1995年考研英语阅读理解真题

1995

Reading Comprehension

Directions:

Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question

there are four answers marked

［

A

］，［

］，［

C

］

［

D

］

.Read the passages

carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your

answer on ANSWER SHEET

Ⅰ

by blackening the corresponding letter in the

brackets with a pencil.(40 points)

Passage1

Money spent on advertising is money spent as well as any I know of. It serves

directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable prices,thereby

establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export

at competitive prices. By drawing attention to new ideas it helps enormously to

raise standards of living. By helping to increase demand it ensures an

increased need for labour,and is therefore an effective way to fight

unemployment. It lowers the costs of many services:without advertisements your

daily newspaper would cost four times as much,the price of your television

license would need to be doubled,and travel by bus or tube would cost 20

percent more.

And perhaps most important of all,advertising provides a guarantee of

reasonable value in the products and services you buy. Apart from the fact that

twenty

?

seven Acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising,no regular

advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his

advertisements. He might fool some people for a little while through misleading

advertising. He will not do so for long,for mercifully the public has the good

sense not to buy the inferior article more than once. If you see an article

consistently advertised,it is the surest proof I know that the article does

what is claimed for it,and that it represents good value. Advertising does more

for the material benefit of the community than any other force I can think of.

There is one more point I feel I ought to touch on. Recently I heard a well

?

known television personality declare that he was against advertising because it

persuades rather than informs. He was drawing excessively fine distinctions. Of

course advertising seeks to persuade.

If its message were confined merely to information

—

and that in itself would be

difficult if not impossible to achieve,for even a detail such as the choice of

the colour of a shirt is subtly persuasive

—

advertising would be so boring that

no one would pay any attention. But perhaps that is what the well

?

known

television personality wants.

51

、

By the first sentence of the passage the author means that [].

［

A

］

he is fairly familiar with the cost of advertising < /p>

［

B

］

ever ybody knows well that advertising is money consuming

［

C

］

advertising costs money like everything else

［

D

］

it is worthwhile to spend money on advertising

52

、

In the passage,which of the following is NOT included in the advantages of

advertising?

< br>［

A

］

Securing greater fame.

［

B

］

Providing more jobs.

［

C

］

Enhancing living standards.

［

D

］

Reducing newspaper cost.

53

、

The author deems that the well

?

known TV personality is [].

［

A

］

very precise in passing his judgment on advertising

［

B< /p>

］

interested in nothing but the buyers

?

attention

C

］

correct in telling the difference between persuasion and information

［

D

］< /p>

obviously partial in his views on advertising

54

、

In the author's opinion,[].

［

A

advertising can seldom bring material benefit to man by providing

information

［

B

］

advertising informs people of new ideas rather than wins them over

［

C

］

there is nothing wrong with advertising in persuading the buyer

［

D

］

the buyer is not interested in getting information from an advertisement

Passage2

There are two basic ways to see growth:one as a product,the other as a

have generally viewed personal growth as an external result or

product that can easily be identified and measured. The worker who gets a

promotion,the student whose grades improve,the foreigner who learns a new

language

—

these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for

their efforts.

By contrast,the process of personal growth is much more difficult to

determine,since by definition it is a journey and not the specific signposts or

landmarks along the way. The process is not the road itself,but rather the

attitudes and feelings people have,their caution or courage,as they encounter

new experiences and unexpected this process,the journey never

really ends;there are always new ways to experience the world,new ideas to

try,new challenges to accept.

In order to grow,to travel new roads,people need to have a willingness to take

risks,to confront the unknown,and to accept the possibility they may

“

fail

”

at first. How we see ourselves as we try a new way of being is essential to our

ability to grow. Do we perceive ourselves as quick and curious? If so,then we

tend to take more chances and to be more open to unfamiliar experiences. Do we

think we

?

re shy and indecisive? Then our sense of timidity can cause us to

hesitate,to move slowly,and not to take a step until we know the ground is safe.

Do we think we

?

re slow to adapt to change or that we

?

re not smart enough to

cope with a new challenge? Then we are likely to take a more passive role or

not try at all.

These feelings of insecurity and self

?

doubt are both unavoidable and

necessary if we are to change and grow. If we do not confront and overcome

these internal fears and doubts,if we protect ourselves too much,then we cease

to grow. We become trapped inside a shell of our own making.

55

、

A person is generally believed to achieve personal growth when [].

［

A

］

he has given up his smoking habit

［

B

］

he has made great efforts in his work

［

C

］

he is keen on learning anything new

［

D

］

he has tried to determine where he is on his journey

56

、

In the author's eyes,one who views personal growth as a process would [].

［

A

< br>］

succeed in climbing up the social ladder

［

B

］

judge his ability to grow from his own achievements

［

C

］

face difficulties and take up challenges

［

D

］

aim high and reach his goal each time

57

、

When the author says

“

a new way of being

”

(line 2, para. 3),he is

referring to [].

［

A

］

a new approach to experiencing the world

［

B

］

a new way of taking risks

［

C

］

a new method of perceiving ourselves

［

D

］

a new system of adapting to change

58

、

For personal growth,the author advocates all of the following except [].

［

A

］

curiosity about more chances

［< /p>

B

］

promptness in self

?

adaptation

［

C

］

open

?

mindedness to new experiences

［

D

］

avoidance of internal fears and doubts

Passage3

In such a changing,complex society formerly simple solutions to informational

needs become complicated. Many of life

?

s problems which were solved by asking

family members,friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended

family to resolve. Where to turn for expert information and how to determine

which expert advice to accept are questions facing many people today.

In addition to this,there is the growing mobility of people since World War

Ⅱ

.

As families move away from their stable community,their friends of many