-
2017
年职称英语理工
B
真题及答案(完整版)
p>
第
1
部分:词汇选项(第
< br>1
~
15
题,每题
1
分,共
15
分)
下面每个句子中均有
1
个词或者短语划有底横线,<
/p>
请为每处划线部分确定
1
个意义最为
p>
接近的选项。
1. The majority of people around here
are decent.
A. real
B. honest
C. normal
D. wealthy
2. The curriculum was too
narrow and too rigid.
A. hidden
B.
traditional
C. inflexible
D. official
3.
The committee was asked to render a report on the
housing situation.
A. furnish
B.
copy
C. publish
D.
summarize
4. Afterwards
there was just a feeling of let down.
A. excitement
B. disappointment
C. anger
D. calm
5.
Several windows had been smashed.
A. cleaned
B. replaced
C. fixed
D. broken
6. The
worst agonies of the war were now beginning.
A. pains
B. parts
C. aspects
D. results
7. London quickly became a
flourishing port.
A. major
B.
large
C. successful
D.
commercial
8. She felt that
she had done her good deed for the day.
A.
homework
B. justice
C.
model
D. act
9.
He led a very moral life.
A. human
B.
intelligent
C. natural
D.
honorable
10. His stomach
felt hollow with fear.
A. sincere
B.
respectful
C. empty
D.
terrible
11. It was a magic
night until the spell was broken.
A. time
B. charm
C. space
D. opportunity
12. His professional career spanned 16
years.
A. started
B. changed
C. moved
D. lasted
13. They are trying to
identify what is wrong with the present system.
A.
discover
B. prove
C.
consider
D. imagine
14. His knowledge of French is fair.
A.
very useful
B. very limited C. quite
good
D. rather special
15. The group does not advocate the use
of violence.
A. limit
B. regulate
C. oppose
D. support
第
2
p>
部分:阅读判断(第
16
~
22
题,每题
1
分,共
7
分)
So Many
“Earths”
The Milky Way
contains billions of Earth-sized planets that
could support life
that's the finding
of a new study. It draws on date that came from
NASA's top
planet-hunting telescope.
A
mechanical failure recently put that Kepler space
telescope out of service.
Kepler had
played a big role in creating a census of planets
orbiting some 170,000
stars. Its data
have been helping astronomers predict how common
planets are in our
galaxy. The
telescope focused on hunting planets that might
have conditions similar
to those on
Earth.
The authors of a study published in The
Proceedings of the National Academy of
sciences, conclude that between 14 and
30 out of every 100 stars, with a mass and
temperature similar to the Sun, may
host a planet that could support life as we know
it.
Such a planet would have a diameter at
least as large as Earth's, but no more than
twice that big. The planet also would
have to orbit in a star's habitable zone. That's
where the surface temperature would
allow any water to exist as a liquid.
The new
estimate of how many planets might fit these
conditions comes from
studying more
than 42,000 stars and identifying suitable worlds
orbiting them. The
scientists used
those numbers to extrapolate to the rest of the
stars that the telescope
could not see
.
The estimate is rough, the authors
admit. If applied to the solar system, it would
define as habitable a zone starting as
close to the Sun as Venus and running to as far
away as Mars. Neither planet is
Earthlike (although either might have been in the
distant past). Using tighter limits,
the researchers estimate that between 4 and 8 out
of
every 100 Sunlike stars could host
an Earth-sized world. These are ones that would
take 200 to 400 days to complete a
yearly orbit.
Four out of every 100 sunlike stars
doesn't sound like a big number. It would
mean, however, that the Milky Way could
host more than a billion Earth-sized planets
with a change for life.
16. The Kepler space telescope has been
in service for 15 years.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
17.
The main task of the Kepler space telescope is to
find out planets with similar conditions
to Earth's.
A. Right
B.
Wrong
C. Not mentioned
18. The planet
that could support life might be a little bit
smaller than Earth.
A. Right
B.
Wrong
C. Not mentioned
19. The Earth
is planet orbiting in the Sun's habitable zone.
A.
Right
B. Wrong
C. Not
mentioned
20. The new finding is based on a
thorough study of 170,000 stars in the Milky Way.
A.
Right
B. Wrong
C. Not
mentioned
21. The estimate of the
number of planets that could support life is not
very accurate.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
22. This is the
first research finding about the planets with a
chance for life.
A. Right
B.
Wrong
C. Not mentioned
第
3
部分:
概括大意和完成句子(第
23
~
30<
/p>
题,每题
1
分,共
8
分)
下面的短文后有
2
< br>项测试任务:
(
1
)
第
23 ~ 26
题要求从所给的
6
个选项中为指定段落
每段选择
1
个小标题;
(
2
< br>)
第
27 ~ 30
题要求从所
给的
6
个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳
选项。
Climate Change: The Long
Reach
1 Earth is
warming. Sea levels are rising. There's more
carbon in the air, and
Arctic ice is
melting faster than at any time in recorded
history. Scientists who study
the
environment to better gauge
(
评估
) Earth's future climate
now argue that these
changes may not
reverse for a very long time.
2 People burn
fossil fuels like coal and oil for energy. That
burning releases
carbon dioxide, a
colorless gas. In the air, this gas traps heat at
Earth’s surface. And
the more carbon
dioxide released, the more the planet warms. If
current consumption
of fossil fuels
doesn’t slow, the long
-term climate
impacts could last thousands of
years
—
and be more severe than
scientists had been expecting. Climatologist
Richard
Zeebe of the University of
Hawaii at Manoa offers this conclusion in a new
paper.
3 Most climate-
change studies look at what's going to happen in
the next century
or so. During that
time, changes in the planet's environment could
nudge (
推动
)
global
warming even higher. For example: Snow and ice
reflect sunlight back into
space. But
as these melt, sunlight can now reach
—
and warm
—
the exposed ground.
This extra heat raises the air
temperature even more, causing even more snow to
melt.
This type of rapid exaggeration
of impacts is called a ―fast feedback.‖.
4
Zeebe says it's important to look at fast
feedbacks. However, he adds, they're
limited. From a climate change
perspective.
for the next few
generations,‖ he told Science News. ―But the world
is not ending in
2100.‖ For his new
study, Zeebe now focuses on ―slow feedbacks‖.
While fast
feedback events unfold over
decades or centuries, slow feedbacks can take
thousands
of years. Melting of
continental ice sheets and the migration of plant
life
—
as they
relocate to more comfortable areas
—
are two examples of slow
feedbacks.
5 Zeebe gathered information from
previously published studies investigating
how such processes played out over
thousands of years during past dramatic changes
in climate. Then he came up with a
forecast for the future that accounts for both
slow
and fast feedback processes.
Climate forecasts that use only fast feedbacks
predict a
4.5 degree Celsius (8.1
degree Fahrenheit) change by the year 3000. But
slow
feedbacks added another 1.5
°
C
—
for a
6°
total increase, Zeebe reports. He
also
found that stow feedback events
will cause global warming to persist for thousands
of
years after people run out of fossil
fuels to burn.
23.
Paragraph 2 ____A_____
24. Paragraph 3 ____D____
25.
Paragraph 4 ____B_____
26. Paragraph 5 ____C_____
A.
Impact of burning fossil fuels
B. Slow
feedbacks
C. A prediction of future climate
change
D. Fast feedbacks
E. Rising of
sea levels
F.
Unpredictability of
feedback processes
27. Arctic ice has never
been melting so fast in ____B_____.
28. Melting of snow and ice
enables sunlight to reach ____E____.
29. Zeebe came
up with his future climate prediction by analyzing
___F_____.
30. After fossil fuels are used up,
global warming will continue for ___A_____.
A.
a very long time
B. recorded history
C.
rapid exaggeration of impacts
D. the extra
heat
E. the exposed ground
F. previously
published studies
< br>第
4
部分:阅读理解(第
31<
/p>
~
45
题,每题
3
分,共
45
分)
下面有
3
篇短文,每篇短文后有
5
p>
道题。请根据短文内容,为每题确定
1
个最
佳选项。
第一篇
Approaches to Understanding
Intelligences
(
本次考试理工
A
阅读其中一篇
)
It bays to be
smart, but we are not all smart in the same way
.You may be a
talented musician, but
you might not be a good reader. Each of us is
different.
Psychologists disagree about what is
intelligence and what are talents or personal
abilities .Psychologists have two
different views on intelligence .Some believe
there is
one general intelligence
.Others believe there are many different
intelligences .
Some psychologists say
there is one type of intelligence that can be
measured
with IQ tests .These
psychologists support their view with research
that concludes that
people who do well
on one kind of test for mental ability do well on
other tests .They
do well on tests
using words, numbers or pictures. They do well on
individual or
group tests, and written
or oral tests .Those who do poorly on one test, do
the same on
all tests.
Studies of the
brain show that there is a biological basis for
general
intelligence .The brain of
intelligence people use less energy during problem
solving .The brain waves of people with
higher intelligence show a quicker
reaction .Some researchers conclude
that differences in intelligence result from
differences in the speed and
effectiveness of information processing by the
brain .
Howard Gardner, a psychologist at the
Harvard School of Education, has four
children .He believes that all children
are different and shouldn’t be tested by one
intelligence test .Although Gardner
believes general intelligence exists, he doesn’t
think it tells much about the talents
of a person outside of formal schooling .He think
that the human mind has different
intelligences .These intelligences allow us to
solve
the kinds of problems we are
presented with in life .Each of us has different
abilities
within these intelligences
.Gardner believes that the purpose of school
should be to
encourage development of
all of our intelligences .
Gardner says that his
theory is based on biology .For example ,when one
part of
the Brain is injured ,other
parts of the brain still work .People who cannot
talk
because of Brain damage can still
sing .So ,there is not just one intelligence to
lose .Gardner has Identified 8
different kinds of intelligence; linguistic,
mathematical,
spatial, musical,
Interpersonal, intrapersonal, body-
kinesthetic(
身体动觉的
),and
naturalistic .
31. What is the main idea of this
passage?
A. How to understand intelligence.
B. The
importance of intelligence.
C. The
development of intelligence tests.
D. How to
become intelligent.
32.
Which of the following statements is true
concerning general intelligence?
A. Most
intelligent people do well on some intelligence
tests.
B. People doing well on one type of
intelligence test do well on other tests.
C.
Intelligent people do not do well on group tests.
D.
Intelligent people do better on written tests than
on oral tests.
33. Gardner believes that ______.
A.
children have different intelligences.
B. all children
are alike.
C. children should take one
intelligence test.
D. there is no general
intelligence.
34. According
to Gardner, schools should ______.
A. test
students’ IQs.
B. train students who do poorly on
tests.
C. focus on finding the most
intelligent students.
D. promote development of
all intelligences.
35.
Gardner thinks that his theory has a ______.
A.
musical foundation.
B. biological foundation.
C.
intrapersonal foundation.
D. linguistic foundation.
第二篇
The Mir Space Station
The
Russian Mir Space Station, which came down in 2001
at last after 15 years
of pioneering
the concept of long-term human space flight, is
remembered for its
accomplishments in
the human space flight history. It can be credited
with many firsts
in space.
During Mir’s
lifetime, Russia spent about US $$4.2
b
illion to build and maintain
the station.
The Soviet Union launched
Mir, which was designed to last from three to five
years, on February 20, 1986, and housed
104 astronauts over 12 years and seven
months, most of whom were not Russian.
In fact, it became the first international
space station by playing host to 62
people from 11 countries. From 1995 through
1998, seven astronauts from the United
States took turns living on Mir for up to six
months each. They were among the 37
Americans who visited the station during nine
stopovers by space shuttles.
The
more than 400 million the United States provided
Russian for the visits not
only kept
Mir operating, but also gave the Americans and
their partners in the
international
station project valuable experience in long-term
flight and multinational
operations.
A
debate continues over Mir’s contributions to
science. During its existence, Mir
was
the laboratory for 23,000 experiments and carried
scientific equipment, estimated
to be
worth $$80 million, from many nations. Experiments
on Mir are credited with a
range of
findings, from the first solid measurement of the
ration of heavy helium
atoms in space
to how to grow wheat in space. But for those
favouring human space
exploration, Mir
showed that people could live and work in space
long enough for a
trip to Mars. The
longest single stay in space is the 437.7 days
that Russian astronaut
Valery Polyakov
spent on Mir from 1994 to 1995. And Sergie Avdeyev
accumulated
747.6 days in space in
three trips to the space station. The longest
American stay was
that of Shannon
Lucid, who spent 188 days aboard Mir in 1996.
Despite the many firsts Mir
accomplished, 1997 was a bad year out of 15 for
Mir.
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