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话题七
:
生态环保类
(
一
The need to feed a growing population
is putting much pressure on the world's
supply of water. With 97% of the
world's water too salty to be drunk or used in
agriculture, the worldwide supply of
water needs careful management, especially in
agriculture. Although the idea of a
water shortage(
短缺
seems
strange to someone
fortunate enough to
live in a high rainfall country, many of the
world's agricultural
industries
experience constant water shortages.
Although dams can be built to store
water for agricultural use in dry areas and dry
seasons, the costs of water
redistribution(
重新分配
are very
high. Not only is there the
cost of the
engineering itself, but there is also an
environmental cost to be considered.
Where valleys(
山谷
are flooded to create dams, houses are lost and
wildlife homes
destroyed. Besides,
water may flow easily through pipes to fields, but
it cannot be
transported from one side
of the world to the other. Each country must
therefore rely on
the management of its
own water to supply its farming requirements. This
is particularly
troubling for countries
with agricultural industries in areas dependent on
irrigation (
灌溉
.
In Texas, farmers' overuse of
irrigation water has resulted in a 25% reduction
of the water
stores. In the Central
Valley area of southwestern USA, a huge water
engineering project
provided water for
farming in dry valleys, but much of the water use
has been poorly
managed.
Saudi Arabia's attempts to grow wheat
in desert areas have seen the pumping of
huge quantities of irrigation water
from underground reserves. Because there is no
rainfall in these areas, such reserves
can only decrease, and it is believed that fifty
years
of pumping will see them run dry.
1. From the first two paragraphs we
learn that________.
A. much of the world's water is
available for use
B. people in high
rainfall countries feel lucky
C. the
costs of water redistribution should be considered
D. water can be easily carried through
pipes across the world
2. Which of the
following is TRUE?
A. The water stores
in Texas have been reduced by 75%.
B.
Most industries in the world suffer from water
shortages.
C. The underground water in
Saudi Arabia might run out in 50 years.
D. Good management of water use
resulted from the project in the Central Valley.
3. What is most likely to be discussed
in the paragraph that follows?
A. Steps
to improving water use management.
B.
Ways to reduce the costs of building dams.
C. Measures to deal with worldwide
water shortages.
D. Approaches to
handling the pressure on water supply.
4. The text is mainly about________.
A. water supply and increasing
population
B. water use management and
agriculture
C. water redistribution and
wildlife protection
D. water shortages
and environmental protection
答案与解析
世界的可用淡水资源有限
,
但农业在利用水资源过程中存在不
尽如人意之
处
,
本
文指出了其中的一些问题。
1. C
细节理解题
,
由文中第一段第二句
“With 97% of
the world's water too salty to
be drunk
or used in agriculture...”
可知
A
选项错误
< br>;
由第一段第三句
“...strange to
someone
fortunate enough to live in a high rainfall
country...”
可知
B
选
项不合文意
;
第
二段前两句指出水资源的重新分配的费用极高
,
一方面是水利过
程本身的造价
,
另一
方面也会对生态造成极大的破坏
,
所以选项
C
正确
,
根据
第二段第四句
“...it
cannot
be transported from one side of
the world to the other.”
可
知
D
项不正确。
2. C
细节理解题。
根据文章第三段第二句
“...has resulted in a 25% reduction of
the water stores.”
可判断
A
选项不正确
;
由第一段最后一句可判断
B
选项错误
;
由文
章最后一句
“...fifty years of pumping will see
them run dry.”
可知
C
项正确。根
据文
章第三段最后一句可知
D
项不正确。
3. A
判断推理题。文章前面一部分主要是讲述农业在利用水资源过程中
存在
的问题
,
接下来应
该是介绍加强水资源管理的方法和措施
,
所以
< br> A
选项正
确。
4. B
主旨大意题。由第一段第二句可知。
(
二
It
was a village in India. The people were poor.
However, they were not unhappy.
After
all, their forefathers had lived in the same way
for centuries.
Then one day, some
visitors from the city arrived. They told the
villagers there were
some people
elsewhere who liked to eat frog's legs. However,
they did not have enough
frogs of their
own , and so they wanted to buy frogs from other
places. This seemed like
money for
nothing. There were millions of frogs in the
fields around , and they were no
use to
the villagers. All they had to do was catch them.
Agreement was reached , and the
children were sent into the
fields to catch frogs. Every week a truck arrived
to collect the
catch and hand over the
money. For the first time, the people were able to
dream of a
better future. But the dream
didn't last long. The change was hardly noticed at
first, but it
seemed as if the crops
were not doing so well. More worrying was that the
children fell ill
more often, and,
there seemed to be more insects around lately.
The villagers decided that they
couldn't just wait to see the crops failing and
the
children getting weak. They would
have to use the money earned to buy pesticides
(
杀虫
剂
and
medicines. Soon there was no money left.
Then the people realized what was
happening. It was the frog. They hadn't been
useless. They had been doing an
important job
—
eating
insects. Now with so many frogs
killed,
the insects were increasing more rapidly. They
were damaging the crops and
spreading
diseases.
Now , the people are still
poor. But in the evenings they sit in the village
square and
listen to sounds of insects
and frogs. These sounds of the night now have a
much deeper
meaning.
1. From
Paragraph 1, we learn that the villagers________.
A. worked very hard for centuries
B. dreamed of having a better life
C. were poor but somewhat content
D. lived a different life from their
forefathers
2. Why did the villagers
agree to sell frogs?
A. The frogs were
easy money.
B.
They needed money to buy medicine.
C.
They wanted to please the visitors.
D.
The frogs made too much noise.
3. What
might be the cause of the children's sickness?
A. The crops didn't do well.
B. There were too many insects.
C. The visitors brought in diseases.
D. The pesticides were overused.
4. What can we infer from the last
sentence of the text?
A. Happiness
comes from peaceful life in the country.
B. Health is more important than money.
C. The harmony between man and nature
is important.
D. Good old days will
never be forgotten.
答案与解析
本篇文章为记叙文。
主要讲述印度一个小村庄的人们在外乡人的诱导下为了
追求金钱收益捕杀青蛙
,
结果破坏了生态平衡。
意识到这个问题后
,
他们及时停
止
了捕杀
,
重新回到了宁静的乡村生活。
1. C
细节理解题。
第一段中有
“The people
were r, they were not
unhappy.”
和
C
项意思一致。
2. A
细节理解题。根据第二段的
“This seemed like money for nothing.”
句中
for
nothing
是
“
免费的
”
意思
,
说明青蛙容易得到
,
并能赚到钱
,
村民才答应卖。
3. B
推理
判断题。根据倒数第二段中
“
They had been doing an important job —
eating insects.
Now with so many frogs
killed, the insects were increasing more rapidly.
They were
damaging the crops and
spreading diseases.”
可以推断出庄稼收
成不好
,
孩子生病与青
蛙减少、害虫增多有关。
4. C
推理判断题。最后一句说明人们过度捕杀造成生态失衡
,
由此也影
响了人
类
,
因此
,
可以推断人与自然的
和谐是重要的。
(
三
We
produce 500 billion of plastic bags in a year
worldwide and they are thrown
away
polluting oceans , killing wildlife and getting
dumped in landfills where they take
up
to 1000 years to decompose. Researchers have been
unsuccessfully looking for a
solution.
The 16-year-old Canadian high school
student , Daniel Burd, from Waterloo
Collegiate Institute, has discovered a
way to make plastic bags
degrade(
分解
in as few as
3 months , a finding that won him first
prize at the Canada -Wide Science Fair , a $$10
000 prize, a $$20 000 scholarship, and a
chance to revolutionize a major environmental
issue.
Burd's strategy was
simple: Since plastic does eventually degrade, it
must be eaten
by microorganisms
(
微生物
. If those
microorganisms could be identified, we could put
them to work eating the plastic much
faster than under normal conditions. With this
goal
in mind, he ground plastic bags
into a powder and
concocted(
调制
a solution of
household chemicals,
yeast(
酵母
and tap water to
encourage microbes growth. Then he
added the plastic powder and let the
microbes work their magic for 3 months. Finally,
he
tested the resulting bacterial
culture on plastic bags, exposing one plastic
sample to dead
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