-
阅读判断
What Is a Dream?
For centuries, people have wondered
about the strange things that they
dream about. Some psychologists say
that this nighttime activity of the mind
has
no
special
meaning.
Others
，<
/p>
however
，
think
that
dreams
are
an
important part of our
lives. In fact, many experts believe that dreams
can tell
us about a
person
’
s mind and emotions.
Before
modern
times,
many
people
thought
that
dreams
contained
messages from God.
It was only in the twentieth century that people
started to
study dreams in a scientific
way.
The
Austrian
psychologist,
Sigmund
Freud
1
，
was
probably
the
first
person to study dreams
scientifically. In his famous book,
The
interpretation of
Dreams
(1900),
Freud
wrote
that
dreams
are
an
expression
of
a
person
’
s
wishes. He believed that dreams allow
people to express the feelings, thoughts,
and fears that they are afraid to
express in real life.
The
Swiss
psychiatrist
Carl
Jung
2
was
once
a
student
of
Freud
’
s.
< br>Jung
，
however
，<
/p>
had
a
different
idea
about
dreams.
Jung
believed
that
the
purpose of a dream was to communicate a
message to the dreamer. He thought
people could learn more about
themselves by thinking about their dreams. For
example, people who dream about falling
may learn that they have too high an
opinion of themselves. On the other
hand, people who dream about being heroes
may learn that
they think too little of themselves.
Modern-day psychologists continue to
develop theories about dreams. For
example,
psychologist
William
Domhoff
from
the
University
of
California,
Santa
Cruz
，
believes that dreams
are tightly linked to a
person
’
s daily life,
thoughts, and behavior. A criminal, for
example, might dream about crime.
Domhoff believes that there is a
connection between dreams and age. His
research
shows
that
children
do
not
dream
as
much
as
adults.
According
to
Domhoff, dreaming is a mental skill
that needs time to develop.
He has also
found a link between dreams and gender. His
studies show
that the dreams of men and
women are different. For example, the people in
men
’
s
dreams
are
often
other
men,
and
the
dreams
often
involve
fighting.
This is not true of
women
’
s
dreams.
3
Domhoff found this
gender difference in
the dreams of
people from 11 cultures around the world,
including both modern
and traditional
ones.
Can dreams help us understand
ourselves? Psychologists continue to try
to answer this question in different
ways. However, one thing they agree on
this: If you dream that something
terrible is going to
occur,
you shouldn
’
t
panic. The dream may have meaning, but
it does not mean
that some terrible
event will actually take place.
It
’
s important to remember
that the world of
dreams is not the
real world.
词汇：
psychologist
/
sa
?
?
k
?
l
?
d
?
?
st /
n
．
心理学家
psychiatrist /sai' kai
?
tr
?
st/
n
．
精
神病学家
(
医生
)
Austrian /
?
?
str
?
?
n / <
/p>
adj
．
奥
地利
的
注释：
gender /
?
d
?
end
?
/
n
．
性别
1
．
Sigmund Freud
西格蒙德
?
弗洛伊德（
1856
—
1939)
，犹太人，
奥
地利精神病医生及精神分析学家。精神分析学派的创始人。
他
认为被压抑的欲望绝大部分是属于性的，性的扰乱是精神
病的根本原因。著有《性学三论
》《梦的释义》《图腾与禁
忌》《日常生活的心理病理学》《精神分析引论》《精神分<
/p>
析引论新编》等。
2
．
Carl
Jung
：卡尔
?
荣格，瑞士著名精
神分析专家，分析心理
学的创始人。
3
．
For example,
the people in men
’
s dreams
are often other men, and the
dreams
often involve fighting. This is not true of
women
’
s dreams.
例<
/p>
如，在男性梦境中出现的通常是其他男性，而且常与打斗有
关，而
女性的梦境则不是这样。
练习：
1
．
Not everyone
agrees that dreams are meaningful.
A
Right
B
Wrong
C
Not mentioned
2
．
According
to
Freud,
people
dream
about
things
that
they
cannot
talk
about.
A
Right
B
Wrong
C
Not
mentioned
3
．
Jung
believed that dreams did not help one to
understand oneself.
A
Right
B
Wrong
C
Not mentioned
4
．
In the past,
people believed that dreams involved emotions.
A
Right
B
Wrong
C
Not
mentioned
5
．
According
to
Domhoff,
babies
do
not
have
the
same
ability
to
dream
as
adults do.
A
Right
B
Wrong
C
Not mentioned
6
．
Men and women
dream about different things.
A
Right
B
Wrong
C
Not mentioned
7
．
Scientists
agree that dreams predict the future.
A
Right
答案与题解
1
．
A
这句
话恰好表达了本文第一段的意思。即有些心理学家
认为，人脑睡眠中的活动没有特别意义
；而有些人则认为，
梦可以揭示人的思维和情感活动。
2
．
A
第三
段的最后一句讲的是弗洛伊德认为梦反映了人们在
现实情况下害怕表达的情感、思维和恐
惧。此句与本叙述一
致。
3
．
B
第四段的第二句和第三句：
Jung believed
that the purpose of a
dream was to
communicate a message to the dreamer.
（荣
格认为，梦的
用途是向做梦者传递一个信息）
He
thought people could learn more
B
Wrong
C
Not mentioned
about themselves by thinking about
their dreams.
（他认为人们通过思
考所做的梦能
够更好地了解自己）。他给出了两个例子来说
明他的论点。
4
．
C
文中没有提及。
5
．
A
依据
第六段，
Domhoff
研究得出：孩子不像成人做那么多
的梦，他认为做梦也是一项心智机能，需要随着年龄增长而
发展。<
/p>
6
．
A
本文第七段讲述了做梦与性别的关系。第二句更指出男
人和女人做的
梦是不同的。
7
．
B
最后
一段的倒数第二句讲的是：梦可能会有意义，但并
不表示一些恐怖事情就一定会发生。因
而不能预测未来。
第十三篇
Stage Fright
1
Fall down as you come onstage.
That
’
s an odd trick. Not
recommended.
But it saved the pianist
Vladimir Feltsman when he was a teenager back in
Moscow.
The
veteran
cellist
Mstislav
Rostropovich
tripped
him
purposely
to
cure
him of pre-performance
panic,
2
Mr. Feltsman said,
“
All my fright
was
gone. I already fell. What else
could happen?
”
Today, music schools are addressing the
problem of anxiety in classes that
deal
with performance techniques and career
preparation. There are a variety of
strategies that musicians can learn to
fight stage fright and its symptoms: icy
fingers, shaky limbs, racing heart,
blank mind.
3
Teachers
and
psychologists
offer
wide-ranging
advice,
from
basics
like
learning
pieces
inside
out,
4
to
mental
discipline,
such
as
visualizing
a
performance
and
taking
steps
to
relax.
Don
’
t
deny
that
you
’
re
jittery
，
they
urge; some excitement is natural, even necessary
for dynamic playing. And
play in public
often, simply for the experience.
Psychotherapist Diane Nichols suggests
some strategies for the moments
before
performance,
“
Take
two
deep
abdominal
breaths,
open
up
your
shoulders, then
smile,
’’
she
says.
“
And not one of these
‘
please
don
’
t kill
me
’
smiles. Then
choose three friendly faces in the audience,
people you
would
communicate
with
and
make
music
to,
and
make
eye
contact
with
them.
”
She
doesn
’
t want performers to
think of the audience as a judge.
Extreme
demands
by
mentors
or
parents
are
often
at
the
root
of
stage
fright
，
says
Dorothy
Delay,
a
well-known
violin
teacher.
She
tells
other
teachers to demand only what their
students are able to achieve.
When
Lynn
Harrell
was
20
，
he
became
the
principal
cellist
of
the
Cleverland
Orchestra, and he suffered extreme stage fright.
“
There were times
when I got so nervous I was sure the
audience could see my chest responding to
the
throbbing.
It
was
just
total
panic.
I
came
to
a
point
where
I
thought,
‘
If I have to go through this to play
music, I think I
’
m going to
look for
another
job.
”
5
Recovery,
he
said,
involved
developing
humility-
recognizing
that whatever his talent,
he was fallible
，
and that an
imperfect concert was
not a
disaster.
6
It is
not only young artists who suffer, of course. The
legendary pianist
Vladimir
Horowitz
’
s nerves were
famous. The great tenor Franco Corelli is
another
example.
“
They had to push
him on stage,
”
Soprano Renata
Scotto
recalled.
Actually
，
success
can
make
things
worse.
“
In
the
beginning
of
your
career,
when
you
’
re scared to death,
nobody knows who
you are, and they
don
’
t
have
any
expectat
ions,
”
Soprano
June
Anderson
said.
“
There
’
s
less to lose. Later
on, when you
’
re known,
people are coming to see you, and
they
have certain expectations. You have a lot to
lose.
”
Anderson
added
，“
I never stop being
nervous until I
’
ve sung my
last
note.
”
词汇：
veteran /
?
vet
?
r
?
n /
adj
．
经验
丰富的
jittery /
?
d
?
?
t
?
ri /
adj
．
紧张
不安的
mentor /
?
men
?
t
?
: /
n
．
指导者
soprano
/
s
?
?
prpr
ɑ
:n
?
?
/
cellist/
?
t
?
el
?
st /
n
．
大提琴演<
/p>
奏家
abdominal
/
?
b
?<
/p>
d
?
m
?
n
?
l
/
adj
．
腹部的
fallible/
?
f
?
l
?
b
?
l
/
adj
．
易犯
错误的
tenor /'ten
?
/
n
．
男高音
n
．
女高音；女高音歌手
注释：
1
．
Stage
Fright
：舞台恐惧
2
．
The veteran
cellist Mstislav Rostropovich tripped him
purposely to cure
him
of
pre-performance
panic
…资深大提琴家米提斯拉夫
?
罗斯
特罗波维奇故意把他绊倒，因而治愈了他的上台前的恐惧
症……
cure somebody of illness
(problem)
：医治好病（解决问题）
3
．
…
its
symptoms
：
icy
fingers,
shaky
limbs,
racing
heart,
blank
mind
…：……舞台恐惧的症状有：手指冰凉、四肢颤抖、
心跳加快和
大脑一片空白……
4
．
Teachers
and
psychologists
offer
wide-ranging
advice,
from
basics
like
learning
pieces
inside
out
…：老师和心理
学家给出了方方面面
的建议，从基础的做法，比如详细地学习曲目……
< br>
inside
out
：
in great
detail
详细地，从里到外地
5
．
I came to a
point where I thought
，‘
If I
have to go through this to
play music,
I think I
’
m going to look
for another job
’
.
：我曾经一
度认为，如果演奏音乐就必须过怯场这一关的话，那我可
能得换其他工作了。
6
．
Recovery,
he
said,
involved
developing
humility-
recognizing
that
whatever
his talent, he was fallible, and that an imperfect
concert was
not
a
disaster.
：他后来说，要克服恐惧重要的是学会谦逊，
即认识到不论自己多有才，总有可能会失误，一个有瑕疵
的音乐会绝对不是世界末日
。
练习：
1
．
Falling down
onstage was not a good way for Vladimir Feltsman
to deal
with his stage fright.
A
Right
B
Wrong
C
Not
mentioned
2
．
There
are many signs of stage fright.
A
Right
B
Wrong
C
Not mentioned
3
．
Teachers and
psychologists cannot help people with extreme
-stage fright.
A
Right
B
Wrong
C
Not mentioned
4
．
To perform well
on stage, you need to have some feelings of
excitement.
A
Right
B
Wrong
C
Not mentioned
5
．
If you have
stage fright, it's helpful to have friendly
audience.
A
Right
B
Wrong
C
Not mentioned
6
．
Often
people
have
stage
fright
because
parents
or
teachers
expect
too
much of them.
A
Right
B
Wrong
C
Not
mentioned
7
．
Famous
musicians never suffer from stage fright.
A
Right
答案与题解：
1
．
B
本文
第一段讲的是钢琴家弗拉基米尔
?
菲兹曼被米提斯
拉夫
?
罗斯特罗波维奇绊倒后，他的舞台恐惧被治愈
的经
历。
2
．
A
第二
段的最后一句点出舞台恐惧的诸多症状为：手指冰
凉、四肢颤抖、心跳加快和大脑一片空
白。
3
．
B
本文的第三、第四、第五和第六段都在讲老师和心理学
家为舞台
恐惧者提供全方位的建议。
4
．
A
依据第三段的倒数第二句：
some
excitement
is
natural,
even
necessary for dynamic
playing.
适度的兴奋对于精彩演出是正常甚
B
Wrong
C
Not mentioned
至是必要的。
5
．
C
第四
段提到克服舞台恐惧的方法之一是：在观众中选择
三位友好的面孔，与他们做眼光交流。
而克服舞台恐惧是
否需要观众友好文中未提。
6
．
A
第五
段讲了舞台恐惧的根源在于指导者或父母对表演者
要求太高。
e
xtreme
demands
就是
expect
too
much
of
them
的意
思。
7
．
B
第七
段讲的是：不只是年轻艺术家有舞台恐惧，钢琴家
弗拉基米尔
?
霍洛维茨和男高音弗朗科
?
科莱里亦不
能幸
免。
never
一词不恰当。
第三部分
概括大意与完成句子
第十三篇
Ward
off
1
Travel Bugs
1 As the holiday season approaches, so
does the prospect of jet lag, an
upset
stomach
or
sunburn
2
.
With
care
and
some
help
from
natural
sources,
however, it is quite possible to avoid
these problems.
2
You
can
start
to
prepare
a
couple
of
weeks
before
you
leave.
Food
poisoning will make any holiday
miserable, but by taking some medicine such
as
lactobacillus
and
bifidobacteria
3
,
you
can
reduce
the
likelihood
of
succumbing
to
4
poisoning
brought
on
5
by
food
or
water
tainted
with
unfamiliar bacteria.
3 By
improving the bacteria balance in your digestive
tract, you crowd
out the pathogenic bacteria and stop
them gaining a foothold.
6
The beneficial
bacteria also produce
gentle but effective natural antibiotics in your
gut.
4
In
many
holiday
locations
you
need
to
remember
the
basics:
drink
bottled
water,
avoid
undercooked
meat
and
ensure
that
food
hygiene
is
adequate. If you do
succumb to food poisoning, drink plenty of water
to stay
hydrated
and
see
a
doctor.
However
，
if
you
detect
diarrhea
early
enough,
you
might
like
to
try
taking
about
10
or
15
pancreatic
digestive
enzymes,
which can digest the multiplying
bacteria before they take over.
5
Taking a teaspoon of silicol
gel
7
can also help. This
lines the stomach
and
upper
intestinal
area
and
binds
with
bacteria
and
viruses
，
allowing
them
to
be
safely
passed
out
of
the
gut.
When
you
pack,
include
grapefruit-seed
extract
8
, which is an
excellent all-round anti-bacterial, anti-
parasitic
，
anti-
viral and anti-fungal agent.
6 Your
flight can also be made more pleasant. Peppermint
oil and ginger
capsules
9
ward
off motion sickness
，
but a
more delicious option is to nibble
on
crystallized ginger. If you tend to get earache on
take-off and landing
，
you can
use special earplugs with filler that slows down
the rate of change in
air pressure.
7
The
greatest
concern
is
“
economy
class
syndrome
”
,
the
popular
name
for deep-vein thrombosis, which can lead to blood
clots traveling from
the
legs
to
the
lungs,
heart
or
brain.
To
reduce
this,
you
need
a
couple
of
hours to stay hydrated, and avoid
alcohol.
8 You can also reduce the
severity
of inflammation by taking a
daily
gram of
vitamin C with the bioflavonoid
quercetin
10
. Vitamin C and
quercetin
also help to reduce prickly
heat.
9 Finally, if any adverse
symptoms persist while overseas, you should
see a doctor.
词汇：
bug / b
?
g /
n
．
臭虫；病菌；病
毒<
/p>
diarrhea
/[
?
da
?
?
?
ri:
?
/
?
s
?<
/p>
t
?
k
/ <
/p>
adj
．
抗寄生虫
的
anti-fungal
/
?
?
nt
?<
/p>
?
f
?
?
gl
/
adj
．
抗真菌的，
杀真菌的
nibble /
丨
n
?
bl/
vt
．
一点点地咬
下
pathogenic /
?
p
?
θ
?
?
d
?
en
?
k /
adj
．
病原的；
致病的；
发病的
thrombosis
/
θ
r
?
m
?
b
?
usis
/
n
．
腹泻
taint /te
?
nt/
v
．
感染；污染
pancreatic
/
?
p
?
?
kri
?
?
tik
/ <
/p>
adj
．
胰腺的
antibiotic /
?
?
nt
?
ba
?
?
?
t
?
k /
n
．
抗生素
option /
?
?
p
?
?
n /
n
．
选择
jet
lag
(
< br>跨时区高速飞行后）生
理节奏的破坏，飞行时差
反应
anti-parasitic
/
?
?
nt
?
?
p
?
r
?
注释：
1
．
ward off
：避开；防止
n
．
血栓
anti-viral
/
?
?
nt
?
?
va
?
?
r
?
l /
adj
．
抗病毒的
hydrate
/'haidr(e)it/
v
．
保持水分
2
．
As
the
holiday
season
approaches,
so
does
the
prospect
of
jet
lag,
an
upset
stomach
or
sunburn.
：随着假日的
临近，由于高空飞行时
差引起的生理不适、胃痛或日光灼烧等潜在问题也接踵而
至。第二个分句是由
so
引导的倒装句。例如：
“
He
is
a
doctor.
”
“
So am
I.
”
3
．
lactobacillus
and
bifidobacteria
：乳（酸）杆菌和双歧杆菌
4
．
succumb
to
：屈服，屈从
5
．
bring
on
：引起，导致
6
．
By improving
the bacteria balance in your digestive tract, you
crowd out
the pathogenic bacteria and
stop them gaining a foothold.
：通过改善
消化道内的细菌平衡，你就可以排出致病细菌，使它们没
有立足之地。
crowd out
：驱赶出。
7
．
silicol
gel
：偏磷酸酪蛋白氧化硅胶
8
．
grapefruit-seed
extract
：葡萄
軒
榨汁
9
．
peppermint
oil
and
ginger
capsules
：薄荷油和生姜胶囊。
m
edicine
—
般指内
服药
（包括液
体药
剂，例如
可以
说
a
drop
of
medicine
），
pill
指小的丸粒，
tablet
指药片，但有时
medicine
可代表药品的总
称。
10
．
bioflavonoid
quercetin
：生物类黄酮槲皮素
练习：
1
．
Paragraph 1
________.
2
．
Paragraph 4
________.
3
．
Paragraph 5
________.
A
B
C
D
E
F
Basics of What
to Eat and Drink
Medicine Against
Bacteria and Viruses
Avoiding Holiday
Troubles
Basics of Having a Pleasant
Flight
A Teaspoonful of Helpful Silicol
Preparations Against Food Poisoning
4
．
Paragraph 6
________.
5
．
Food-poisoning
may pose a problem ________.
6
．
Special
earplugs can make you feel better ________.
7
．
It is important
to drink a lot of water ________.
8
．
Don
’
t
forget to bring necessary medicine ________.
答案与题解：
1
．
C
实际上，这段也点明了全文的中心思想。
2
．
A
本段说明旅行时在吃与喝方面应注意的基本卫生问题。
3
．
B
注意
E
没有概括本段的中心意思。
4
．
D
本段开始介绍坐飞机旅行时的注意事项。
5
．
D
第二
、第三、第四、第五段都谈到了注意旅行中的饮食
卫生。
A
B
C
D
E
F
when your plane
is about to land
when you are taking
tablets
when you suffer from food-
poisoning
when you are travelling
when you are packing for your tour
when you are having a cold
6
．
A
答案的根据为文章第六段的第三句。
7
．
C
第四段提到当食物中毒时要多喝水，以免脱水。
8
．
E
答案的根据在第五段。
第四部分
阅读理解
第二十九篇
I
’
ll Be Bach
Composer David Cope is the inventor of
a computer program that writes
original
works
of
classical
music.
It
took
Cope
30
years
to
develop
the
software. Now most people
can
’
t tell the difference
between music by the
famous
German
composer
J.
S.
Bach
(1685-1750)
and
the
Bach-like
compositions from
Cope
’
s computer.
It all started in 1980 in the United
States, when Cope was trying to
write
an opera. He was having trouble thinking of new
melodies, so he wrote
a computer
program to create the melodies. At first this
music was not easy to
listen to. What
did Cope do? He began to rethink how human beings
compose
music.
He
realized
that
composers
，
brains
work
like
big
databases.
First,
they take in all the music that they
have ever heard. Then they take out the
music
that
they
dislike.
Finally,
they
make
new
music
from
what
is
left.
According to Cope, only the great
composers are able to create the database
accurately, remember it, and form new
musical patterns from it.
Cope built a
huge database of existing music. He began with
hundreds
of works by Bach. The software
analyzed the data
：
it broke
it down into
smaller pieces and looked for patterns.
It then combined the pieces into new
patterns. Before long, the program
could compose short Bach-like works. They
weren
’
t good, but
it was a start.
Cope knew he had more
work to do-he had a whole opera to write. He
continued
to
improve
the
software.
Soon
it
could
analyze
more
complex
music. He also added many other
composers, including his own work, to the
database.
A few years later<
/p>
，
Cope
’
s
computer program, called
“
Em
my
”，
was
ready
to
help
him
with
his
opera.
The
process
required
a
lot
of
collaboration
between
the
composer
and
Emmy.
Cope
listened
to
the
computer
’
s
musical ideas and used the ones that he liked.
With Emmy, the
opera took only two
weeks to finish. It was called Cradle Falling, and
it was
a great success! Cope received
some of the best reviews of his career, but no
one knew exactly how he had composed
the work.
Since
that
first
opera,
Emmy
has
written
thousands
of
compositions.
Cope still
gives
Emmy feedback on what he likes
and doesn
’
t like of her
music, but she is doing most of the
hard work of composing these days!
词汇：
original/
?
?
r
?
d
?
?
n
< br>?
l
/
?
?
?
n /
n
．
合作
review/ r
?
'vju:/
n
．
评论
feedback
/'fi:db
?
k /
n
．
反馈
<
/p>
adj
．
有独创性的
collaboration
/
k
?
?
l
?
b
?
?
re
注释
J. S. Bach
约翰
?
塞巴斯蒂安
?
巴赫
（德
语：
Johann Sebastian Bach
，
1685
年
3
月
31
日一
1750
年
7
月
28
日）
，巴洛克时期的德国作曲
家，杰出的管风琴、小提琴、大键琴演
奏家，同作曲家亨德尔
和泰勒曼齐名。巴赫被普遍认为是音乐史上最重要的作曲家之
一，并被尊称为“西方‘现代音乐’之父”，也是西方文化史
上最重
要的人物之一。
练习：
1
．
The music
composed by David cope is about ______.
A
classical music
B
pop music
C
drama
D
country music
2
．
By developing a
computer software
，
David cope
aimed ______.
A
to be like
Bach
B
to study Bach
C
to write an opera
D
to create a musical
database
3
．
What
did cope realize about a great
composer
’
s brain?
A
It works like a big
database.
B
It writes a
computer program.
C
It can
recognize any music patterns.
D
It can create melodies.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
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