定语，
修饰
maple
trees
。
13.(2017
年全国Ⅱ卷阅读七选五
)If someone knocks
and
it’s
not an important
matter, excuse
yourself and let the
person know
you’re
busy so
they can get the hint
(
暗示）
that when the door is
closed,
you’re
not to be disturbed.
句意为：
___
__________________________________________________
___________________
___________________
__________________________________________________
___________
分析：本句为
__________
__
引导条件状语从句。在主句中，
you’re
busy
是
know
的宾
语从句；
___________
引导结果状语从句，
在结果状语从句中包含一个
that
引导
________________
，
解
释说明
_________
的内容。
同时同位语从句又包含了一个
__________
< br>引导时间状语从句，
因此
句子的主句为
< br>__________________________________
1
4.(2017
年全国Ⅲ卷阅读理解
B
篇
)Bradford sold the building and land
to a local development
firm, which
plans to build a shopping complex on the land
where the theater is
located.
（定语从句）
句意
：
______________________________________
____________________________________
__
__________________________________________________
_________
分析：本句中
which
引导
____________________
，修
饰先行词
___________
；此外，定语从句
中又包含一个
where
引导的
< br>___________________
。
15.(2017
年全国Ⅲ卷阅读理解
D
篇
)The Intelligent Transport
team at Newcastle University have
turned an electric car into a mobile
laboratory named
“DriveLAB”
in order to understand the
challenges
faced by older drivers and to discover where the
key stress points are.
句意：
__
__________________________________________________
_______________________
_______________
__________________________________________________
_______________
此句为
_________
_
句，
句子的主干是
________
_________________________________________
4