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一些意义相近的单词比较
affect / effect
/ influence
p>
affect
只能作及物动词,以被影响的事物作宾语,意指“影响
;使产生变化”
,也可引申
为“感动,感染”
< br>。例如:
Alcohol affects
drivers
’
concentration.
酒精能影响司机的注意力。
I
was too much affected to answer.
我被感动得答不出来。
The
poet
’
s passion affected all
his readers.
诗人的激情感染了每一位读者。
effect
主要用作名词,特指
affect
(
have an influence on
)的“结果或效果”
。作动词时,
意指“实现,导致,产生”
。例如:
The effect of the changes was that many
employees lost their jobs.
这些变化结果使许多雇员失了业。
Punishment does not seem to have much
effect on him.
惩罚似乎对他没有对多大效果。
The new
principle effected changes in the rules of the
school.
新校长修改了校规。
The recent
development of events effected a change in my
opinion.
最近事态的发展导致了我的看法的变化。
influence
表示“影响”时,着重对人或物起某种作
用,使思想、行为、性质和成长等
发生变化。它既可指正面影响,也可指负面影响,常含
潜移默化之意味。例如:
At an early age the youth
will develop his personality traits, and the kind
of home life he has
will greatly
influence the development.
青年人的个性从小的时候就逐步形成,而他的家庭生活对其个
性的养成是很有影响的。
It
’
s
clear that her painting has been influenced by
Picasso.
她的画显然受了毕加索的影响。
The weather
influences the crops.
天气影响农作物。
arise / rise / raise
arise
和
rise
均作不及物动词,指人或物“起身,起立”时,可
互换使用,不过
rise
较常
用,
p>
arise
较正式。例如:
He
rose to welcome me.
他起身欢迎我。
ari
se
表示“开始;出现;发生”时,大多以抽象名词作主语。例如:
A new difficulty has arisen.
出现了新困难。
rise
一般表示“上升”
,抽象、具体名词均可作其主语。例如:
Prices keep rising.
物价不断上涨。
My hope is
rising.
我的希望越来越大。
What time does
the sun rise?
太阳什么时候升起?
raise
是及物动词,意指“举起,抬起,提高”
。例如:
Raise your hands
,
please.
请把你们的手举起来。
The bus company
decided to raise the bus fare by one yuan.
公共汽车公司决定把车费提高壹元。
persist /
insist / stick
persist
多用于“坚持某种具体行为”
< br>,有时含贬义,用来指固执己见。后接
in+
名词或
p>
v-ing
形式。例如:
He
persists in his bad habit.
他恶习不改。
If
you persist in misbehaving,
you
’
ll be punished.
如果你坚持胡作非为,就将受到惩罚。
ins
ist
多用于“坚持某种意见、主张”
,后接
< br>on+v-ing
形式、名词或从句。例如:
I
always insist on wholemeal bread.
我一贯主张要吃全麦面包。
Mary insisted
on my staying there for supper.
玛丽坚持要留我在那儿吃晚饭。
He insisted
that you (should) do it immediately.
他坚决主张你立即做这件事。
insist
作“力言,极力表白”解释时,从句谓语动词该用何时态就用何时态。例如:
She
insisted that she was innocent.
她坚持说自己是清白的。
stick
通常指“坚持(立场、观点、原则、方法或规定)
”
,后接<
/p>
to+
名词。例如:
Sticking to this principle, he has
written many more songs.
他坚持这个原则,写出了更多歌曲。
depart / part
depart
是不及物动词,意指“
离开(某地)
;
(火车等)开出”
,亦
可喻指“背离,违反”
等。例如:
They departed
for America.
他们起程去美国。
The
10
:
15 to Leeds departs from
Platform 4.
p>
10
点
15
分开往
利兹的火车在第
4
站台上车。
The
measure departed from his resolution.
这措施违背了他的决定。
part
意指“
(同某人)分手”
、
“分开”<
/p>
。例如:
He parted with his wife
last year.
去年他和妻子分手了。
They parted
from each other at the school gate.
他们在校门口告别了。
He parted the
fighting dogs.
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