职称英语历年真题及答案

A

级）

真题及答 案…………………………

76

7.2009

< br>年全国职称英语考试

（理工类

A

级）

真题及答案…………………………

89

< br>8.2010

年全国职称英语考试

（理工类

A

级）

真题及答案…………………………

1 < /p>

2003

年职称英语等级考试理工类

A< /p>

级试题及答案

第一部分：词汇选项（第

1

—

15

题，每题

1

分，共

15

分）

下面共有

15

个句子，每个句子中均有

1

个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个 句子后面所

给的

4

个选项中选择

1

个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

答案 一律涂在答题卡相应的位

置上。

1.

The union representative put across her argument very effectively.

A

explained

B

invented

C

considered

D

accepted

2.

He talks tough but has a tender heart.

A

heavy

B

strong

C

kind

D

wild

3.

It is no use debating the relative merits of this policy.

A

making

B

taking

C

discussing

D

expecting

4.

Our statistics show that we consume all that we are capable of producing.

A

waste

B

buy

C

use

D

sell

5.

The fuel tanks had a capacity of 140 liters.

A

function

B

ability

C

power

D

volume

6.

Our lives are intimately bound up with theirs.

A

tensely

B

nearly

C

carefully

D

closely

7.

Her faith upheld her in times of sadness.

A

supported

B

excited

C

inspired

D

directed

2

8.

The book provides a concise analysis of the country’s history.

A

clean

B

perfect

C

real

D

brief

9.

It is laid down in the regulations that all members must carry their

membership cards at all times.

A

suggested

B

warned

C

stated

D

confirmed

10.

The council meeting terminated at 2 o’clock.

A

began

B

continued

C

ended

D

resumed

11.

Red flag was placed there as a token of danger.

A

sign

B

substitute

C

proof

D

target

12.

However bad the situation is, the majority is unwilling to risk change.

A

reluctant

B

eager

C

pleased

D

angry

13.

It

has

been

said

that

the

Acts

provided

a

new

course

of

action

and

did

not

merely regulate or enlarge an old one.

A

limit

B

control

C

replace

D

offset

14.

The

secretary

is

expected

to

explore

ideas

for

post-war

reconstruction

of

the area.

A

deny

B

investigate

C

stress

D

create

15.

The

steadily

rising

cost

of

labor

on

the

waterfront

has

greatly

increased

the cost of shipping cargo by water.

A

gradually

B

suddenly

C

excessively

D

exceptionally

第

2

部分：阅读判断（第

16

—

22

题，每题

1

分，共

7

分）

3

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了

7

个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。

如果该句提供 的是正确信息，

请在答题卡上把

A

涂黑 ；

如果该句提供的是错误信息，

请在答

题卡上把

B

涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡 上把

C

涂黑。

A Dolphin and an Astronomer

One

day

in

1963,

a

dolphin

named

Elvar

and

a

famous

astronomer,

Carl

Sagan,

were

playing a little game. The astronomer was visiting an institute which was looking

into the way dolphins communicate with each other. Sagan was standing on the edge

of one of the tanks where several of these friendly, highly intelligent creatures

were kept. Elvar had just swum up alongside him and had turned on his back.

The dolphin wanted Sagan to scratch his stomach again, as the astronomer had

done twice before. Elvar looked up at Sagan, waiting. Then, after a minute or so,

the

dolphin

leapt

up

through

the

water

and

made

a

sound

just

like

the

word

“more”.

The astonished astronomer went

to the director

of the institute

and told him about

the incident

. ‘Oh, yes. That’s one of the words he knows,’ the director said,

showing no surprise at all.

Dolphins have bigger brain in proportion to their body size than humans have,

and it has been known for a long time that they can make a number of sounds. What

is more, these sounds

seem to have different functions, such as warning

each other

of

danger.

Sound

travels

much

faster

and

much

further

in

water

than

it

does

in

air.

That is why the parts of the brain that deal with sound are much better developed

in do

lphin than in humans. But can it be said that dolphins have a ‘language’,

in the real sense of the word? Scientists don’t agree on this.

A language is not just a collection of sounds, or even words. A language has

a

structure

and

what

we

call

a

grammar.

The

structure

and

grammar

of

a

language

help

to give it meaning. For example, the two questions “Who loves Mary?” and “Who

does Mary love

?” mean very different things. If you stop to think about it, you

will

see

that

this

difference

doesn’t

come

from

the

words

in

the

question

but

from

the

difference

in

structure.

That

is

why

the

question

“Can

dolphins

speak?”

can’t

be

answered

until

we

find

out

if

dolphins

not

only

make

sounds

but

also

arrange

them

in a grammatical order which affects their meaning.

4

16

The

astronomer

was

not

interested

in

the

way

dolphins

communicate

with

each

other.

A

Right

B

Wrong

C

Not mentioned

17

The dolphin leapt up into the air because Sagan was too near the water.

A

Right

B

Wrong

C

Not mentioned

18

Parts of t

he dolphin’s brain are particularly well developed to handle

different kinds of sound.

A

Right

B

Wrong

C

Not mentioned

19

Dolphins are the most useful animals to humans.

A

Right

B

Wrong

C

Not mentioned

20

Dolphins travel faster in water than any other animals.

A

Right

B

Wrong

C

Not mentioned

21

Some scientists believe that dolphins have a language of their own.

A

Right

B

Wrong

C

Not mentioned

22

Sounds

can

be

called

a

language

only

when

they

have

a

structure

and

a

grammar.

A

Right

B

Wrong

C

Not mentioned

第

3

部分：概括大意与完成句子

（第

23

—

30

题，每题

1

分， 共

8

分）

阅读下 面这篇短文，

短文后有

2

项测试任务：

（

1

）第

23

—

26

题要求从所给的

6

个选项

中为第

2

3

、

5

和

6

段每段选择

1

（

2

） 第

27

—

30

题要求从所给的

6

个选

项中选择

4

个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上 。

The Weight Experiment

Nicola

Walters

has

been

taking

part

in

experiments

in

Scotland

to

discover

why

humans

gain

and lost weight. Being locked in a

small room called

a ‘calorimeter’

（热量测量室

)is one way to find out.

sighs

above

the

two

rooms

read

simply

“Chamber

One”

and

“Chamber

Two”.

These

are

the

calorimeters:

4m

by

2m

white-walled

rooms

where

human

volunteers

are

locked up in the name of science. Outside these rooms another sign reads “Please

do not enter-

work in progress” and in front of the rooms advanced machinery

5

registers

every

move

the

volunteers

make.

Each

day,

meals

measured

to

the

last

gram

are

passed

through

a

hole

in

the

wall

of

the

calorimeter

to

the

resident

volunteer.

Walters is one of twenty volunteers who, over the past eight months,

have spent varying periods inside the calorimeter. Tall and slim, Nicola does not

have

a

weight

problem,

but

thought

the

strict

diet

might

help

with

her

training

and

fitness

programme.

A

self-employed

community

dance

worker,

she

was

able

to

fit

the

experiment in around her work. She saw an advert for volunteers at her local gym

and as she is interested in the whole area of diet and exercise, she thought she

would help out.

experiment

on

Nicola

involved

her

spending

one

day

on

a

fixed

diet

at

home

and

the

next

in

the

room.

This

sequence

was

repeated

four

times

over

six

weeks.

She

arrived at the calorimeter at 8:30 am on each of the four mornings and from then

on

everything

she

ate

or

drank

was

carefully

measured.

Her

every

move

was

noted

too,

her daily exercise routine timed to the last second. At regular intervals, after

eating, she filled in forms about how hungry she felt and samples were taken for

analysis.

scientists help volunteers impose a kind of order on the long days they

face in the room. “The first time, I only took one video and a book, but it was

OK because I watched TV the rest of the time,” says Nicola. And twice a day she

used the exercise bike. She pedaled () for half an hour, watched by researchers to

make sure she didn’t go too fast.

seems that some foods encourage

you to

eat more, while others satisfy

you

quickly.

Volunteers

are

already

showing

that

high-fat

diets

are

less

likely

to

make

you feel full. Believing that they may now

know

what encourages

people to overeat,

the researchers are about to start testing a high- protein weight-loss diet.

Volunteers are required and Nicola has signed up for further sessions.

A

、

What does the calorimeter look like

inside?

23 Paragraph 1____________

B

、

What program was designed for the

24 Paragraph 1____________

experiment?

25 Paragraph 1____________

C

、

What is a calorimeter?

26 Paragraph 1____________

D

、

What is the first impression?

E

、

How do the volunteers kill the time?

F

、

Why

did

Nicola

join

in

the

experiments?

6

machinery outside the calorimeters records everything___________.

Walters had time for the experiments________________.

eers

have

to

get

prepared

for

the

time

in

the

calorimeter____________.

experiments show that high-fat diets_____________.

A

the volunteers do

B

because she does not have a weight problem

C

because the life there can be very boring

D

make people overeat

E

because she was her own boss

F

after passing a high-protein test

第

4

部分：阅读理解（第

31

—

45

题，每题

3

45

分）

下面有

3

篇短文，每篇短文后有

5

道题，每道题 后面有

4

个选项。请根据文章的内容，

从每题所给的

4

个选项中选择

1

个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

第一篇

“Salty” Rice Plant Boosts Harvests

British scientists are breeding a new generation of rice plants that will be

able to grow in soil containing salt water. Their work may enable abandoned farms

to become productive once more.

Tim Flowers and Tony Yeo, from Sussex University’s School of Biological

Sciences, have spent several years researching how crops, such as rice, could be

made to grow in water that has become salty.

The

pair

have

recently

begun

a

three-year

programme,

funded

by

the

Biotechnology

and Biological Sciences Research Council, to establish which genes enable some

plants

to

survive

salty

conditions.

The

aim

is

to

breed

this

capability

into

crops,

starting with rice.

It is estimated that each year more than 100 hectares (

公顷

) of agricultural

land are lost because salt gets into the soil and stunts (

妨碍生长

)plants. The

problem

is

caused

by

several

factors.

In

the

tropics,

mangroves

(

红树林

)

that

create

swamps (

沼泽

) and traditionally formed barriers to sea water have been cut down.

In the Mediterranean, a series of droughts have caused the water table to drop,

allowing sea water to seep (

渗透

) in. in Latin America, irrigation often causes

problems

when

water

is

evaporated

(

蒸发

)

by

the

heat,

leaving

salt

deposits

behind.

7

Excess

salt

then

enters

the

plants

and

prevents

them

functioning

normally.

Heavy

concentrations of minerals in the plants stop them drawing up the water they need

to survive.

To overcome these problems, Flowers and Yeo decided to breed rice plants that

take in very little salt and store what they do absorb in cells that do not affect

the plants’ growth. They have started to breed these characteristics into a new

rice

crop,

but

it

will

take

about

eight

harvests

before

the

resulting

seeds

are

ready

to be considered for commercial use.

Once the characteristics for surviving salty soil are known, Flowers and Yeo

will try to breed the appropriate genes into all manners of crops and plants. Land

that has been abandoned to nature will then be able to bloom again, providing much

needed food in the poorer countries of the world.

of the following statements about Flowers and Yeo is true?

are students at Sussex University.

are rice breeders.

are husband and wife

are colleagues at an institution of higher learning.

s and Yeo have started a programme

find ways to prevent water pollution.

identify genes that promote growth in salty soil.

breed rice plants that taste salty.

find ways to remove excessive salt from soil.

of

the following is NOT

mentioned as a cause of the problem discussed

in the passage?

l barriers to sea water have been destroyed.

water table has gone down after droughts.

level has been continuously rising.

ation of water leaves salt behind.

word “affect” in Paragraph 6 could be best replaced by

A.“influence”

B.“effect”

C.“stop”

D.“present”

8

35

The attitude of the author towards the research project is

ve

ve.

ious

erent.

第二篇

Living with Computer

After too long on the Net, even a phone call can be a shock. My boyfriend’s

Liverpudian

accent

suddenly

becomes

hard

to

understand

after

the

clarity

of

his

words

on

screen;

a

secretary’s

tone

seems

more

rejecting

than

I’d

imagined

it

would

be.

Time

itself

becomes

fluid

–

hours

become

minutes,

and

alternately

seconds

stretch

into days. Weekends, once a highlight of my week, are now just two ordinary days.

For

the

last

three

years,

since

I

stopped

working

as

a

producer

for

Charlie

Rose,

I have done much of my work as a tele-commuter (

远程交谈者

). I submit articles and

edit

them

via

E-mail

and

communicate

with

colleagues

on

Internet

mailing

lists.

My

boyfriends lives in England, so much of our relationship is computer-mediated.

If

I

desired,

I

could

stay

inside

for

weeks

without

wanting

anything.

I

can

order

food, and manage my money, love and work. In fact, at times I have spent as long

as three weeks alone at home, going out only to get mail and buy newspapers and

groceries. I watched most of the blizzard (

暴风雪)of ’96 on TV.

But

after

a

while,

life

itself

begins

to

feel

unreal.

I

start

to

feel

as

though

I’ve

merged

with

my

machines,

taking

data

in,

spitting

them

back

out,

just

another

node

(

节点

)

on

the

Net.

Others

on

line

report

the

same

symptoms.

We

start

to

strongly

dislike the outside forms of socializing. It’s like attending an A.A. meeting in

a

bar

with

everyone

holding

a

half-

sipped

drink.

We

have

become

the

Net

opponents’

worst nightmare.

What first seemed like a luxury, crawling from bed to computer, not worrying

about hair, and clothes and face, has become an avoidance, a lack of discipline.

And

once

you

start

replacing

real

human

contact

with

cyber-interaction

(

网上交流

),

coming back out of the cave can be quite difficult.

At

times,

I

turn

on

the

television

and

just

leave

it

to

chatter

in

the

background,

something that I’d never done previously. The voices of the programs soothe (安

慰) me,

but then I’m jarred (使感不快

)by the commercials.

I find myself sucked

in

by soap

operas, or compulsively (

强制性地

) needing to keep up with the

latest

news

and the weather. “Dateline,” “Frontline,” “Nightline,” CNN, every possible

9

angle of every story over and over and over, even when they are of no possible use

to me. Work movers from foreground to background.

ed with the clear words of her boyfriend on screen, his accent is

e.

ct.

.

ding.

passage implies that the writer and her boyfriend live in

d.

ent countries.

same city.

same country.

alone in a house, the writer seems to

totally forgotten her work.

afraid of her neighbors.

some comfort from TV programs.

gone crazy.

learn from the passage that the writer

fed up with the Net opponents.

s people to the computer.

addicted to the computer.

not like human contact.

phrase “coming back out of the cave” in the fifth paragraph means

A.“coming back home”.

B.“giving up the present job”.

C.“living a luxurious life”.

D.“restoring real human contact”.

第三篇

The Body Clock

Why

is

it

that

flying

to

New

York

from

London

will

leave

you

feeling

less

tired

than flying to London from New York? The answer may be a clear case of biology not

being able to keep up with technology.

10

Deep inside the brain there is a ‘clock’ that governs every aspect of the

body’s

functioning:

sleep

and

wake

cycles,

levels

of

alertness,

performance,

mood,

hormone levels, digestion, body temperature and so on. It regulates all of these

functions on a 24-hour basis and is called the biological clock.

The

body

clock

programmes

us

to

be

sleepy

twice

a

day,

between

3-5

am

and

again

between 3-5 pm. Afternoon tea and nap are all cultural responses to our natural

biological sleepiness in the afternoon.

One of the major causes of the travellers’ malady known as jet lag is the

non-

alignment

of

a

person’s

internal

body

clock

with

clocks

in

the

external

world.

Crossing

different

time

zones

confuses

the

biological

clock,

which

then

has

to

adjust

to the new time and patterns of light and activity. To make matters more complex,

not

all

internal

body

functions

adjust

at

the

same

rate.

So

your

sleep/wake

may

adjust

to

a

new

time

zone

at

one

rate,

while

your

temperature

adjusts

at

a

different

pace.

Your digestion may be on a different schedule altogether.

Though we live in a 24-hour day, the natural tendency of the body clock is to

extend our day beyond 24 hours. It is contrary to our biological programming to

‘shrink’ our day.

That

is

why

traveling

in

a

westward

direction

is

more

body-clock

friendly

than

flying east. NASA studies of long haul pilots showed that westward travel was

associated with significantly better sleep quantity and quality than eastward

flights.

When flying west, you are ‘extending your day, thus traveling in the natural

direction

of your internal clock. Flying eastward will involve ‘shrinking’ or

reducing your day and is in direct opposition to your internal clock’s natural

tendency.

One of the more common complaints of travelers is that their sleep becomes

disrupted. There are many reasons for this: changing time zones and schedules,

changing light and activity levels, trying to sleep when your body clock is

programmed to be awake, disruption of the internal biological clock and working

longer hours.

It is often suggested that you adjust your watch as soon as you board a plane,

supposedly

to

try

to

help

you

adjust

to

your

destination’s

schedule

as

soon

as

you

arrive.

But

it

can

take

the

body

clock

several

days

to

several

weeks

to

fully

adjust

11

to a new time zone.

So, our body

clock truly can ‘govern’ us.

role of the body clock is to

us to sleep 6 hours a day.

us adapt to a 24-hour cycle.

te the body’s functions.

ere with the body’s functions.

word “malady” in Paragraph 4

is closest in meaning to

A.“condition”.

B.“discomfort”.

C.“injury”.

D.“excitement”.

in a westward direction will

you sleep better.

se the degree of jet lag.

your day.

you overeat.

of

the following in NOT

mentioned as a reason for the

disrupted sleep

of travelers?

ng different time zones.

ng light and activity levels.

g longer hours.

ng out of the plane for a long time.

can be seen from the last two paragraphs that

can control your own body clock.

is not difficult to adjust to a new time zone.

ing your watch can help you a avoid jet lag.

isn’t much you can do to avoid jet lag.

第

5

部分：补全短文（第

46

—

题，每题

2

分，共< /p>

10

分）

阅读下面的短文，文章中有

5

处空白，文章后面有

6

组文字，请根据文章的 内容选择

5

组文字，

将其分别放回文章 原有位置，

以恢复文章原貌。

请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上 。

Ruining the Ruins

12

Acid rain (

酸雨

)is now a familiar problem in the industrialized countries in

Europe. Harmful gases are produced by power stations and cars. They dissolve in

rainwater and this makes acid rain, which damages trees, rivers and streams.

Acid rain is

also

capable of dissolving some rocks.

And buildings

made of soft

rock, such as limestone (

石灰石

), are particularly badly affected. The acid rain

attacks the rock, and so carvings and statues are eroded (

受腐蚀

) more quickly.

__________(46) According to a report in the New Scientist, acid rain is being

blamed

for the rapid decay of ancient ruins in

Mexico.

The old limestone buildings

in

places

like

Chichen

Itza,

Tulum

and

Palenque

are

wearing

away

very

quickly

indeed.

These sites are the remains of the buildings built by the Mayas between 250 BC and

AD900,

and

the

spectacular

ruins

of

Mayan

civilization

are

visited

by

thousands

of

tourists every year.

But those ruins are

in danger of

being seriously damaged by pollution. At many

sites the stone has been covered with a layer of black substance.

________________(47).

Scientists

estimate

that

about

one

millimeter

of

stone

is

worn

away

every

twelve

years. ________________(48) The acid rain is said to be caused by pollution from

oil

wells

in

the

Gulf

of

Mexico.

Car

exhaust

gases

are

also

a

problem.

Local

volcanic

eruptions

make

the

problem

even

worse.

Nevertheless,

with

enough

money

and

effort,

researchers say that many of the problems could be solved and the rate of erosion

reduced. ____________ (49).

Mexico’s

current

lack

of

funds

is

also

partly

due

to

oil.

The

country

has

rich

oil fields and a few years ago, when oil was expensive, Mexico was selling large

quantities of oil to the USA and earning a lot of money. __________ (50) However,

the

price

of

oil

then

dropped,

and

Mexico

has

been

left

owing

enormous

sums

of

money

and

with

not

enough

income

from

oil

sales

to

pay

back

the

loans.

So

unless

the

price

of oil rises, it is unlikely that Mexico will be able to afford to clean up the

pollution and save its Mayan ruins from destruction.

others

the

painted

surfaces

inside

temples

are

lifting

and

flaking

off

()

and the stone is being eaten away.

is

enough

to

have

caused

some

of

the

ancient

carvings

to

become

seriously

damaged already.

13

measures

would

reduce

the

pollution,

but

would

not

stop

it

completely.

government was therefore able to borrow huge sums of money from banks

around the world, thinking they would have no problem repaying their debts.

problem, however, is not just a European one.

r, the Mexican government does not have enough money to do the work,

and needs to spend what money it has on the Mexican people.

第

6

部分：完形填空

（第

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—

65

题，每题

1

分，共

15