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持续动词与瞬间动词
英语的行为动词有持续性动词和瞬间性动词之分,使用中应注
意两者的区别。
一、持续性动词
study,
play, do, read, learn, drive, write, clean, slean,
sleep, speak, talk, wait, fly, stay, write, sit,
stand, lie,
keep
等。
二、瞬间性动词
begin,
start,
finish,
go,
come,
leave,
find,
get
up,
arrive,
reach,
get
to,
enter,
hear,
stop,
open,
close, become, buy, borrow, lend,
happen, join, lose, renew, die, take away, put up,
set out, put
on, get
on/off
等。
以上已集中了初中教材的大部分持续性动词及瞬间性动词。
三、用法
1
、以上两类动词都能用于现在完成时,表示动作到现在为止已
结束,例如:
He has studied English for three years.
(他学英语已有
3
年了。
)
He has joined the
Party.
(他已入党了。
)
Mum isn't at
home. She has gone to the library.
(妈妈不在
家,她去图书馆了。
)
2
、
持续性动词在完成时中能与表示持续一段时间的状语连用,
而瞬间性动词则不能。
例如:
His parents
talked with the teacher for half an hour.
(他父母跟老师谈了半个小时。
)
My mother has
lain in bed for 3 days.
(我母亲生病卧床已经三天了。
p>
)
My parents have lived in Shanghai since
1950.
(我父母从
1950
年起就
住在上海了。
)
3
< br>、瞬间性动词在完成时中如要与表示持续一段时间的状语连用,通常有两种方法:
(
1
)用意思相当的持续性动词来替换
,例如:
He has been in the army/a soldier for
three years.
(
他参军已有
3
年了。
)
不能用
< br>has joined
She has been up for quite some time.
(她起床已有好久了。
)不能用
has
got up
Has your
brother been away from home for a long time?
(你哥哥离家已有好久了吗?)
不
能用
has left
初中课本中的常用瞬间动词相应持续性动词关系如下:
1
、
go--be away
2
、
come--be here
3
、
come back--be
back
4
、
leave-be
away
(
be not
here
)
5
、
buy
--have
6
、
borrow--keep
7
、
die--be dead
8
、
begin--be on
9
、
finish--be over
10
、
open--be open
11
、
close--be
closed
12
、
lose--be lost
13
、
get to know--
know
14
、
turn on--be on
15
、
get up--be up
16
、
sit down--
sit/be seated
17
、
join--be in
(
...
)或
be
a...member
18
、
become--be
(
2
)用
it
is...since...
结构来替换瞬间动词,例如:
电影已经开映
5
分钟了。
(两种方法)
The film has
been on for five minutes.
It's five minutes since the film began.
他离开上海已有
< br>3
天了。
(两种方法)
He has been
away from Shanghai for three days.
It is three days since he
left Shanghai.
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这本书我还给图书馆已有两周了。
(一种方法)
It's two
weeks since I returned the book to the library.
他找到他妹妹已有多久了?(一种方法)
How long is it since be found his
sister?
4
、瞬间动词的否定形式可以与表示一段时间
的状语连用,例如:
I haven't seen you for a long
time.
(好久没见到你了。
)
Exercises
一、根据所给的词组,把瞬间动词转换为延续性动词
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