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国
际
贸
易
< br>实
务
英
文
版
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考
答
案
标准化管理处编码
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C
h
a
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1
，
Pleaserefertothe1stparagraphofthetext.
II.
流动性过剩自给自足经济资源直接投资国际收支易货
交易出口退税倾销
出口型经济增长东道国贸易差额
贸易顺差／贸易逆差欧盟
国际收支顺
差／国际收支逆差有形贸易无形贸易货物贸易服务贸易
excessliquidityself-
sufficient
economicresources
directinvestmentbalanceofpaymentsbarter
exporttaxrebatedumping
export-driveneconomicgrowthhostcountryb
alanceoftrade
favorable/unfa
vorablebalanceoftradeEuropeanUnion
favorable/unfavorablebalanceofpaymentsvisib
letradeinvisibletradetradeingoodstr
adei
nservices
III
sfromChina,stoChinaandthetradebalance
.gativetradebalancewithChina,theperiodf< p>
rom1997to2003,importsfromChinahavegrown244%w hileexportstoChinahavegrown221%,in
adalr
eadybeenasizeabletradebalan
cedeficitwit
hChinain1996,totaling$$
goods
aretangiblegoodssentoutofcountries.
nservicesareinternationalearningsotherthan
thosederivedfromtheexporting
andimportin
goftangiblegoods.
goodsareta
ngiblegoodsbroughtin.
ationa
ltradeisallbusinesstransactionsthatinvolvetwoormor
ecountries.5.F
DIisonethatgivestheinvest
oracontrollinginterestinaforeigncompany.
mentisusedprimarilyasfinancialmeansfo
racompanytoearnmoremoneyonitsmone
ywithr
elativesafety.V
ationaltrade
isthefairanddeliberateexchangeofgoodsand/orservice
sacrossn
ernstradeoperationsofbothimport
andexportandincludesthe
purchaseandsaleo
fbothvisibleandinvisiblegoods.
< br>y'scomplexeconomicworld,neitherindividualsnorna tionsareself-
eecon
omicreason
s,nonationhasalloftheeconomicresources(land,labora
ndcapital)thatitne
edstodevelopitseconom
yandculture,andnocountryenjoysaparticularitemsuffi
cienten
hepreferencereasons,internationa
ltradetakesplacebecau
s,everynationcansp
ecializeinacertainfieldandenjoya
compara
tiveadvantageinsomeparticularareaintermsoftradesot
hattheyneedtodobusine
sswitheachothertom
akeuseofresourcesmoreefficientlyandeffectively.
uringtheeffectivenessofglobalt
rade,nationscarefullyfollowtwokeyindicat
ors,namely,balanceoftradeandbalanceofpayments.
,theabbreviationformForeignDir
ectInvestment,meansbuyingofpermanentpropert
rswhenacquisitionofequityinterestinaforeign
atsignificanceofFDIforChinamightbethat:FDI
solvetheproblem
ofcapitalshortageforChin
asothatChinamayspendthemoneyonimportingadvancedequ
ipme
ntandtechnologiesforitsinfrastructu
re,nationalsupportingindustry,keyprojects,e
tc.
Chapter2I
关税壁垒非关税壁垒从量税配额
保护
性关税市场失灵幼稚产业许可证制度财政关税政府采购贸易保护主义从价税最低限价
本地
采购规则增加内需
DomesticcontentRed-
tapebarriersExportsubsidiesBindingquotaAbsolutequo
tasVER
Tariff-
ratequotasZeroquota
protectivetariff
marketfailureinfantindustrylicensingsystemRevenuet
ariff
governmentprocurementt
radeprotectionismAdValoremDutiesfloorprice
< br>
raisedomesti
cdemand
国内含量进口环节壁垒出口补贴绑定配额绝对配额自愿出口限制关
税配额零配额
本地采购原则
II
tionismmeansth
edeliberateuseorencouragementofrestrictionsonimpor
tstoen
ablerelativelyinefficientdomestic
producerstocompetesuccessfullywithforeignprod
ucers.
保护主义是指蓄意使用或鼓励进口限制，以此使本国相对效率
低的产品能成功地和
外国产品竞争。
.
ussiansreleasetheirstocksoffinintothewo
rldmarket,thepriceofthemetalwil
lsinkthr
oughthefloor.
一旦俄罗斯人将其持有的锡矿股
票投放于国际市场之中，那么该市场中金属的价格会跌破
最低限价。
tivetariffmeansadutyortaximposedonim
portedproductsforthepurposeofmakin
gthem
moreexpensiveincomparisontodomesticproducers,there
bygivingthedomesticprod
uctsapriceadvant
age.
保护性关税表示对进口产品征收的关税，旨在让它们
相比起本国商品更贵，从向使得本国
商品具有价格优势。
ftariffsincludeadvalorem,specific,variabl
e,nited?Stat
es,sraisethepricesofimpo
rtedgoods,th
terseven
edheavilyontariffreductions,tariffsarelessimportan
tmeasuresofprotectionthanthe
yusedtobe.<
/p>
关税的种类包括从价税，从量税，可变税与复合税。在美国，只
对进口商品征税。关税抬
高了进口货物的价格，从而使得它们在进口国商品市场竞争优势
下降。继关税及贸易总协
定七个回合主要关于降低税价的贸易协定之后，税收所起的保护
作用日趋下降。
III
isadut
ycollectedbycustomsofagovernmentonimportsand/orexp
orts.
uetariffcanbesomeofthe
incomesofagovernment,butitmustbetakenundercontro
l.
rtgoodsatanunrea
sonablylowpriceistakenasdumpingwhichmightbefoughta
gain
stbygovernmentoftheimportingcountry
.
fmaybeassessedonaperunitba
sis,
somaybeassessedasapercentageoftheva
lueoftheitem,inwhichcaseitisknownasanadvalo
remduty.
tariffsprimaril
yserveasameansofraisingthepriceoftheimportgoodssot
hatco
mpetitivelyproduceddomesticgoodswi
llgainarelativepriceadvantage.
Chapter3I
APECAsia-pacificEconomicCo-
operation
FTAAPFreeTradeAgre
ementofAsiaandthePacificEUEuropeanUnion
NAFTANorthAmericanFreeTradeAgreement
MERCOSURMercadoComunDelConoSur
/SouthernCommonMarketASEANAssociationofSoutheast
AsianNationsEFTAEuropeanFreeTradeArea
AFTAASEANFreeTradeAreaPTAsPrefe
rentialTradeagreements
II
Tradebloc
贸易集团
Tradeblock
贸易禁运
/
封锁
Openregionalism
开放式区域主义
Freetradearea
自
由贸易区
Customsunion
关税联盟
< br>Commonmarket
共同市场
Economicu
nion
经济联盟
Tradeembargoes
贸易禁运
Boycotts
抵
制
歧视性关税
discrimin
atorytariffs
经济制裁
economicsanc
tion
贸易弹性
tradeelasticity
双边贸易协定
bilateraltradea
greement
最惠国
mostfavorednation
Chapter4
neralAgreementonTariffsandTradeHODHeadsofDeleg
ations
TRIPsTrade-
relatedAspectsofIntellectualPropertyRightsGATSGen
eralAgreementonTradeinService
sTRIMsTrad
eRelatedInvestmentMeasuresMFNMostFavoredNations
II.
施惠国
Pa
tronagenations
受惠国
Favorednati
ons
缔约国
ContractingParties
市场准
入
marketaccess
透明度
transparency
紧急进口措施
UrgentImportingMeasures
争端解决机制
disputesettlementmechanism<
/p>
可
持续发展
sustainablede
velopment
特许经营
franchise
III.
owWTOhasalreadyha
d150membersanditstradevolumecovers90%ofthetotaltra
dev
olumeinthewholeworld.
tofWTOistheMinisterialConferencewhichhasto
meetatleastonceeverytwoyears
.UndertheMi
nisterialConferenceistheGeneralCouncilthathastomee
tatGenevaregularl
y.
< br>Secretariat,whichofficesonlyinGeneva,Swizerland ,hasaround550regularstu
ffandisheadedbya
Director-
ecisionsaremadebyMembersonly,t
heSecretariathasnodecision-
makingpowers
astheotherinternationalinstitutions.
retariatprovidessomeformoflegalassistance
inthedisputesettlementprocess
andadvises
governmentswishingtobecomeMembersoftheWTO.
< br>
Chapter5I
FOB
班轮条件清关
FOB
吊钩下交货平舱多式联运船舷内陆水运理舱卸货费投保
< br>
CFR
卸至岸上
(
含着陆费
)
班轮单据买卖
CFR
舱底交货
CFR
班轮条件象征性交货
FOBlinertermcu
stomsclearanceFOBUnderTackletrim
multimodaltransportshipboard
marinenavigationoninlandwaterwaystow
dischargeexpensecoverinsurance
CFRLandedliner
documentarysalesCFREx-
ship'sHoldCFRlinertermssymbolicdelivery
II
FR,buyersshoul
deffectinsurance.
IFEx-Ship'
sHold,sellershouldpaythedischargecharges.
IF,theinsuredamountshouldbeUS$$22000i
fthecontractedpriceisUS$$
derCIP,sellerha
stoprocureinsuranceagainstthebuyer'sriskoflossofor
damagetothego
odsduringthecarriage.
termrequiresthesellertocleartheg
oodsforexport
termrequiresth
ebuyertoproceedwiththecustomsclearanceforimportsan
dpayme
ntofallcustomsduty.
DP,thesellermustpaythecostsofcustomsdutie
saswellasallduties,taxesandot
herofficia
lchargespayableuponexportationandimportationoftheg
oods.
DUthesellermustgivethe
buyerinstantnoticeoftheshippingofthegoodsaswella
1.
该报价为<
/p>
FOB
的价格并含
5
％的佣金。
2.
在
CPT
、
CIP
项下，“承运人”指在货物运输
合同中承诺通过铁路、公路、航空、海运、内河水运或多式运输等方式完成货物运输的
人。
3.
在
FCA
项下，交货地的选择对货物的装船与卸载责任有影响。如果交货地
基于卖方，卖
方有装载责任。如果交货地在其它地方，卖方对卸载没有责任。
4.
在
FOB
项下，卖方必须在约定的日期或期限内，在指定的装运港，按照该港习惯方式，
将货物交
至买方指定的船只上。买方必须自货物在指定的装运港越过船舷之刻起承当货物
灭失或损
坏的一切风险。
Questions
│
Y
│
Y
│
Y
│
Y
│
Y
│
Y
│
Y
│
Y
< br>│
Y
│
Y
│
Y
││
N
│
Y
│
Y
│<
/p>
Y
│
Y
│
Y
│
Y
│
Y
│
Y
│
Y
│
Y
││
< br>N
│
N
│
N
│
N
│
N
│
Y
│
N
│
Y
│
N
│
N
│
N
││
N
│
N
│
N
│
N
│
Y
│
Y
│
Y
│
Y
│<
/p>
Y
│
Y
│
Y
││
N
│
Y
│
Y
│
Y
│
Y
│
< br>Y
│
Y
│
Y
│
Y
│
Y
│
Y
││
N<
/p>
│
N
│
N
│
N
│
Y
│
Y
│
Y
│
Y
│
Y
│
Y
│
Y
│
V
.c
;2.d;3.a;4.c;5.c;6.c;7.d;8.b;9.d;B.1.a;;;;
< br>
Chapter6
I
ySeller's/Buyer
'nce/yTolerance4.
CounterSample
lPacking7,CustomsFormality
gofGoods
< br>凭卖方样品买卖／凭买方样品买卖基准样品／副样品质公差对等样品
溢短装条款中
性包装报关手续质量检验证书食品及药物管理局标记货物
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