-
六级语法知识点总结
一：时态
：
所谓的
时态
，就是时间
+
状态。谓语动词的时态见下
表：
1
．主动形式
一般
进行
完成
过去
did
was/were doing
had done
现在
do
am/is/are doing
have/has
done
将来
will/shall do
will/shall be
doing
will/shall have
done
/
过去将来
should/would
do
/
should/would
have
done
用于
虚拟语气
/
完成进行
2
．被动形式
一般
进行
完成
had been doing
have/has been
doing
过去
was/were given
was/were
being
given
had been given
现在
am/is/are
given
am/is/are being
given
have/has been
given
/
将来
will/shall be given
/
will/shall have
been given
/
过去将来
should/would
be given
/
should/would
have been
given
完成进行
/
?
CET-4
常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现
在
/
过去）完成进行时。
?
时间状语从句当中的时态：
一般过去时
所有的过去
用
一般现在时
表示
现在和将来
现在完成时
现在完成和将来完成
二：非谓语动词
1
．不定式：
一）不定式的常考形式：
1)
一般形式：
He decided to work
harder in order to catch up with the others.
被动形式
: He preferred to be
assigned some heavier work to do.
语法功能：
表示与谓语动词同步发生
2)
完成形式：
He pretended
not
to have seen me.
被动形式：
The book is said to
have been translated into many languages.
语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前
二）不定式常考的考点：
1
）不定式做定语
----
将要发生
2
）不定式做状语
---
-
目的
3
）不定式充当名词功能
---To
see is to believe.
三
)
不定式的省略
感官动词
see, watch, observe,
notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste,
feel
+ do
表示动作的完整性，真实性；
+
doing
表示动作的连续性，进行性
I saw him
work
in
the garden yesterday.
昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。
(
强调
我看见了
这个事实
)
I
saw him
working
in the
garden yesterday.
昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调
我见他正干活
这个动作）
?
感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：
The cake
tastes
good
; It feels
comfortable
.
使役动词
have bid
make let
等词后不定式要省略但同
1)
一样被动以后要还原
to
I ‘d like
to have John do it.
I have
my package weighed.
Paul doesn’t have
to
be made to learn.
help
help sb do help sb to do help do help to do
四
)
有些动词后只跟不定式如：
want
，
wis
h
，
hope
，
manage
，
promise
，<
/p>
refuse
，
pretend
，
plan
，
off
er
，
decide
，
agree
，
expect allow sb
to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable
sb to do
force sb to do. be more
likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able
to do
be ambitious to do. begin to
do . start to do
五
)
有的时候
to
后面要接
-ing
形式
accustom (oneself) to; be
accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look
forward to;
object to; be reduced to;
resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink
to; be used to; be
alternative to; be
close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be
opposition/opposed to; be
similarity/similar to.
2.
动名词：
具有动作性特征的名词
1)
是名词
seeing
is believing
2)
具有动词性特征可以带宾语
starving troops is necessary.
一
< br>)
动名词的形式
:
一般形式：
I don't like you
smoking.
完成形式：
I
regret not having taken your advice.
被动形式：
This question is far
from being settled.
二
)
动名词常考的点
1)
动名词做主语谓语动词为单数
<
/p>
2)
在动名词和不定式中
,
做为介词的宾语是动名词
3)
动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词
,
通过代词的宾格或所有
格形式给出逻辑主语
.
I would
appreciate_______ back this
afternoon
．
A
．
you to call
B
．
you call
C
．
you calling
D
．
you're calling
（
Key
：
C your
calling
也对）
I
regret not having taken your advice.
4)
有些词后只能接动名词
2
沪江网校六级资料
admit;
appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider;
contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest;
discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy;
it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel
like; finish;
forgive; can't help;
hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means;
mention; mind; miss; it
necessitates;
pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall;
report; resent; resist; risk; suggest;
understand...
另外还有一些接
-ing
形式的常用说法：
it's no good; it's no/little/hardly
any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's
worthwhile;
spend money/time; there's
no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse
than; what's the
use/point...
5)
有些词后加不定式和动名词均可
remember, forget, try, stop, go on,
cease, mean
后面用不定式和
-ing
形式，意义截然不容。
I
remembered to post
the
letters. (
指未来
/
过去未
来的动作
)
I
remembered posting/having
posting
the letters
(
我记得这个动作
)
forgot<
/p>
与
remember
的用法类似。
I
regret to
inform
you tha
t…
我很遗憾地通知你
…
I
regretted having
left
the firm after twenty years.
为了
二十年前的离开
而遗
憾。
try
to
努力
You really must
try to
overcome your
shyness.
try
–
ing
试验
Try
practicing
five hours a day.
I
mean to
go, but
my father would not allow me to. [
打算、想<
/p>
]
我想去，但我父亲不让我
去。
To raise wage
means
increasing
purchasing power. [
意味着
]
赠加工资意味着增加购买力。
prefer
的用法：
我宁愿在这里等。
I
prefer
to wait here.
（所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。）
I
prefer
waiting
here.
（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。）
I
prefer
swimming
to cycling.
（这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。）
3
分词：
现在分词主动进行
,
过去分词被动状态
现在分词的形式
:
1)
一般式
: Do you
see the man talking to the
dean
（主任）
?
(<
/p>
与谓语动词同步发生
)
2)
完成形式：
Not having
made adequate preparations, they
failed.
(
发生谓语动词之前
)
3)
完成被动形式：
Having
been adapted, the script seems
perfect.(
发生谓语动词之前且表示被动
)
过去分词
1)
过去分词表示被动：
Fight no battle
unprepared.
2)
过去分词的进行形式：
You'll find the topic being discussed
everywhere. (
强调正在被做
)
这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们
之间的一致关系
——
主动还是被动，往
往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之
间的主动被动的关
系。
三：虚拟语气
情态动词所表达的可能性程度：
must/can't
?
should/shouldn't
?
might/may (not)
另外两个
类情态词的形式：
?
最自然的虚拟状态：由
should/would+
原型时态（不含时间只含状态）
本质上是过去将来时：即，时间固定在过去将来，状态不同：一般、进行、完成、完
成进行。
这时
虚拟语气
的产生往往是因为我们要表达
本来应该
……
（而现在却还没有
……
）
（本来可
以
……
，本来能
……
< br>）
I should
go!
(… but I'm still here!)
(
一般
)
I
should be working now!
(
进行
)
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