《GMAT句子改错讲义》

《

GMAT

句子改错 讲义》

2

GMAT

句子改错讲义

一．

主语与动词一致

1

．

The relationship between corpulence and disease remain controversial, al

though statistics clearly associate a reduced life expectancy with chronic o

besity.

A) remain controversial, although statistics clearly associate a reduced lif

e expectancy with

B) remain controversial, although statistics clearly associates a reduced li

fe expectancy with

C) remain controversial, although statistics clearly associates reduced life

expectancy to

D) remains controversial, although statistics clearly associate a reduced li

fe expectancy with

E) remains controversial, although statistics clearly associates reduced lif

e expectancy to

2. Puritan fanatics brought to civil and military affairs a coolness of judg

ment and mutability of purpose that some writers have though inconsistent wi

th their religious zeal, but which was in fact a natural outgrowth of it.

A) but which was in fact a natural outgrowth of it

B) but which were in fact a natural outgrowth of it

C) but which were in fact natural outgrowths of it

3

D) but it was in fact a natural outgrowth of them

E) which was in fact a natural outgrowth of it

of America’s fascination with all things antique have grown a market

for bygone styles of furniture and fixtures that are bringing back the chais

e lounge, the overstuffed sofa, and the claw-footed bathtub.

A) all things antique have grown a market for bygone styles of furniture and

fixtures that are bringing

B) things antique has grown a market for bygone styles of furniture and fixt

ures that is bringing

C) things that are antique has grown a market for bygone styles of furniture

and fixtures that bring

D) antique things have grown a market for bygone styles of furniture and fix

tures that are bringing

E) antique things has grown a market for bygone styles of furniture and fixt

ures that bring

possessed powers of observation that would have made him a great ant

hropologist and that makes his letters as a group the rival of the best nove

ls of the time.

A) makes his letters as a group the rival of

B) makes his letter as a group one to rival

C) makes his letters a group rivaling

D) make his letters as a group the rival of

4

E) make his letters a group which is the rival of

1981, when the farm depression began, the number of acres overseen b

y professional farm-management companies have grown from 48 million to nearl

y 59 million, an area that is about Colorado’s size. (O.P. 297)

A) have grown from 48 million to nearly 59 million, an area that is about Co

lorado’s size

B) have grown from 48 million to nearly 59 million, about the size of Colora

do

C) has grown from 48 million to nearly 59 million, an area about the size of

Colorado

D) has grown from 48 million up to nearly 59 million , an area about the siz

e of Colorado’s

E) has grown from 48 million up to nearly 59 million, about Colorado’s size

6. Each of Hemingway’s wives

-Hadley Richardson, Pauline Pfeiffer, Martha Ge

lhorn, and Mary Welsh-were strong and interesting women, very different from

the often pallid women who populate his novels. (O.P.300)

A) Each of Hemingway’s wives

-Hadley Richardson, Pauline Pfeiffer, Martha Ge

lhorn, and Mary Welsh-were strong and interesting women,

B) Hadley Richardson, Pauline Pfeiffer, Martha Gklhorn, and Mary Welsh- each

of them Hemingway’s wives

-were strong and interesting women

C) Hemingway’s wives

-Hadley Richardson, Pauline Pfeiffer, Martha Gelhorn, a

5

nd Mary Welsh-were all strong and interesting women.

D) Strong and interesting women-Hadley Richardson, Pauline Pfeiffer, Martha

Gelhorn, and Mary Welsh-each a wife of Hemingway, was

E) Strong and interesting women-Hadley Richardson, Pauline Pfeifferm Martha

Gelhorn, and Mary Welsh-

every one of Hemingway’s wives were

7. One of every two new businesses fail within two years. (O.P. 302)

A) fail

B) fails

C) should fail

D) may have failed

E) has failed

8. A Labor Department study states that the numbers of women employed outsid

e the home grew by more than a thirty- five percent increase in the past deca

de and accounted for more than sixty-two percent of the total growth in the

civilian work force.( O.P.311)

A) numbers of women employed outside the home grew by more than a thirty-fiv

e percent increase

B) numbers of women employed outside the home grew more than thirty-five per

cent

C) numbers of women employed outside the home were raised by more than thirt

y-five percent

D) number of women employed outside the home increased by more than thirty-f

6

ive percent

E) number of women employed outside the home was raised by more than a thirt

y-five percent increase

9. What was as remarkable as the development of the compact disc has been th

e use of the new technology to revitalize, in better sound than was ever bef

ore possible, some of the classic recorded performances of the pre-LPP era.

(O.P 312)

A) What was as remarkable as the development of the compact disc

B) The thing that was as remarkable as developing the compact disc

C) No less remarkable than the development of the compact disc

D) Developing the compact disc has been none the less remarkable than

E) Development of the compact disc has been no less remarkable as

10. While some academicians believe that business ethics should be integrate

d into every business course, others say that students will take ethics seri

ously only if it would be taught as a separately required course. (O.P. 313)

A) only if it would be taught as a separately required course

B) only if it is taught as a separate, required course

C) if it is taught only as a course required separately

D) if it was taught only as a separate and required course

E) if it would only be taught as a required course, separately

11. Credit cards are now accepted in exchange for many goods ad services aro

7

und the world and in some countries, like the Americans, is used even more w

idely than cash.( Z.P.92)

A) like the Americans, is used even more widely than

B) like that of America, is used even more widely than’

C) as in America, are sued even more widely than

D) such as America, are used even more widely than

E) such as America, are used even more widely as

12. One of every two new businesses fail within two years.(Z.P.102)

A) fail

B) fails

C) should fail

D) may have failed

E) has failed

13. The great difference in interpretation between him and his immediate pre

decessor of the role of Anthony were the su

bject of last week’s column by t

he well-known drama critic. (Z.P. 103)

A) between him and his immediate predecessor of the role of Anthony were

B) between him and his immediate predecessor of the role of Anthony were

C) between he and his immediate predecessor of the role of Anthony were

D) among him and his immediate predecessor of the role of Anthony was

E) among him and his immediate predecessor of the role of Anthony were

14. The rise in the Commerce Department’s index of leading economic

indicat

8

ors suggest that the economy should continue its expansion into the coming m

onths, but that the mixed performance of the index’s individual components

indicates that economic growth will proceed at a more moderate pace than in

the first quarter of this year. (Z.P.155)

A) suggest that the economy should continue its expansion into the coming mo

nths, but that

B) suggest that the economy is to continue expansion in the coming months bu

t

C) suggests that the economy will continue its expanding in the coming month

s, but that

D) suggests that the economy is continuing to expand into the coming months,

but that

E) suggests that the economy will continue to expand in the coming months, b

ut

KEYS:

D 2.C 3.B 4.D 5.C 6.C 7.B 8.D 9.C 10.B 11.D 12.B 13.B 14.E

二、

动词时态

1. Europeans have long known that eating quail sometimes makes the eater ill

, but only recently has it been established that the illness is caused by a

toxin present in the quail’s body only under certain

conditions.

A) Europeans have long known that eating quail sometimes makes

B) Europeans have long known quail eating is sometimes able to make

9

C) Eating quail has long been known to Europeans to sometimes make

D) It has long been known to Europeans that quail eating will sometimes make

E) It has long been known to Europeans that quail, when it is eaten, has som

etimes made

2

．

Interest rates on mortgages have declined steadily during the first six

months of this year but virtually remained unchanged during the next three m

onths.

A) have declined steadily during the first six months of this year but virtu

ally remained unchanged

B) declined steadily during the first six months of this year but virtually

remain unchanged

C) steadily declined during the first six months of this year but remain vir

tually unchanged

D) declined steadily during the first six months of this but have remained v

irtually unchanging’

E) declined steadily during the first six months of this year but have remai

ned virtually unchanged

3

．

Although the Supreme Court ruled as long ago as 1880 that Blacks could n

ot be excluded outright from jury service, nearly a century has been necessa

ry to develop and enforce the principle that all juries mus

t be drawn from “

a fair cross section of the community”

10

A

）

has been necessary to develop and enforce the principle that all juries

must be

B

）

was necessary for developing and enforcing the principle that all jurie

s must be

C

）

was to be necessary in developing and enforcing the principle of all fur

ies to be

D

）

is necessary to develop and enforce the principle that all juries must b

e

E

）

will be necessary for developing and enforcing the principle

buildings that were destroyed and heavily damaged in the earthquake l

ast year were constructed in violation of the city’s building code.

A) Some buildings that were destroyed and heavily damaged in the earthquake

last year were

B) Some buildings that were destroyed or heavily damaged in the earthquake l

ast year had been

C) Some buildings that the earthquake destroyed and heavily damaged last yea

r have been

D) Last year the earthquake destroyed or heavily damaged some buildings that

have been

E) Last year some of the buildings that were destroyed or heavily damaged in

the earthquake had been

5. by the time peace and happiness will have come to the planet, many lives

11

will be wasted.

A) will have come to the planet, many lives will be wasted

B) come to the planet, many lives will have been wasted

C) will have come to the planet, many lives will have been wasted

D) shall have come to the planet, many lives shall be wasted’

E) would have come to the planet, many lives would have been wasted

6. the books of W.E.B. DuBois before World War I constituted as fundamental

a challenge to the accepted ideas of race relations that, two generations la

ter will be true of the writings of the radical writers of the 1960’s.

A) that, two generations later will be true of

B) that, two generations later, would be true of

C) as, two generations later , would be true of

D) as, two generations later, would

E) just in the way that, two generations later, did

everyone continues to hope for their survival, it is unlikely that t

he astronauts could have made it back to the shelter before the power plant

exploded.

A) could have made it back to the shelter before the power plant exploded

B) were making it back to the shelter before the power plant exploded

C) were able to make it back to the shelter before the power plant explodes

D) have been able to make it back to the shelter before the power plant will

explode

12

E) could have made it back to the shelter before the power plant would have

destroyed them

ment did not accord full refugee benefits to twelve of the recent im

migrants because it believed that to do it rewards them for entering the cou

ntry illegally.

A) to do it rewards

B) doing it rewards

C) to do this would reward

D) doing so would reward

E) to do it would reward

many people, household labor remains demanding even if able to afford

household appliances their grandparents would find a miracle.

A) even if able to afford household appliances their grandparents would find

a miracle

B) despite being able to afford household appliances their grandparents woul

d find a miracle

C) even if they can afford household appliances their grandparents would hav

e found miraculous

D) although they could afford household appliances their grandparents would

find miraculous

E) even if they are able to afford household appliances which would have bee

n a miracle to their grandparents

13

10. a huge flying reptile that died out with the dinosaurs some 65 million y

ears ago , the Quetzalcoatlus had a wingspan of 36 feet, believed to be the

largest flying creature the word has ever seen.

A) believed to be

B) and that is believed to be

C) and it is believed to have been

D) which was, it is believed,

E) which is believed to be

11. In virtually all types of tissue in every animal species, dioxin induces

the production of enzymes that are the organism’s trying to metabolize, or

render harmless, the chemical that is irritating it. (O.P.298)

A) trying to metabolize, or render harmless, the chemical that is irritating

it

B) trying that it metabolize, or render harmless, the chemical irritant

C) attempt to try to metabolize, or render harmless such a chemical irritant

D) attempt to try and metabolize, or render harmless, the chemical irritatin

g it

E) attempt to metabolize, or render harmless, the chemical irritant

12. Native American burial sites dating back 5000 years indicate that the re

sidents of Maine at that time were part of a widespread culture of Algonquia

n-speaking people.( O.P.300)

14

A) were part of a widespread culture of Algonquian-speaking people

B) had been part of a widespread culture of people who were Algonquian-speak

ing

C) were people who were part of a widespread culture that was Algonquian-spe

aking

D) had been people who were part of a widespread culture that was Algonquian

-speaking

E) were a people which had been part of a widespread, Algonquian-speaking cu

lture

13.A recent study has found that within the past few years, many doctors had

elected early retirement rather than face the threats of lawsuits and the r

ising costs of malpractice insurance.(O.P.330)

A) had elected early retirement rather than face

B) had elected early retirement instead of facing

C) have elected retiring early instead of facing

D) have elected to retire early rather than facing

E) have elected to retire early rather than face

14. Opening with tributes to jazz-age divas like Bessie Smith and closing wi

th Koko Taylor’s electrified gravel

-and thunder songs, the program will tra

ce the blues’ vigorous matriarchal line over more than 50 years. (Z.P.91)

A) the program will trace

B) the program shall trace

15

C) there will be a program tracing

D) it it’s a program that traces

E) it will be a program tracing

15. In a period of time when women typically have had a narrow range of choi

ces, Mary Baker Eddy became a distinguished writer and the founder, architec

t, and builder of a growing church. (Z.P. 102)

A) In a period of time when women typically have

B) During a time in which typically women have

C) Typically, during a time when women

D) At a time when women typically

E) Typically in a time in which women

16. During the nineteenth century Emily Eden and Fanny Parks journeyed throu

ghout India, sketching and keeping journals forming the basis of news report

s about the princely states where they had visited. (Z.P.106)

A) forming the basis of news reports about the princely states where they ha

d

B) that were forming the basis of news reports about the princely states

C) to form the basis of news reports about the princely states which they ha

ve

D) which had formed the basis of news reports about the princely states wher

e they had

E) that formed the basis of news reports about the princely stats they

16

17. Even though its per capita food supply hardly increased during two decad

es, stringent rationing and planned distribution have allowed the People’s

Republic of China to ensure nutritional levels of 2000 calories per person p

er day for its population. ( Z.P.109)

A) Even though its per capita food supply hardly increased during

B) Even though its per capita food supply has hardly increased in

C) Despite its per capita food supply hardly increasing over

D) Despite there being hardly any increase in its per capita food supply dur

ing

E) Although there is hardly any increase in per capita food supply for

18. Since the past twenty years, thousands of magnificent United States elms

have been killed by infestations of the tiny European bark beetle. (Z.P.117

)

A) Since the past twenty years

B) Since twenty years have passed

C) During the past twenty years

D) Twenty years ago

E) After twenty years

19. Developing nations in various parts of the world have amassed $$700 billi

on in debts; at stake, should a significant number of these debts be repudia

ted, is the solvency of some of the world’s largest multinational banks. (

Z.P.123)

17

A) should a significant number of these debts be repudiated, is

B) should a significant number of these debts be repudiated, are

C) should they repudiate a significant number of these debts, are

D) if there is a repudiation of a significant number of these debts, would b

e

E) if a significant number of these debts will be repudiated, is

20. During the summer of 1981, when it looked like parts of new York and new

Jersey were going to run short of water, many businesses and homes were aff

ected by the stringent restrictions on the use of water. (Z.P.132)

A) it looked like parts of new York and new Jersey were going to run

B) it looked as if parts of New York and New Jersey would have run

C) it appearances that parts of New York and New Jersey would run

D) appearances were that parts of New York and New Jersey would run

E) it was the appearance that parts of New York and New Jersey would running

21. The political masters of the health care system have not listened to pro

fessional health planners because it has not been profitable for them to do

that thing. (Z.P.133)

A) has not been profitable for them to do that thing

B) has not been profitable for them to do so

C) has been unprofitable for them to do that thing

D) has been unprofitable for them to do so

18

E) doing so had not been profitable for them

22. Few baskets made by Southern California Indians would have survived to t

he present had it not been for enthusiastic collectors at the turn of the ce

ntury. (Z.P.134)

A) had it not been for

B) unless there had been

C) without the fact that there were

D) were it not due to

E) except that there were

23. Some buildings that were destroyed and heavily damaged in the earthquake

last year were const

ructed in violation of the city’s building code. (Z.P.

157)

A) Some buildings that were destroyed and heavily damaged in the earthquake

last year were

B) Some buildings that were destroyed or heavily damaged in the earthquake l

ast year had been

C) Some buildings that the earthquake destroyed and heavily damaged last yea

r have been

D) Last year the earthquake destroyed or heavily damaged some buildings that

have been

E) Last year some of the buildings that were destroyed or heavily damaged in

the earthquake had been

19

KEYS:

1.A know

后面的

that < /p>

从句说明

know

的内容，

that

一般是不省的。注意动词一

般现在时的

用法和含义。

2.E during the first six months of this year

（在今年的头

6

个月里）

是明确的过去

时间，

其所修饰的动词应用一般过去时，而

during the next three months

所修

饰的

动词则可以用现在完成时，

表示一个过去开始的但持续到将来的动作。

3.A 4.B 5.B 6.D 7.A

8.D

同一个行为，同一具主语，一般应用

do so,

而不用

do it

或

do this

9.C 10.C 11.E 12.A 13.E 14.A 15.D 16.E 17. B 18.C 19.A 20.C 21.B

22.A 23.B

三、代词用法：

1

．

Assigning additional work to an already overburdened worker, one made of

ten by inept managers, it increases the risk that the worker will become tot

ally alienated and cease being productive altogether.

A) one made often by inept managers, it increases the risk

B) one often made by inept managers, increases the risk

C) a mistake often made by inept managers, the risk rises

D) a mistake often made by inept managers, increases the risk

E) which is often done by inept managers, the risk is increased that

2. Japan received huge sums of capital from the United States after the Seco

nd World War, using it to help build a modern industrial system.

20

A) Japan received huge sums of capital from the United States after the Seco

nd World War, using it to help build

B) Japan received huge sums of capital from the United States after the Seco

nd World War and used it to help in building

C) Japan used the huge sums of capital it received from the United States af

ter the Second World War to help build

D) Japan’s huge sums of capital received from the United States after the S

econd World War were used to help it in building

E) Receiving huge sums of capital from the United States after the Second Wo

rld War, Japan used it to help build

3. Elizabeth I was a student of classical languages, and it was her who insi

sted that Greek and Latin were spoken at court.

A) it was her who insisted that Greek and Latin were spoken at court

B) it was she that insisted on the speaking of Greek and Latin at court

C) it was she who insisted that Greek and Latin be spoken at court

D) she insisted that, at court, Greek and Latin were spoken

E) she had insisted that Greek and Latin were to be spoken at court

4

．

Whoever objects to me going to the convention ought to state his positio

n promptly.

A) Whoever objects to me

B) Whomever objects to me

21

C) Whomever objects to my

D) Whoever objects to my

E) Whoever has an objection to me

5. The current administration, being worried over some foreign trade barrier

s being removed and our exports failing to increase as a result of deep cuts

in the value of the dollar, has formed a group to study ways to sharpen our

competitiveness. (O.P.314)

A) being worried over some foreign trade barriers being removed and our expo

rts failing

B) worrying over some foreign trade barriers being removed, also over the fa

ilure of our exports

C) worried about the removal of some foreign trade barriers and the failure

of our exports

D) in that they were worried about the removal of some foreign trade barrier

s and also about the failure of our exports

E) because of its worry concerning the removal of some foreign trade barrier

s, also concerning the failure of our exports

cameras of the Voyager II spacecraft detected six small, previously un

seen moons circling Uranus, which doubles to twelve the number of satellites

now known as orbiting the distant planet.(O.P.329)

A) which doubles to twelve the number of satellites now known as orbiting

B) doubling to twelve the number of satellites now known to orbit

22

C) which doubles to twelve the number of satellites now known in orbit aroun

d

D) doubling to twelve the number of satellites now known as orbiting

E) which doubles to twelve the number of satellites now known that orbit

a babe emerges from the darkness of the womb with a rudimentary sense o

f vision, it would be rated about 20/500, or legally blind if it were an adu

lt with such vision.(O.P.329)

A) As a babe emerges from the darkness of the womb with a rudimentary sense

of vision, it would be rated about 20/500, or legally blind if it were an ad

ult with such vision.

B) A baby emerges from the darkness of the womb with a rudimentary sense of

vision that would be rated about 20/500, or legally blind as an adult.

C) As a baby emerges from the darkness of the womb, its rudimentary sense of

vision would be rated about 20/500; qualifying it to be legally blind if an

adult.

D) A baby emerges from the darkness of the womb with a rudimentary sense of

vision that would be rated about 20/500; an adult with such vision would be

deemed legally blind.

E) As a baby emerges from the darkness of the womb, its rudimentary sense of

vision, which would deemed legally blind for an adult, would be rated about

20/500.

8. The Gorton- Dodd bill requires that a bank disclose to their customers how

23

long they will delay access to funds from deposited checks. (O.P. 325)

A) that a bank disclose to their customers how long they will delay access t

o funds from deposited checks

B) a bank to disclose to their customers how long they will delay access to

funds from a deposited check

C) that a bank disclose to its customers how long it will delay access to fu

nds from deposited checks

D) a bank that it should disclose to its customers how log it will delay acc

ess to funds from a deposited check

E) that bands disclose to customers how long access to funds from their depo

sited check is to be delayed

9. Several years ago the diet industry introduced a variety of appetite supp

ressants, but some of these drugs caused stomach disorders severe enough to

have them banned by the Food and Drug Administration. (O.P. 327)

A) stomach disorders severe enough to have them

B) stomach disorders that were severe enough so they were

C) stomach disorders of such severity so as to be

D) such severe stomach disorders that they were

E) such severe stomach disorders as to be

10. Joplin’s faith in his opera “ Tremonisha” was unshakable; in 1911 he

published the score at his own expense and decided on staging it himself. (Z

.P.105)

24

A) on staging it himself

B) that he himself would do the staging

C) to do the staging of the work by himself

D) that he himself would stage it

E) to stage the work himself

11. In cold- water habitats, certain invertebrates and fish convert starches

into complex carbohydrates called glycerols, in effect manufacturing its own

antifreeze.(Z.P.112)

A) in effect manufacturing its own antifreeze

B) effectively manufacturing antifreeze of tits own

C) in effect manufacturing their own antifreeze

D) so that they manufacture their own antifreeze

E) thus the manufacture of its own antifreeze

12. The modernization program for the steel mill will cost approximately 51

million dollars, which it is ho

ped can be completed in the late 1980’s.(Z.P

.117)

A) The modernization program for the steel mill will cost approximately 51 m

illion dollars, which it is hoped can be completed in the late 1980’s

B) The modernization program for the steel mill, hopefully completed in the

late 1980’s will cost approximately 51 million dollars.

C) Modernizing the steel mill, hopefully to be completed in the late 1980’s

, will cost approximately 51 million dollars.

25

D) The program for modernizing the steel mill, which can, it is hoped, be co

mpleted in the late 1980’s and cost approximately 51 million dollars.

E) Modernizing the steel mill, a program that can, it is hoped, be completed

in the late 1980’s, will cost approximately 51 million dollars.

13. The actual votes cast by incumbents can provide voters with a more accur

ate picture of their attitudes than the speeches they make while campaigning

for reelection. (Z.P. 122)

A) their attitudes than the speeches they make

B) the attitudes of incumbents than the speeches they make

C) the attitudes of incumbents than do the speeches they make

D) the attitudes of incumbents than do the speeches

E) the attitudes of incumbents than the speeches

14. Although today it is cost-effective to make perfumes with synthetic ingr

edients, they used to make the classic fragrances from flowers only and othe

r natural essences. (Z.P.128)

A) they used to make the classic fragrances from flowers only

B) the classic fragrances used to be made only from flowers

C) the classic fragrances used to be made by them only from flowers

D) the classic fragrances used to be made from flowers only

E) only flowers used to make the classic fragrances

15. At the time of the Mexican agrarian revolution, the most radical faction

, that of Zapata and his followers, proposed a return to communal ownership

26

of land, to what had been a pre-Columbian form of ownership respected by the

Spaniards. (Z.P. 129)

A) land, to what had been a pre-Columbian form of ownership respected by the

Spaniards

B) land, a form of ownership of the pre-Columbians and respected by the Span

iards.

C) Land, respected by the Spaniards and a pre-Columbian form of ownership

D) Land in which a pre-Columbian form of ownership was respected by the Span

iards

E) Land that had been a pre-Columbian form of ownership respected by the Spa

niards

16. It appears from a study of the detailed grammar of the Hopi Indians that

their system of assigning tenses is very different from that of English or

other European languages. (Z.P.136)

A) It appears from a study of the detailed grammar of the Hopi Indians that

their system

B) It seems that study of the Hopi Indians indicates that their system

C) A detailed study of the grammar of the Hopi Indian language indicates tha

t its system

D) Detailed study of Hopi Indians reveals that their system

E) The Hopi Indians have a system

17. scientists have observed large concentrations of heavy-metal deposits i