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一．好的论文题目是成功的一半
好的论文，每
一个部分都需要精雕细琢。我们先来看看
Science, Nature
子刊上用的都是
些什么题目，
到底这些题目暗含哪
些玄机？以下是从
2016
年发表的论文中随机挑选的一些
题目，我将其做了一下简单的分类：
1. Water
splitting
–
biosynthetic
system with CO
2
?reduction
efficiencies?
exceeding?
photosynthesis. (Science, 2016, 352,
1210)
类似
: Scalable water splitting
on particulate photocatalyst sheets with a
solar-to-hydrogen energy conversion eff
iciency?
exceeding
?1%?(Nature
Materials
2016,15,611-615)
<
/p>
这种题目适合哪类文章？适合于那种性能极其显着的文章（可以创纪录的文章），比如说<
/p>
Nocera et al.
的
?Science, 2016, 352, 1210
，直接与光合作用进行对比，给人的震撼是
非常强的。这种对比效果
能够一下子抓住人们的眼球，吸引着读者进行阅读。
要点：<
/p>
使用这样的题目首先你的实验结果得够牛，你对于实验结果要足够自信，对于背景
知识的了解得要足够深。因为取这样的题目意味着你要真正达到了某一个高度。如果明明
有很多大海在那里，你个小池塘和小水坑进行比较，那么会闹笑话的。。。
2.1
Quantifying?
the promotion of Cu
catalysts by ZnO for methanol synthesis
(?Science,2016, 352,
969-974.)
2.2?Exploring?
the origin of
high optical absorption in conjugated polymers.
(Nature Materials 2016,?
DOI:
?
10.1038/nmat4645
?
)
2.3
Promoting?
solution phase discharge in
Li
–
O2 batteries containing
weakly
solvatingelectrolyte?solutions
(Nature Materials 2016, DOI:
10.1038/nmat4629)
2.4
Reconstructing?
solute-induced phase
transformations within individual
nanocrystals (NatureMaterials 2016,?
doi:10.1038/nmat4620
)
2.5 Tailoring
?the nature
and strength of
electron
–
phonon interactions
in the
SrTiO3(001) 2D electron?liquid
(Nature Material, 2016,
doi:10.1038/nmat4623)
我简单地检索了下
Nature Materials
上面的文章题目，发现这种类型的题目真的非常多。
那么为什么大家非常
青睐这种形式呢？这种形式到底有什么好处？
我个人也很喜欢
这种样子的题目，当然一定要跟论文的实际情况吻合哈，不要强凑。这种
动名词形式的结
构最大的优点是
主观能动性很强
。
给人
的一种感觉是：
你在设计整个实验，
而不是碰巧发现了某个现象
。
科研需要偶然现象，但是理性地科学研究追求一切能够有据
可
循，能够主动地把握而不是被动接受奇迹的降临。
3.1?
Surface
functionalization?
of two-dimensional
metal chalcogenides?
by Lewis
acid
–
base
chemistry
（
Nature
Nanotechnology2016, 11,465
–
4
71
）
3.2?Proton
transfer dynamics
control
?the
mechanism?of O2?reduction?
by a
non-precious metal?electrocatalyst
?(
Nature
Materials,201
6,?
doi:10.1038/nmat4636
)
3.3
Femtosecond?
control
of
?electric
currents
?in
?metallic
ferromagnetic
heterostructures
（
Nature Nanotechnology 2016, 11,455
–
458
）
3.4?
Improved
air
stability
of
perovskite
solar
cells
via
solution-processed
metal
oxide transport layers (Nature
Nanotechnology,
2016,11,75
–
81)
这种类型的题目非常的好懂，重点非常突出，给人一种开门见山的感觉，在很多论文中非
常恰当。
以
3.
1
为例，
两个重点非常明确：
1.
实现的目标是什么？
Surface
functionalization
of
?
2.
实现的方法是什么？
Lewis acid-base
chemistry.
4.1
In situ?hydrodynamic spectroscopy
?for
structure characterization of porous
energy storage?electrodes (Nature
Materials,2016,
15,570
–
575)
4.2?Kinetics of the self-assembly of
nanocrystal superlattices measured
by?
real-time?in
situ?X-ray?scattering
?(Nature
Materials, 2016,
doi:10.1038/nmat4600)
4.3
In
situ?mapping
?of
the
energy
flow
through
the
entire
photosynthetic
apparatus
(Nature
Nanotechnology, 2016,?
doi:10.1038/nchem
.2525
)
4.4
Optimized
quantum
sensing
with
a
single
electronspin
using?
real-time
adaptive
measurements?
(Nature
Nanotechnology,
2016,11,247
–
252)
有些文章，
一幅图就值了一篇
Scie
nce
。
有些表征手段或者研究方法生来就是让人膜拜的，
特别是一些原位的表征手段，
能够直观地告诉人们以前得不到的一些
信息。
在这种情况下，
用它来做个题目一点都不过分吧。
最后对以上几类标题的共性做一下简单的总结：
1) ?
好的论文题目往往都能够紧贴文章内
容，并将其核心亮点突显出来
;
2)
标题中的字真的是一字千金，废
话不要有，一定要简洁
明了；
3)
用
词要准确，
尽量采用中性词，
不要带主观色彩，
不要扣大帽子引起审稿人反感，
但是又要合适地体现亮点，好的论文题目要学会
不卑不亢。
二．
正文中各种常用句型汇总
一、
在
In
troduction
里面经常会使用到的一个句子：
很多文献
已经讨论过了。。。
它的
可能的说法有很多很多，这里列举几种
我很久以前搜集的：
A.??Solar energy
conversion by photoelectrochemical
cells?
has been intensively
investigated.
?(Nature 1991,
353, 737 - 740?)
B.
?This was demonstrated in
a number of studies that
showed that
composite
plasmonic-metal/semiconductor
photocatalysts
achieved
significantly
higher
rates
in various
photocatalytic reactions compared with their pure
semiconductor
counterparts.
C.?
Several excellent reviews
describing
?these applications are
available, and we
do not discuss these
topics
D.
?Much
work
so
far
has
focused
on?
wide
band
gap
semiconductors
for
water
splitting
for the sake of
chemical stability.
（
DOI:10.1
038/NMAT3151
）
E.?
Recent developments
of
Lewis acids and water-soluble
organometallic
catalysts
?have attracted
much attention.
（
Chem. Rev.
2002, 102, 3641?3666
）
F.?
An
interesting
approach
?in
the
use
of
zeolite
as
a
water-
tolerant
solid
acid?
was
described by?
Ogawa et
al
（
. 2002, 102,
3641?3666
）
G.?
Considerable research
efforts have been devoted to
the direct
transition
metal-catalyzed conversion
of aryl halides toaryl nitriles. (J. Org. Chem.
2000,
65, 7984-7989)
H.?
There are many excellent
reviews in the literature dealing with the basic
concepts
of?
the
photocatalytic
processand
the
reader
is
referred
in
particular
to
those by Hoffmann and coworkers,Mills
and coworkers, and Kamat.(Metal oxide
catalysis,19,P755)
I. Nishimiya and
Tsutsumi?
have reported on
（
proposed
）
the
influence of the Si/Al
ratio
of
various
zeolites
on
the
acid
strength,
which
were
estimated
by
calorimetry
using ammonia.
(. 2002, 102, 3641?3666)
二、在
results and discussion
中经常会用到的：
如图所示
A.
GIXRD
patterns
in?
Figure
1A
show
?the
bulk
structural
information
on
as-deposited
films.?
B.?
As
shown
in
Figure
7B,
?the
steady-
state
current
density
decreases
after
cycling
between 0.35 and 0.7
V, which is probably due to the dissolution of
FeOx.?
C.?
As can be seen
from?
parts a and b of Figure 7, the
reaction cycles start with
the
thermodynamically most favorable VOx
structures
（
J. Phys. Chem. C
2014, 118,
24950?24958
）
这与
XX
能够相互印证：
A.?
This is supported
by?
the appearance in the Ni-doped
compounds of an
ultraviolet
–
visible absorption band at
420
–
520nm (see Fig. 3
inset),
corresponding to an energy
range of about 2.9 to 2.3 eV.
B.
?This?
is
consistent
with
the
observation
f
rom?
SEM
–
EDS.
(
et
al.
/
Chemical
Physics Letters 332 (2000)
271
–
277)
C.?
This
indicates
a
good
agreement
between
?the
observed
and
calculated
intensities
in monoclinic with space groupP2/c when
the O atoms are included in the model.
D.
The
results?
are
in
good
consistent
with
?the
observed
photocatalytic
activity...
E
. Identical conclusions
were obtained in studies?
where the SPR
intensity and
wavelength were modulated
by manipulating the composition, shape,or size of
plasmonic nanostructures.?
F.?It was also found that areas of
persistent divergent surface
flow?
coincide?with
?regions
where
convection
appears
to
be
consistently
suppressed
even when SSTs are above
27.5
°
C.
三
.
值得注意的是
...
A.?
It
must
also
be
mentioned
that?
the
recycling
of
aqueous
organic
solvent
is
less
desirable than that of pure organic
liquid.
B.?
Another
interesting
finding
is
that?
zeolites
with
10-membered
ring
pores
showed
high selectivities (>99%) to
cyclohexanol, whereas those with 12-membered ring
pores,
such
as
mordenite,
produced
large
amounts
of
dicyclohexyl
ether.
(Chem.
Rev.
2002,
102, 3641?3666)
C.
?It should be pointed out
that?
the nanometer-scale distribution
of
electrocatalyst
centers
on
the electrode surface
is
also a
predominant factor
for
high ORR
electrocatalytic activity.
D.?
Notably,
?the
Ru II and Rh I complexes possessing the same BINAP
chirality form
antipodal amino acids as
the predominant products.?(Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.,
2002,
41:
2008
–
2022)
E. Given the multitude of various
transformations published,
?it is
noteworthy
that?
only very
few distinct?activation?methods have been
identified.?(
Chem. Soc.
Rev.
,
2009,?
38
,
2178-2189)
F.
It
is important to highlight that
?these
two directing effects will lead to
different enantiomers of the products
even if both the
“
H-bond-
catalyst
”
and
the?catalyst?acting by steric shielding
have the same absolute stereochemistry.
(
Chem. Soc.
Rev.
,2009,?38, 2178-2189)
G.
It
is
worthwhile
mentioning
that?
these
PPNDs
can
be
very
stable
for
several
months
without
the
observations
of
any
floating
or
precipitated
dots,
which
is
attributed
to the
electrostatic repulsions between the positively
charge PPNDs resulting in
electrosteric
stabilization.(Adv. Mater., 2012, 24:
2037
–
2041)
四
.?...
仍然是个挑战
A.?
There is thereby an
urgent need but it is still a significant
challenge
to
?rationally
design and delicately tail or the electroactive
MTMOs for advanced
LIBs, ECs, MOBs, and
FCs.?
（
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.2
014, 53, 1488
–
1504
）
B.?However,
systems that are?sufficiently stable and efficient
for practical
use?
have not
yet been realized.
C.??
It?remains?challenging?to
?develop
highly active HER catalysts based on
materials that are more abundant at
lower costs. (
J. Am. Chem.
Soc.
,?2011,?133,
?7296
–
7299)
D.?
One of
the?great?challenges
?in the twenty-
first
century?
is
?unquestionably
energy storage. (Nature Materials?2005,
4, 366 - 377?)
五
.
众所周知
A.?
It is well established
(accepted) / It is known to all / It is commonly
known?that
?many
characteristics of functional materials, such as
composition,
crystalline phase,
structural and morphological features, and the
sur-/interface
properties between the
electrode and electrolyte, would greatly influence
the
performance of these unique MTMOs
in electrochemical energy storage/conversion
applications.
（
Angew.
Chem. Int. Ed.2014,53, 1488
–
1504
）
B.?
It is generally accepted
(believed) that?
for a-Fe2O3-based
sensors the change
in resistance is
mainly caused by the adsorption and desorption of
gases on the
surface of the sensor
structure. (Adv. Mater. 2005, 17, 582)
C.?
As
we
all
know,?
soybean
abounds
with
carbon,?nitrogen?and
oxygen
elements
owing
to
the existence of sugar,?proteins?and?lipids.
(
Chem. Commun.
,
2012,?
48
,
9367-9369)
D.?
There is no denying
that
?their presence may mediate spin
moments to align
parallel without
acting alone to show d0-FM.
(
Nanoscale
,
2013,?
5
,
3918-3930)
六
.
正如下文将提到的
...
A.?
As
will
be
described
below
（也可以是
As
we
shall
see
below
）
,
?as
the
Si/Al
ratio
increases, the surface of the zeolite
becomes more hydrophobic and possesses
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