-simplicity
.
英语四级阅读题库含答案解析
e One
Global warming may or
may not be the great environmental crisis of the
21
st
century, but
regardless of whether it is or
isn
’
t
–
we
won
’
t do much about it.
We will argue over it and
may
even, as a nation, make some fairly
solemn-sounding commitments to avoid it. But the
more
dramatic and meaningful these
commitments seem, the less likely they are to be
observed.
Al Gore calls global warming
an
“
inconvenient
truth,
”
as if
merely recognizing it could put us
on a
path to a solution. But the real truth is that we
don
’
t know enough to relieve
global warming,
and
–
without major technological
breakthroughs
—
we
can
’
t do much about it.
From 2003 to 2050, the
world
’
s population is
projected to grow from 6.4 billion to 9.1 billion,
a 42% increase. If energy use per
person and technology remain the same, total
energy use
and greenhouse gas emissions
(mainly, CO2) will be 42% higher in 2050. but
that
’
s too low,
because
societies
that
grow
richer
use
more
energy.
We
need
economic
growth
unless
we
condemn the
world
’
s poor to their
present poverty and freeze everyone
else
‘
s living standards.
With modest growth, energy use and
greenhouse emissions more than double by 2050.
No government will adopt rigid
restrictions on economic growth and personal
freedom (limits
on electricity usage,
driving and travel) that might cut back global
warming. Still, politicians want
to
show
they
’
re
“
doing
something.
”
Consider
the
Kyoto
Protocol
(
京都议定书
).
It
allowed
countries that joined to punish those
that didn
’
t. But it
hasn
’
t reduced CO2 emissions
(up about
25% since 1990), and many
signatories
(
签字国
)
didn
’
t adopt tough enough
policies to hit their
2008-2012
targets.
The practical conclusion is
that if global warming is a potential disaster,
the only solution is
new
technology.
Only
an
aggressive
research
and
development
program
might
find
ways
of
breaking dependence on
fossil fuels or dealing with it.
The
trouble with the global warming debate is that it
has become a moral problem when
it
’
s
really
an
engineering
one.
The
inconvenient
truth
is
that
if
we
don
’
t
solve
the
engineering
problem,
we
’
re helpless.
57. What is said about global warming
in the first paragraph?
A) It may not
prove an environmental crisis at
all.
B)
It
is
an
issue
requiring
world
wide
commitments.
C) Serious steps have been taken to
avoid or
stop it.
D)
Very
little
will
be
done
to
bring
it
under
control.
58. According to
the author
’
s understanding,
what is Al Gore
’
s view on
global warming?
.
.
A) It is a reality both people and
politicians are unaware of.
B) It is a
phenomenon that causes us many inconveniences.
C) It is a problem that can be solved
once it is recognized.
D) It is an area
we actually have little knowledge about.
59. Green house emissions will more
than double by 2050 because of _______.
A) economic growth
B)
the
widening
gap
between
the
rich
and
poor
C)
wasteful use of energy
D)
the
rapid
advances
of
science
and
technology
60. The author
believes that, since the signing of the Kyoto
Protocol, ________.
A) politicians have
started to do something to better the situation
B) few nations have adopted real tough
measures to limit energy use
C)
reductions in energy consumption have greatly cut
back global warming
D) international
cooperation has contributed to solving
environmental problems
61. What is the
message the author intends to convey?
A) Global warming is more of a moral
issue than a practical one.
B) The
ultimate solution to global warming lies in new
technology
C) The
debate over global warming will lead to
technological breakthroughs.
D) People
have to give up certain material comforts to stop
global warming.
Passage Two
Someday a stranger will read your
e-mail without your permission or scan the
Websites you
’
ve visited. Or
perhaps someone will casually glance through your
credit card purchase or cell
phone
bills to find out your shopping preferences or
calling habits.
In fact,
it
’
s likely some of these
things have already happened to you. Who would
watch you
without your permission? It
might be a spouse, a girlfriend, a marketing
company, a boss, a cop
or a criminal.
Whoever it is, they will see you in a way you
never intended to be seen
—
the
21
st
century
equivalent of being caught naked.
Psychologists tell us boundaries are
healthy, that it
’
s important
to reveal yourself to friends,
family
and lovers in stages, at appropriate times. But
few boundaries remain. The digital bread
crumbs
(
碎屑
) you
leave
everywhere
make
it
easy
for
strangers to
reconstruct
who
you are,
where you are and
what you like. In some cases, a simple Google
search can reveal what you
think. Like
it or not, increasingly we live in a world where
you simple cannot keep a secret.
The
key question is: Does that matter?
When
opinion polls ask Americans about privacy, most
say they are concerned about losing
.
.
it. A survey found an
overwhelming pessimism about privacy, with 60
percent of respondents
saying they feel
their privacy is
“
slipping
away, and that bothers me.
”
But
people
say
one
thing
and
do
another.
Only
a
tiny
fraction
of
Americans
change
any
behaviors in an effort to preserve
their privacy. Few people turn down a discount at
tollbooths
(
收费站
) to
avoid
using
the
EZ-Pass
system
that
can
track
automobile
movements.
And
few
turn down
supermarket loyalty cards. Privacy economist
Alessandro Acquisti has run a series of
tests that reveal people will surrender
personal information like Social Security numbers
just to
get their hands on a pitiful
50-cents-off
coupon
(
优惠券
).
But
privacy does matter
–
at least sometimes.
It
’
s like health: When you
have it, you don
’
t
notice it. Only when
it
’
s gone do you wish
you
’
d done more to protect
it.
62. What does the author mean by
saying
“
the
21
st
century equivalent of
being caught naked
”
(Lines
3-4, Para.2)?
A)
People
’
s personal
information is easily accessed without their
knowledge.
B) In the
21
st
century people try
every means to look into
others
’
secrets.
C) People tend to be more frank with
each other in the information age.
D)
Criminals are easily caught on the spot with
advanced technology.
63. What would
psychologists advise on the relationships between
friends?
A)
Friends
should
open
their
hearts
to
each
other.
B) Friends should
always be faithful to each
other.
5, Para.3)?
A) Modern
society has finally evolved into an open society.
B) People leave traces around when
using modern technology.
C) There are
always people who are curious about
others
’
affairs.
D) Many search engines profit by
revealing people
’
s
identities.
65. What do most Americans
do with regard to privacy protection?
A) They change behaviors that might
disclose their identity.
B) They use
various loyalty cards for business transactions.
C)
They
rely
more
and
more
on
electronic
devices.
D)
They
talk
a
lot
but
hardly
do
anything
about it.
C) There should be a distance even
between
friends.
D)
There
should
be
fewer
disputes
between
friends.
64. Why does the author say
“
we live in a world where
you simple cannot keep a
secret
”
(Line
66. According to the passage, privacy
is like health in that ________.
.
.
A) people will make every
effort to keep it
B) its importance is
rarely understood
C) it is something
that can easily be lost
D) people
don
’
t cherish it until they
lose it
e One
Questions
57
to
61
are
based
on
the
following
passage.
If
you
are
a
male
and
you
are
reading
this
,congratulations:
you
are
a
survivor
.According to statistics .you are more
than twice as likely to die of skin
cancer than
a woman ,and nine times
more likely to die of
AIDS.
Assuming
you
make
it
to
the
end
of
your
natural term, about 78 years for men in
Australia,
you
will
die
on
average
five
years
before a woman.
There are many reasons for this-
typically,
men
take
more
risks
than
woman
and
are
more
likely
to
drink
and
smoke
but
perhaps
.
more importantly, men
don
’
t go to the doctor.
“
Men
aren
’
t
seeing
doctors
as
often
as
they
should,
”
says
Dr.
Gullotta,
“
This
is
particularly
so
for
the
over-40s,when
diseases tend
to strike.
”
Gullotta says a healthy man should
visit
the doctor every year or two. For
those over
45,it should be at least
once a year.
Two
months
ago
Gullotta
saw
a
50-year-old
ma
who
had
delayed
doing
anything about his
smoker
’
s cough for a year.
“
When
I
finally
saw
him
it
had
already
spread
and
he
has
since
died
from
lung
cancer
”
he
says,
“
Earlier
detection
and
treatment
may
not
have
cured
him,
but
it
would have
prolonged this life
”
According
to
a
recent
survey,
95%of
women aged between 15
and early 40s see a
doctor once a year,
compared to 70% of men
in the same age
group.
“
A lot of men think
they are invincible
（不
可战胜的）”
Gullotta
says
“
They only come in
.
when a friend drops dead
on the golf course
and
they
think
”
Geez,
if
it
could
happen
to
him.
Then
there
is
the
ostrich
approach,
”
some men are scared of what might be
there
and would rather not know,
”
says Dr. Ross
Cartmill.
“
Most
men
get
their
cars
serviced
more
regularly
than
they
service
their
bodies,
”
Cartmill says .He believes most
diseases that
commonly affect men could
be addressed by
preventive check-ups.
Regular
check-ups
for
men
would
inevitably
place
strain
on
the
public
purse,
Cartmill
says.
”
But
prevention
is
cheaper
in
the
long run than having to treat the diseases.
Besides, the ultimate cost is far
greater: it is
called premature
death.
”
does
the
author
congratulate
his
male
readers
at
the
beginning
of
the
passage?
A.
They
are
more
likely
to
survive
serious
.
diseases today.
B.
Their
average
life
span
has
been
considerably extended.
C. They have lived long enough to read
this
article.
D.
They
are
sure
to
enjoy
a
longer
and
happier live.
does
the
author
state
is
the
most
important
reason
men
die
five
years
earlier
on average than
women?
A.
men
drink
and
smoke
much
more
than
women
B.
men
don
’
t
seek
medical
care
as
often
as
women
C. men
aren
’
t as cautions as women
in face
of danger
D.
men
are
more
likely
to
suffer
from
fatal
diseases
59. Which of the
following best completes the
sentence
“
Geez, if it could happen to
him
…’
(line2,para,8)?
A. it could happen to me, too
.
B. I should avoid playing
golf
C. I should consider myself lucky
D. it would be a big misfortune
60what does Dr. Ross Cartmill mean by
“
the
ostrich
approach
”
(line q para.9)
A.
a
casual
attitude
towards
one
’
s
health
conditions
B.
a
new
therapy
for
certain
psychological
problems
C. refusal to get
medical treatment for fear of
the pain
involved
D.
unwillingness
to
find
out
about
one
’
s
disease because of fear
61.
What
does
Cartmill
say
about
regular
check-ups for men?
may
increase public expenses
will save
money in the long run
may
cause
psychological
strains
on
men
will
enable
men
to
live
as
long
as
women
Passage Two
.
Questions
62
to
66
are
based
on
the
following passage.
High-
quality
customer
service
is
preached(
宣
扬
)
by
many
,but
actually
keeping customers happy is easier said
than
done
Shoppers
seldom
complain
to
the
manager
or
owner
of
a
retail
store,
but
instead
will
alert
their
friends,
relatives,
co-workers,
strangers-and
anyone
who
will
listen.
Store managers are
often the last to hear
complaints, and
often find out only when their
regular
customers
decide
t
frequent
their
competitors,
according
to
a
study
jointly
conducted
by
Verde
group
and
Wharton
school
“
Storytelling hurts
retailers and entertains
consumers,
”
said Paula Courtney, President
of
the
Verde
group.
”
the
store
loses
the
customer,
but
the
shopper
must
also
find
a
replacement.
”
.
On
average,
every
unhappy
customer
will complain to at
least four other, and will no
longer
visit
the
specific
store
for
every
dissatisfied
customer,
a
store
will
lose
up
to
three
more
due
to
negative
reviews.
The
resulting
“
snowball
effect
”
can be
disastrous
to retailers.
According to the research, shoppers who
purchased
clothing
encountered
the
most
problems.
ranked
second
and
third
were
grocery and electronics customers.
The
most
common
complaints
include
filled
parking
lots,
cluttered
(
塞
满
了
的
)
shelves, overloaded racks,
out-of-stock items,
long check-out
lines, and rude salespeople.
During
peak
shopping
hours,
some
retailers
solved
the
parking
problems
by
getting
moonlighting
（业余兼职的）
local
police
to
work
as
parking
attendants.
Some
hired
flag
wavers
to
direct
customers
to
empty
parking spaces. This
guidance eliminated the
need
for
customers
to
circle
the
parking
lot
.
endlessly,
and
avoided
confrontation
between
those
eyeing
the
same
parking
space.
Retailers
can
relieve
the
headaches
by
redesigning store layouts, pre-stocking
sales
items,
hiring
speedy
and
experienced
cashiers,
and
having
sales
representatives
on hand to
answer questions.
Most importantly,
salespeople should be
diplomatic and
polite with angry customers.
“
Retailers
who
’
re responsive and
friendly
are
more
likely
to
smooth
over
issues
than
those who aren
’
t
so friendly.
”
said Professor
Stephen Hoch.
“
Maybe something as simple
as
a
greeter
at
the
store
entrance
would
help.
”
Customers
can
also
improve
future
shopping experiences
by filing complaints to
the retailer,
instead of complaining to the rest
of
the
world.
Retailers
are
hard-pressed
to
improve
when
they
have
no
idea
what
is
wrong.
.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡
2<
/p>
上作答
62. Why are
store managers often the last to
hear
complaints?
A
Most
customers
won
’
t
bother
to
complain
even if they have
had unhappy experiences.
B
Customers
would
rather
relate
their
unhappy experiences to
people around them.
C Few customers
believe the service will
be
improved.
D
Customers
have
no
easy
access
to
store
managers.
63.
What
does
Paula
Courtney
imply
by
saying
“
…
the
shopper
must
also
find
a
replacement
”
(Line 2, Para. 4)?
A
New
customers
are
bound
to
replace
old
ones.
B
It
is
not
likely
the
shopper
can
find
the
same products in other
stores.
C Most stores provide the same
D Not complaining to the manager causes
the
shopper some trouble too.
64.
Shop
owners
often
hire
moonlighting
.
police
as
parking
attendants
so
that
shoppers_____
A can stay longer browsing in the store
B won
’
t have
trouble parking their cars
C
won
’
t have any worries about
security
D can find their cars easily
after shopping
65. What contributes
most to smoothing over
issues with
customers?
A Manners of the salespeople
B Hiring of efficient employees
C Huge supply of goods for sale
D Design of the store layout.
66. To achieve better shopping
experiences,
customers are advised to
_________.
A
exert
pressure
on
stores
to
improve
their
service
B
settle
their
disputes
with
stores
in
a
diplomatic way
C
voice
their
dissatisfaction
to
store
managers directly
D
shop
around
and
make
comparisons
between stores
.
3.
The January fashion show,
called Future Fashion , exemplified how far
green
design
has
come.
Organized
by
the
New
York-based
nonprofit
Earth
Pledge, the show
inspired many top designers to work with
sustainable fabrics
for the first time.
Several have since made pledges to include organic
fabrics in
their lines.
The designers who undertake
green fashion still face many challenges.
Scott
Hahn,
cofounder
with
Gregory
of
Rogan
and
Loomstate,
which
uses
all-
organic cotton, says high-quality sustainable
materials can still be tough to
fine .
“
Most designers with
existing labels are finding there
aren
’
t comparable
fabrics that can just replace what
you
’
re doing and shat your
customers are
used
to,
”
he
says.
For
example,
organic
cotton
and
non-
organic
cotton
are
virtually
indistinguishable
once
woven
into
a
dress.
But
some
popular
synthetics, like stretch nylon, still
have few eco-friendly equivalents.
Those who do make the
switch are finding they have more support. Last
year
the
influential
trade
show
Designers
&
Agents
stopped
charging
its
participation
fee
for
young
green <
/p>
entrepreneurs
(
企业家<
/p>
)
who
attend
its
two
springtime shows in Los Angeles and New
York and gave special recognition
to
designers whose
collections
are
at
least 25%
sustainable . It
now counts
more
than
50
green
designers,
up
from
fewer
than
a
dozen
two
years
ago.
This
week
Wal-
Mart
is
set
to
announce
a
major
initiative
aimed
at
helping
cotton
farmers
go
organic:
it
will
buy
transitional
(
过渡型的
)
cotton
at
higher
.
.
prices
,
thus
helping
to
expand
the
supply
of
a
key
sustainable
material .
“
Mainstream is about to
occur,
”
says
Hahn.
Some
analysts
(
分析师
) are
less sure . Among consumers, only 18%are
even
aware
that
ecofashion
exists,
up
from
6%
four
years
ago.
Natalie
Hormilla, a fashion
writer, is an example of the unconverted consumer,
when
asked if she owned any sustainable
clothes, she replied:
“
Not
that I
’
m aware
of.
”
Like most consumers, she finds little
time to shop, and when she does,
she
’
s
on
the
hunt
for
“
cute
stuff
that
isn
’
t
too
expensive.
”
By
her
own
admission,
green
just
isn
’
t
yet
on
her
mind.
But
–
thanks
to
the
combined
efforts of designers, retailers and
suppliers
–
one day it will
be.
57. What is said about
Future Fashion?
A) It inspired many
leading designers to start going green.
B) It showed that designers using
organic fabrics would go far.
C) It
served as an example of how fashion shows should
be organized.
D)
It
convinced
the
public
that
fashionable
clothes
should
be
made
durable.
58.
According
to
Scott
Hahn,
one
big
challenge
to
designers
who
will
go
organic
is that
.
A)
much
more
time
is
needed
to
finish
a
dress
using
sustainable
materials .
.
.
B) they have to
create new brands for clothes made of organic
materials .
C) customers have
difficulty telling organic from non-organic
materials .
D) quality organic
replacements for synthetics are not readily
available .
59.
We
learn
from
Paragraph
3
that
designers
who
undertake
green
fashion
.
A) can attend various trade
shows free .
B) are readily recognized
by the fashion world
C)
can buy organic cotton at favorable prices .
D) are gaining more and more support .
60. What is Natalie
Hormilla
’
s attitude toward
ecofashion?
A) She
doesn
’
t seem to care about
it.
C) She is
doubtful of its practical
value.
B) She doesn
’
t
think it is sustainable
D) She is very much opposed
to
the idea
61. What does
the author think of green fashion?
A)
Green products will soon go mainstream.
B) It has a very promising future.
C) Consumers have the final say.
.
.
D) It will
appeal more to young people.
Passage
Two
Questions 62 to 66 are based on the
following passage.
Scientists have
devised a way to determine roughly where a person
has
lived
using
a
strand(
缕
)
of
hair
,
a
technique
that
could
help
track
the
movements of criminal
suspects or unidentified murder victims .
The method relies on
measuring how chemical variations in drinking
water
show up in
people
’
s hair.
<
/p>
“
You
’
re
what
you
eat
and
drink,
and
that
’
s
recorded
in
you
hair,
”
said
Thure Cerling, a
geologist at the University of Utah.
While U.S diet is relatively identical,
water supplies vary. The differences
result
from
weather
patterns.
The
chemical
composition
of
rainfall
changes
slightly as raid clouds move.
Most hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water
are stable , but traces of both
elements are also present as
heavier
isotopes
(
同位素
) . The heaviest raid
falls
first .As
a
result,
storms
that
form
over
the
Pacific
deliver
heavier
water
to
California than to Utah.
Similar patterns exist throughout the
U.S. By measuring the proportion of
heavier hydrogen and oxygen isotopes
along a
strand of hair, scientists can
construct a geographic timeline. Each
inch of hair corresponds to about two
.
.
months.
Cerling
’
s
team
collected
tap
water
samples
from
600
cities
and
constructed a mop of the
regional differences. They checked the accuracy of
the map by testing 200 hair samples
collected from 65 barber shops.
They
were
able
to
accurately
place
the
hair
samples
in
broad
regions
roughly corresponding to the movement
of raid systems.
“
It
’
s
not
good
for
pinpointing
(
精确定位
),
”
Cerling
said .
“
It
’
s
good
for
eliminating many
possibilities.
”
Todd Park, a local detective, said the
method has helped him learn more
about
an unidentified woman whose skeleton was found
near Great Salt Lake.
The
woman
was
5
feet
tall.
Police
recovered
26
bones,
a
T-shirt
and
several strands of hair.
When
Park
heard
about
the
research,
he
gave
the
hair
samples
to
the
researchers.
Chemical
testing
showed
that
over
the
two
years
before
her
death, she moved about
every two months.
She stayed in the
Northwest, although the test could not be more
specific
than somewhere between eastern
Oregon and western Wyoming.
“
It
’
s
still
a
substantial
area,
”
Park
said
“
But
it
narrows
it
way
down
for
me.
”
62. What is the
scientists
’
new
discovery?
.
.
A)
One
’
s hair growth has to do
with the amount of water they drink.
B)
A person
’
s hair may reveal
where they have lived.
C) Hair analysis
accurately identifies criminal suspects.
D) The chemical composition
of hair varies from person to person.
63. What does the author mean by
“
You
’
re what
you eat and drink
”
(Line 1,
Para.3)?
A) Food and drink affect
one
’
s personality
development.
B) Food and drink
preferences vary with individuals.
C)
Food and drink leave traces in
one
’
s body tissues.
D) Food and drink are
indispensable to one
’
s
existence.
64. What is said
about the rainfall in
America
’
s West?
A) There is much more rainfall in
California than in Utah.
B) The water
it delivers becomes lighter when it moves inland.
C) Its chemical composition is less
stable than in other areas.
D) It gathers more light isotopes as it
moves eastward.
65. What did
Cerling
’
s team produce in
their research?
A) A map showing the
regional differences of tap water.
B) A
collection of hair samples from various barber
shops.
.
.
C) A method to measure the amount of
water in human hair.
D) A
chart illustrating the movement of the rain
system.
66. What is the practical value
of Cerling
’
s research?
A) It helps analyze the quality of
water in different regions.
B) It helps the police determine where
a crime is committed.
C) It
helps the police narrow down possibilities in
detective work.
D) It helps identify
the drinking habits of the person under
investigation.
4.
Throughout
this
long,
tense
election,
everyone
has
focused
on
the
presidential
candidates
and
how
they
’
ll
change
America.
Rightly
so,
but
selfishly, I
’
m
more fascinated by Michelle Obama and what she
might be able
to do, not just for this
country, but for me as an African-American woman.
As
the potential First Lady, she would
have the world
’
s attention.
And that means
that for the first time
people will have a chance to get up close and
personal
with the type of African-
American woman they so rarely see.
Usually, the lives of black
women go largely unexamined. The prevailing
theory seems to be that
we
’
re all hot-tempered
single mothers who can
’
t
keep
a man. Even in the world of make-
believe, black women still
can
’
t escape the
stereotype
of
being
eye-rolling,
oversexed
females
raised
by
our
never-married, alcoholic
(
酗酒的
) mothers.
.
.
These
images
have
helped
define
the
way
all
women
are
viewed,
including
Michelle
Obama.
Before
she
ever
gets
the
chance
to
commit
to
a
cause,
charity or foundation as First Lady, her most
urgent and perhaps most
complicated
duty may be simple to be herself.
It
won
’
t
be
easy.
Because
few
mainstream
publications
have
done
in-depth
features
on
regular
African-American
women,
little
is
known
about
who
we are, what we think and what we face on a
regular basis. For better or
worse,
Michelle will represent us all.
Just as she will have her
critics, she will also have millions of fans who
usually have little interest in the
First Lady. Many African-American blogs have
written
about
what
they
’
d
like
to
see
Michelle
bring
to
the
White
House
—
mainly
showing the world that a black woman can support
her man and raise a
strong
black
family.
Michelle
will
have
to
work
to
please
everyone
—
an
impossible task. But for many African-
American women like me, just a little of
her poise (
沉着
),
confidence and intelligence will go a long way in
changing an
image
that
’
s been around for far
too long.
57.
Why does Michelle Obama hold a strong fascination
for the author?
A) She serves as a role model for
African women.
B) She possesses many admirable
qualities becoming a First Lady.
C) She will present to the
world a new image of African-American women.
D)
She
will
pay
closer
attention
to
the
interests
of
African-American
women.
.
.
58.
What
is
the
common
stereotype
of
African-American
women
according to the
author?
A) They
are victims of violence. B) They are of an
inferior violence.
C)
They
use
quite
a
lot
of
body
language.
D)
They
live
on
charity
and
social welfare.
59. What do many African-Americans
write about in their blogs?
A) Whether Michelle can
live up to the high expectations of her fans.
B) How Michelle
should behave as a public figure.
C) How proud they are to
have a black woman in the White House.
D) What Michelle should do
as wife and mother in the White House.
60. What does the author
say about Michelle Obama as a First Lady?
A) However many
fans she has, she should remain modest,
B) She
shouldn
’
t disappoint the
African-American community.
C) However hard she tries,
she can
’
t expect to please
everybody.
D)
She will give priority to African-American
women
’
s concerns.
61.
What
do
many
African-American
women
hope
Michelle
Obama
will
do?
A) Help change
the prevailing view about black women.
B) Help her husband in the
task of changing America.
C) Outshine previous First Lady.
D) Fully
display her fine qualities.
Passage Two
.
.
Questions 62 to 66 are based on the
following passage.
When
next
year
’
s
crop
of
high-
school
graduates
arrive
at
Oxford
University in the fall of 2009,
they
’
ll be joined by a new
face; Andrew Hamilton,
the
55-year-old
provost
< br>(
教
务
长
)
of
Yale,
who
’
ll
become
Oxford
’
s
vice-chancellor
—
a
position equivalent to university president in
America.
Hamilton isn
’
t
the only educator crossing the Atlantic. Schools
in France,
Egypt,
Singapore,
etc,
have
also
recently
made
top-level hires
from
abroad.
Higher education has
become a big and competitive business nowadays,
and
like
so
many
businesses,
it
’
s
gone
global. Yet
the
talent
flow
isn
’
t universal.
High-level personnel tend to head in
only one direction: outward from America.
The chief
reason is that American schools
don
’
t tend to seriously
consider
looking
abroad.
For
example,
when
the
board
of
the
University
of
Colorado
searched
for
a
new
president,
it
wanted
a
leader
familiar
with
the
state
government,
a
major
source
of
the
university
’
s
budget.
“
We
didn
’
t
do
any
global
consideration,
”
says
Patricia
Hayes,
the
board
’
s
chair.
The
board
ultimately
picked
Bruce
Benson,
a
69-year-old
Colorado
businessman
and
political
activist
(
活动家
)
who
is
likely to
do
well
in
the
main
task
of
modern
university
presidents:
fund-raising.
Fund-raising
is
a
distinctively
American
thing, since U.S. schools rely heavily
on donations. The fund-raising ability is
largely a product of experience and
necessity.
Many
European
universities,
meanwhile,
are
still
mostly
dependent
on
government
funding.
But
government
support
has
failed
to
keep
pace
with
.
.
rising
student
number.
The
decline
in
government
support
has
made
funding-
raising an increasing necessary ability among
administrators and has
hiring
committees hungry for Americans.
In the past few years,
prominent schools around the world have joined the
trend. In 2003, when Cambridge
University appointed Alison Richard, another
former Yale provost, as its vice-
chancellor, the university publicly stressed that
in
her
previous
job
she
had
overseen
“
a
major
strengthening
of
Yale
’
s
financial
position.
”
Of course, fund-raising
isn
’
t the only skill
outsiders offer. The globalization
of
education means more universities will be seeking
heads with international
experience
of
some
kind
of
promote
international
programs
and
attract
a
global student body. Foreigners can
offer a fresh perspective on established
practices.
62.
What
is
the
current
trend
in
higher
education
discussed
in
the
passage?
A) Institutions
worldwide are hiring administrators from the U.S.
B) A lot of
political activists are being recruited as
administrators.
C) American universities are enrolling
more international students.
D) University presidents
are paying more attention to funding-raising.
63. What is the
chief consideration of American universities when
hiring
top-level administrators?
A) The
political correctness. B) Their ability to raise
funds.
.
.
C) Their fame in academic
circles. D) Their administrative experience.
64. What do we
learn about European universities from the
passage?
A) The
tuitions they charge have been rising
considerably.
B) Their operation is under strict
government supervision.
C) They are strengthening their
position by globalization.
D) Most of their revenues come from the
government.
65.
Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard as
its vice-chancellor
chiefly because
_____.
A) she
was known to be good at raising money
B) she could help
strengthen its ties with Yale
C) she knew how to attract
students overseas
D) she had boosted
Yale
’
s academic status
66.
In
what
way
do
top-level
administrators
from
abroad
contribute
to
university development?
A) They can
enhance the university
’
s
image.
B) They
will bring with them more international faculty.
C) They will
view a lot of things from a new perspective.
D) They can set
up new academic disciplines.
5.
Questions 57 to 61 are
based on the following passage.
You never see him, but
they're with you every time you fly. They record
.
.
where you are
going,how fast you're traveling and whether
everything on your
airplane is
functioning normally. Their ability to withstand
almost any disaster
makes them seem
like something out of a comic 're known as the
black box.
When
planes
fall
from
the
sky,
as
a
Yemeni
airliner
did
on
its
way
to
Comoros Islands in the India ocean June
30, 2009, the black box is the best
bet
for
identifying
what
went
wrong.
So
when
a
French
submarine
(
潜水艇
)
detected
the
device's
homing
signal
five
days
later,
the
discovery
marked
a
huge step toward
determining the cause of a tragedy in which 152
passengers
were killed.
In
1958,
Australian
scientist
David
Warren
developed
a
flight-memory
recorder that
would track basic information like altitude and
direction. That was
the
first
mode
for
a
black
box,
which
became
a
requirement
on
all
U.S.
commercial
flights
by
1960.
Early
models
often
failed
to
withstand
crashes,
however, so in 1965 the device was
completely redesigned and moved to the
rear of the plane
–
the area least
subject to impact
–
from its original position
in the landing wells
(
起落架舱
). The same year, the
Federal Aviation Authority
required
that the boxes, which were never actually black,
be painted orange or
yellow to aid
visibility.
Modern
airplanes
have
two
black
boxes:
a
voice
recorder, which
tracks
pilots'
conversations,and
a
flight-data
recorder,
which
monitors
fuel
levels,
engine noises and
other operating functions that help investigators
reconstruct
.
.
the
aircraft's
final
moments.
Placed
in
an
insulated
(
隔
绝
的
)
case
and
surrounded
by
a
quarter-inch-thick
panels
of
stainless
steel,
the
boxes
can
withstand massive force and
temperatures up to 2,000
℉
.
When submerged,
they're also able to
emit signals from depths of 20,000 ft. Experts
believe the
boxes from Air France
Flight 447, which crashed near Brazil on June
1,2009,
are in water nearly that deep,
but statistics say they're still likely to turn
up. In
the
approximately
20
deep-sea
crashes
over
the
past
30
years,
only
one
plane's
black boxes were never recovered.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡
2
上作答。
57. What does the author say about the
black box?
A)
It ensures the normal functioning of an airplane.
B) The idea for
its design comes from a comic book.
C) Its ability to ward off
disasters is incredible.
D) It is an indispensable device on an
airplane.
58.
What information could be found from the black box
on the Yemeni
airliner?
A) Data for analyzing the
cause of the crash.
B) The total number of passengers on
board.
C) The
scene of the crash and extent of the damage.
D) Homing
signals sent by the pilot before the crash.
59. Why was the
black box redesigned in 1965?
A) New materials became
available by that time.
.
.
B) Too much
space was needed for its installation.
C) The early models often
got damaged in the crash.
D) The early models didn't provide the
needed data.
60.
Why
did
the
Federal
Aviation
Authority
require
the
black
boxes
be
painted
orange or yellow?
A) To distinguish them from the colour
of the plane.
B) To caution people to handle them
with care.
C)
To make them easily identifiable.
D) To conform to
international standards.
61. What do we know about the black
boxes from Air France Flight 447?
A) There is still a good
chance of their being recovered.
B) There is an urgent need
for them to be reconstructed.
C) They have stopped
sending homing signals.
D) They were destroyed somewhere near
Brazil.
Passage Two
Questions 62 to 66 are
based on the following passage.
The $$11 billion self-help
industry is built on the idea that you should turn
negative thoughts like
succeed.
there power in
positive thinking?
Researchers in Canada just published a
study in the journal Psychological
Science
that
says
trying
to
get
people
to
think
more
positively
can
actually
.
.
have the opposite effect:
it can simply highlight how unhappy they are.
The
study's
authors,
Joanne
Wood
and
John
Lee
of
the
University
of
Waterloo and Elaine Perunovic of the
University of New Brunswick, begin by
citing
older
research
showing
that
when
people
get
feedback
which
they
believe is overly positive, they
actually feel worse, not better. If you tell your
dim friend that he has the potential of
an Einstein, you're just underlining his
faults. In one 1990s experiment, a team
including psychologist Joel Cooper of
Princeton asked participants to write
essays opposing funding for the disabled.
When the essayists were later praised
for their sympathy, they felt even worse
about what they had written.
In
this
experiment,
Wood,
Lee
and
Perunovic
measured
68
students'
self-esteem.
The
participants
were
then
asked
to
write
down
their
thoughts
and feelings for
four minutes. Every 15 seconds, one group of
students heard
a bell. When it rang,
they were supposed to tell themselves,
Those
with
low
self-esteem
didn't
feel
better
after
the
forced
self-affirmation.
In
fact,
their
moods
turned
significantly
darker than
those
of
members
of the control group, who weren't urged to think
positive thoughts.
The paper provides support for newer
forms of psychotherapy
(
心理治疗
)
that urge
people to accept their negative thoughts and
feelings rather than fight
them.
In
the
fighting,
we
not
only
often
fail
but
can
make
things
worse.
Meditation
(
静思
)
techniques,
in
contrast,
can
teach
people
to
put
their
shortcomings
into
a
larger,
more
realistic
perspective.
Call
it
the
power
of
.
.
negative thinking.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡
2
上作答。
62.
What
do
we
learn
from
the
first
paragraph
about
the
self-help
industry?
A) It is a highly profitable industry.
B) It is based
on the concept of positive thinking.
C) It was established by
Norman Vincent Peale.
D) It has yielded positive results.
63. What is the
finding of the Canadian researchers?
A) Encouraging positive
thinking many do more harm than good.
B) There can be no simple
therapy for psychological problems.
C) Unhappy people cannot
think positively.
D) The power of positive thinking is
limited.
64.
What does the author mean by
…
you're just
underlining his faults
(Line 4, Para.
3)?
A) You are
not taking his mistakes seriously enough.
B) You are
pointing out the errors he has committed.
C) You are
emphasizing the fact that he is not intelligent.
D) You are
trying to make him feel better about his faults.
65. What do we
learn from the experiment of Wood, Lee and
Perunovic?
A)
It is important for people to continually boost
their self-esteem.
B) Self-affirmation can bring a
positive change to one's mood.
.
.
C)
Forcing
a
person
to
think
positive
thoughts
may
lower
their
self-
esteem.
D)
People with low self-esteem seldom write down
their true feelings.
66. What do we learn from the last
paragraph?
A)
The effects of positive thinking vary from person
to person.
B)
Meditation may prove to be a good form of
psychotherapy.
C) Different people tend to have
different ways of thinking.
D) People can avoid making
mistakes through meditation.
6.
It is pretty much a one-way street.
While it may be common for university
researchers to try their luck in the
commercial world, there is very little traffic in
the opposite direction. Pay has always
been the biggest deterrent, as people
with families often feel they cannot
afford the drop in salary when moving to a
university
job.
For
some
industrial
scientists,
however,
the
attractions
of
academia (
学术界
)
outweigh any financial considerations.
Helen Lee took a 70% cut in salary when
she moved from a senior post
in Abbott
Laboratories to a medical department at the
University of Cambridge.
Her main
reason for returning to academia mid-career was to
take advantage
of the greater freedom
to choose research questions. Some areas of
inquiry
have few prospects of a
commercial return, and Lee
’
s
is one of them.
The impact of a salary
cut is probably less severe for a scientist in the
early stages of a career. Guy Grant,
now a research associate at the Unilever
.
.
Centre
for
Molecular
Informatics
at
the
University
of
Cambridge,
spent
two
years
working
for
a
pharmaceutical
(
制药的
)
company
before
returning
to
university as a post-doctoral
researcher. He took a 30% salary cut but felt it
worthwhile for the greater intellectual
opportunities.
Higher up the ladder,
where a pay cut is usually more significant, the
demand
for
scientists
with
a
wealth
of
experience
in
industry
is
forcing
universities
to
make
the
transition
(
转
换
)
to
academia
more
attractive,
according to
Lee. Industrial scientists tend to receive
training that academics
do
not,
such
as
how
to
build
a
multidisciplinary
team,
manage
budgets
and
negotiate contracts. They are also well
placed to bring something extra to the
teaching side of an academic role that
will help students get a job when they
graduate, says Lee, perhaps experience
in manufacturing practice or product
development.
“
Only
a
small
number
of
undergraduates
will
continue
in
an
academic
career.
So
someone
leaving
university
who
already
has
the
skills
needed
to
work
in
an
industrial
lab
has
far more
potential
in
the
job
market
than
someone who has spent all their time on a narrow
research project.
”
注意：
此部分试题请在答题卡
2
上作答。
57.
By
“
a one-way
street
”
(Line 1,
Para. 1), the author means ________.
［
A
］
university researchers know little
about the commercial world
［
B
］
there is little exchange between
industry and academia
［
C
］
few industrial scientists would quit to
work in a university
［
D
］
few university professors are willing
to do industrial research
.
.
58. The word
“<
/p>
deterrent
”
(Line 2, Para. 1) most probably refers
to something
that ________.
［
A
］
keeps someone from taking action
［
C
］
attracts people
’
s
attention
［
B
］
helps
to
move
the
traffic
［
D
］
brings
someone
a
financial burden
59. What
was Helen Lee
’
s major
consideration when she changed her job in
the middle of her career?
［
A
］
Flexible
work
hours.
［
C
］
Her
preference
for
the
lifestyle
on
campus.
［
B
］
Her
research
interests.
［
D
］
Prospects
of
academic
accomplishments.
60.
Guy
Grant
chose
to
work
as
a
researcher
at
Cambridge
in
order
to
________.
［
A
］
do financially more rewarding work
［
B
］
raise his status in the academic world
［
C
］
enrich his experience in medical
research
［
D
］
exploit better intellectual
opportunities
61. What contribution can
industrial scientists make when they come to teach
in a university?
［
A
］
Increase its
graduates
’
competitiveness in the job market
［
B
］
Develop its
students
’
potential in research.
［
C
］
Help it to obtain financial support
from industry.
.
.
［
D
］
Gear its research towards practical
applications.
Passage Two
Questions 62 to 66 are based on the
following passage.
Being
sociable
looks
like
a
good
way
to
add
years
to
your
life.
Relationships with
family, friends, neighbours, even pets, will all
do the trick,
but
the
biggest
longevity
(
长寿
)
boost
seems
to
come
from
marriage
or
an
equivalent relationship. The effect was
first noted in 1858 by William Farr, who
wrote
that
widows
and
widowers
(
鳏夫
) were
at
a
much
higher
risk
of
dying
than their married
peers. Studies since then suggest that marriage
could add
as much as seven years to a
man
’
s life and two to a
woman
’
s. The effect holds
for all causes of death, whether
illness, accident or self-harm.
Even
if
the
odds
are
stacked
against
you,
marriage
can
more
than
compensate. Linda Waite
of the University of Chicago has found that a
married
older man with heart disease
can expect to live nearly four years longer than
an unmarried man with a healthy heart.
Likewise, a married man who smokes
more
than a pack a day is likely to live as long as a
divorced man who doesn
’
t
smoke. There
’
s a
flip side, however, as partners are more likely to
become ill
or die in the couple of
years following their
spouse
’
s death, and caring
for a
spouse
with
mental
disorder
can
leave
you
with
some
of
the
same
severe
problems. Even so, the odds favour
marriage. In a 30-year study of more than
10,000 people, Nicholas Christakis of
Harvard Medical School describes how
all kinds of social networks have
similar effects.
.
.
So
how
does
it
work?
The
effects
are
complex,
affected
by
socio-economic factors,
health-service provision, emotional support and
other
more
physiological
(
生理的
)
mechanisms.
For
example,
social
contact
can
boost
development of the brain and immune system,
leading to better health
and less
chance of depression later in life. People in
supportive relationships
may
handle
stress
better.
Then
there
are
the
psychological
benefits
of
a
supportive
partner.
A life partner, children and
good friends are all recommended if you aim
to
live
to
100.
The
ultimate
social
network
is
still
being
mapped
out,
but
Christakis says:
“
People are interconnected,
so their health is
interconnected.
”
62. William
Farr
’
s study and other
studies show that _________.
［
A
］
social life provides an effective cure
for illness
［
B
］
being sociable helps improve
one
’
s quality of life
［
C
］
women benefit more than men from
marriage
［
D
］
marriage contributes a great deal to
longevity
63. Linda
Waite
’
s studies support the
idea that _________.
［
A
］
older men should quit smoking to stay
healthy
［
B
］
marriage can help make up for ill
health
［
C
］
the married are happier than the
unmarried
［
D
］
unmarried people are likely to suffer
in later life
64.
It
can
be
inferred
from
the
context
that
the
“
flip
side
”
(Line
4,
Para.
2)
refers to _________.
.
.
［
A
］
the disadvantages of being married
［
B
］
the emotional problems arising from
marriage
［
C
］
the responsibility of taking care of
one
’
s family
［
D
］
the consequence of a broken marriage
65. What does the author say about
social networks?
［
A
］
They have effects similar to those of a
marriage.
［
B
］
They help develop
people
’
s community spirit.
［
C
］
They provide timely support for those
in need.
［
D
］
They help relieve people of their
life
’
s burdens.
66. What can be inferred from the last
paragraph?
［
A
］
It
’
s important
that we develop a social network when young.
［
B
］
To stay healthy, one should have a
proper social network.
［
C
］
Getting a divorce means risking a
reduced life span.
［
D
］
We should share our social networks
with each other.
7.
Several
recent studies have found that being
randomly
(
随机地
) assigned
to a roommate of another race can lead
to increased tolerance but also to a
greater
likelihood
(
可能性
)
of conflict.
Recent reports
found that lodging with a student of a different
race may
decrease prejudice and compel
students to engage in more ethnically diverse
friendships.
An Ohio State
University study also found that black students
living with a
.
.
white
roommate
saw
higher
academic
success
throughout
their
college
careers. Researchers
believe this may be caused by social pressure.
In a
New York Times
article, Sam Boakye
–
the only black
student on his
freshman
year
floor
-said
that
you're
surrounded
by
whites,
you
have
something to
prove.
Researchers
also
observed
problems
resulting
from
pairing
interracial
students in residences.
According
to
two
recent
studies,
randomly
assigned
roommates
of
different
races
are
more
likely
to
experience
conflicts
so
strained
that
one
roommate will move out.
An
Indiana
University study
found
that
interracial
roommates
were
three
times as likely as two
white roommates to no longer live together by the
end of
the semester.
Grace
Kao, a professor at Penn said she was not
surprised by the findings.
lived, with someone of a
different race,
At Penn, students are
not asked to indicate race when applying for
housing.
of
the
great
things
about
freshman
housing
is
that,
with
some
exceptions, the process throws you
together randomly,
Assembly chairman
Alec Webley.
experienced
roommate
conflicts
between
interracial
students
that
have
both
broken
down
stereotypes
and
reinforced
stereotypes,
said
one
.
.
Penn
resident
advisor
(RA).
The
RA
of
two
years
added
that
while
some
conflicts
melding
(
融合
),
were also
The RA said that these conflicts have
also occurred among roommates of
the
same race.
Kao said she cautions
against forming any generalizations based on any
one
of
the
studies,
noting
that
more
background
characteristics
of
the
students
need to be studied and explained.
注意：此部
分试题请在
答题卡
2
上作答。
57. What can we learn from some
recent studies?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Conflicts
between students of different races are
unavoidable.
Students of different
races are prejudiced against each other.
Interracial lodging does more harm than
good.
Interracial lodging may have
diverse outcomes.
58. What does Sam
Boakye's remark mean?
A)
W
hite students tend to look
down upon their black peers.
B)
Black students
can compete with their white peers academically.
C)
Black students
feel somewhat embarrassed among white peers during
the freshman year.
D)
B
eing
surrounded
by
white
peers
motivates
a
black
student
to
work
harder to succeed.
59. What
does the Indiana University study show?
.
.
A)
I
nterracial roommates are
more likely to fall out.
B)
Few white students like sharing a room
with a black peer.
C)
Roommates of different races just don't
get along.
D)
A
ssigning students' lodging
randomly is not a good policy.
60. What
does Alec Webley consider to be the
A)
Students of
different races are required to share a room.
B)
Interracial
lodging is arranged by the school for freshmen.
C)
Lodging is
assigned to students of different races without
exception.
D)
The
school randomly assigns roommates without regard
to race.
61. What does Grace Kao say
about interracial lodging?
A)
It is
unscientific to make generalizations about it
without further study.
B)
Schools
should
be
cautious
when
making
decisions
about
student
lodging.
C)
Students'
racial
background
should
be
considered
before
lodging
is
assigned.
D)
Experienced
resident
advisors
should
be
assigned
to
handle
the
problems.
Passage Two
Questions 62 to 66 are based on the
following passage.
Global
warming
is
causing
more
than
300,000
deaths
and
about
$$125
billion
in
economic
losses
each
year,
according
to
a
report
by
the
Global
.
.
Humanitarian
Forum,
an
organization
led
by
Annan,
the
former
United
Nations secretary general.
The report, to be released Friday,
analyzed data and existing studies of
health,
disaster,
population
and
economic
trends.
It
found
that
human-influenced
climate
change
was
raising
the
global
death
rates
from
illnesses including
malnutrition
(
营养不良
)
and heat-related health problems.
But even before its release, the report
drew criticism from some experts
on
climate and risk, who questioned its methods and
conclusions.
Along with the deaths, the
report said that the lives of 325 million people,
primarily in poor countries, were being
seriously affected by climate change. It
projected that the number would double
by 2030.
Roger
Pielke
Jr.,
a
political
scientist
at
the
University
of
Colorado,
Boulder,
who
studies
disaster
trends,
said
the
Forum's
report
was
methodological
embarrassment
because
there
was
no
way
to
distinguish
deaths or
economic losses related to human-driven global
warming amid the
much
larger
losses
resulting
from
the
growth
in
populations
and
economic
development in
vulnerable
(
易受伤害的
) regions. Dr. Pielke
said that
“
climate
change is an important problem
requiring our utmost
attention.
”
But
the report,
he said,
because
it is so deeply
flawed
(
有瑕疵的
).
However,
Soren
Andreasen,
a
social
scientist
at
Dalberg
Global
Development
Partners
who
supervised
the
writing
of
the
report,
defended
it,
.
.
saying
that
it
was
clear
that
the
numbers
were
rough estimates. He
said the
report was aimed at world
leaders, who will meet in Copenhagen in December
to negotiate a new international
climate treaty.
In a press release
describing the report, Mr. Annan stressed the need
for the
negotiations to focus on
increasing the flow of money from rich to poor
regions to
help reduce their
vulnerability to climate hazards while still
curbing the emissions
of the heat-
trapping gases. More than 90% of the human and
economic losses
from climate change are
occurring in poor countries, according to the
report.
62.
What is the
finding of the Global Humanitarian Forum?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Global temperatures affect the rate of
economic development.
Rates of death
from illnesses have risen due to global warming.
Malnutrition has caused serious health
problems in poor countries.
Economic
trends have to do with population and natural
disasters.
63.
What do we
learn about the Forum's report from the passage?
A)
B)
C)
D)
It was challenged by some climate and
risk experts.
It aroused a lot of
interest in the scientific circles.
It
was warmly received by environmentalists.
It caused a big stir in developing
countries.
64.
What does Dr.
Pielke say about the Forum's report?
A)
Its statistics
look embarrassing.
C)
It
deserves
our
closest
attention.
B)
It is invalid
in terms of methodology.
D)
Its
conclusion
is
purposely
.
.
exaggerated.
65.
What is Soren Andreasen's view of the
report?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Its
conclusions are based on carefully collected data.
It is vulnerable to criticism if the
statistics are closely examined.
It
will give rise to heated discussions at the
Copenhagen conference.
Its rough
estimates are meant to draw the attention of world
leaders.
66.
What
does
Kofi
Annan
say
should
be
the
focus
of
the
Copenhagen
conference?
A)
How
rich
and
poor
regions
can
share
responsibility
in
curbing
global
warming.
B)
How
human
and
economic
losses
from
climate
change
can
be
reduced.
C)
How
emissions
of
heat-trapping
gases
can
be
reduced
on
a
global
scale.
D)
How
rich
countries
can
better
help
poor
regions
reduce
climate
hazards.
8.
Passage One
Boys' schools
are the perfect place to teach young men to
express their
emotions and are more
likely to get involved in activities such as art,
dance
and music, according to research
released today.
Far
from
the
traditional
image
of
a
culture
of
aggressive
masculinity
in
.
.
which students either sink
or swim, the absence of girls gives boys the
chance
to develop without pressure to
conform to a stereotype, the US study says.
Boys at single sex schools were said to
be more likely to get involved in
cultural
and
artistic
activities
that
helped
develop
their
emotional
expressiveness,
rather than feeling they had to conform to the
hiding their emotions to be a
The
findings of the study go against received wisdom
that boys do better
when taught
alongside girls.
Tony Little,
headmaster of Eton, warned that boys were being
failed by the
British
education
system
because
it
had
become
too
focused
on
girls.
He
criticized
teachers
for
failing
to
recognize
that
boys
are
actually
more
emotional than girls.
The
research
argued
that
boys
often
perform
badly
in
mixed
schools
because they become discouraged when
their female peers do better earlier in
speaking and reading skills.
But
in
single-sex
schools
teachers
can
tailor
lessons
to
boys'
learning
style, letting them
move around the classroom and getting them to
compete in
teams
to
prevent
boredom,
wrote
the
study's
author,
Abigail
James,
of
the
University of Virginia.
Teachers
could
encourage
boys
to
enjoy
reading
and
writing
with
specifically
approaches
such
as
themes
and
characters
that
appeal to them.
Because boys
generally have
more
acute
vision, learn best
.
.
through
touch,
and
are
physically
more
active,
they
need
to
be
given
lessons
where
they
are
allowed
to
walk
around.
in
mixed
schools view classical music as
feminine and prefer the modern genre in which
violence and sexism are major
themes,
Single-
sex education also made it less likely that boys
would feel they had
to
conform
to
a
stereotype
that
men
should
be
and
in
charge
in
relationships.
mixed
schools,
boys
feel
compelled
to
act
like
men
before
they understand themselves well enough
to know what that means,
reported.
57.
The
author
believes
that
a
single-sex
school
would
_____________________.
A
force boys to hide their emotions to be
“
real
man
”
B help to cultivate masculine
aggressiveness in boys
C encourage boys to express
their emotions more freely
D naturally reinforce in boys that
traditional image of a man
58.
It
is
commonly
believed
that
in
a
mixed
schools
boys
____________________.
A perform relatively better
C behave more responsibly
B
grow up more healthily
D receive a better education
59. What does Tony Little
say about the British education system?
A It fails more boys than girls
academically
B
It
focuses
more
on
.
.
mixed school education
C
It fails to give boys the attention they need
D It places more pressure
on boys than on girls
60.
According to Abigail James, one of the advantages
of single-sex schools is
______________.
A teaching
can be tailored to suit the characteristics of
boys
B boys can focus on their
lessons without being distracted
C boys can choose to learn whatever
they are interested in
D
teaching can be designed to promote
boys
’
team spirit
61. Which of
the following is characteristic of boys according
to Abigail James
’
report?
A They
enjoy being in charge
C They have sharper vision
B They conform
to stereotypes
D They are violent and sexist
Passage Two
It's an annual argument. Do we or do we
not go on holiday? My partner
says
no
because
the
boiler
could
go,
or
the
roof
fall
off,
and
we
have
no
savings to save us. I say that you only
live once and we work hard and what's
the point if you can't go on holiday.
The joy of a recession means no argument
next year
–
we just won't go.
Since
money
is
known
to
be
one
of
the
things
most
likely
to
bring
a
relationship
to
its
knees,
we
should
be
grateful.
For
many
families
the
recession
means
more
than
not
booking
a
holiday.
A
YouGov
poll
of
2,000
.
.
people found
22% said they were arguing more with their
partners because of
concerns
about
money.
What's
less
clear
is
whether
divorce
and separation
rates rise in a recession
–
financial
pressures mean couples argue more but
make splitting up less affordable. A
recent research shows arguments about
money were especially damaging to
couples. Disputes were characterized by
intense verbal aggression, tended to be
repeated and not resolved, and made
men, more than women, extremely angry.
Kim Stephenson, an occupational
psychologist, believes money is such a
big deal because of what it symbolizes,
which may be different things to men
and women.
conceptions of
what it is for,
for security, for
freedom, to show someone you love
them
more
likely
to
see
money
as
a
way
of
buying
status
and
of
showing
their
parents that they've
achieved something.
going on with their
finances, but they don't. There seems to be more
of a taboo
about
talking
about
money
than
talking
about
death.
But
you
both
need
to
know what you are doing, who is paying
what into the joint account and how
much you keep separately. In a healthy
relationship you don't have to agree
about money, but you have to talk about
it.
62. What does the author
say about vacationing?
.
.
A People enjoy it all the
more during a recession
B Few people
can afford it without working hard
C It
makes all the hard work worthwhile
D It is the chief cause of
family disputes
63.
What
does
the
author
mean
by
saying
“
money
is
known
…
to
bring
a
relationship to its
knees
”
(Line1
Para. 2)
？
A Money
is considered to be the root of all evils
B
Some people sacrifice their dignity for money
C Few people can resist the
temptation of money
D
Disputes over money may ruin a relationship
64.
The
YouGov
poll
of
2000
people
indicates
that
in
a
recession
_________________.
A
conflicts between couples tend to rise
B
it is more expensive for couples to split up
C couples show more concern for each
other
D divorce
and separation rates increase
65. What does Kim Stephenson believe?
A Money is often a symbol of a
person
’
s status
B
Money means a great deal to both men and women
C Men and women spend money
on different things
D Men and women view money in different
ways
66.
The
author
suggests
at
the
end
of
the
passage
that
couples
should
.
.
________________
A put their
money together instead of keeping it separately
9.
I
’
ve
worked
in
the
factories
surrounding
my
hometown
every
summer
since I graduated
from high school, but making the
transition
(
转变
) between
school and full-time blue-collar work
during the break never gets any easier.
For a student like me who considers any
class before noon to be uncivilized,
getting to a factory by 6
o
’
clock each morning is
torture. My friends never seem
to
understand
why
I
’
m
so
relieved
to
be
back
at
school
or
that
my
summer
vacation has been
anything but a vacation.
There
’
re few
people as self-confident as a college student who
has never
been out in the real world.
People my age always seem to overestimate the
value of their time and knowledge. In
fact, all the classes did not prepare me
for my battles with the machine I ran
in the plant, which would jam whenever I
absent-mindedly put in a part backward
or upside down.
The
most stressful thing about blue-collar life is
knowing your job could
disappear
overnight.
Issues
like
downsizing
(
裁员
)
and
overseas
relocation
had always seemed
distant to me until my co-workers told me that the
until I
was working in would shut down
within six months and move to Mexico, where
B make efforts to reach agreement on
their family budgets
C discuss money
matters to maintain a healthy relationship
D avoid arguing about money
matters to remain romantic
.
.
people would
work for 60 cents and hour.
After working 12-hour
shifts in a factory, the other options have become
only too clear. When
I
’
m back at the university,
skipping classes and turning in
lazy
re-writes
seems
too
irresponsible
after
seeing
what
I
would
be
doing
without
school.
All
the
advice
and
public-service
announcements
about
the
value
of an education that used to sound stale now ring
true.
These lessons
I
’
m learning, however
valuable, are always
tinged
(
带有
)
with sense of guilt. Many people pass
their lives in the places I briefly work,
spending 30 years where I spend only
two months at a time.
“
This
job pays
well,
but
it
’
s
hell
on
the
body,
”
said
one
co-
worker.
“
Study
hard
and
keep
reading,
”
she added.
My
experiences in the factories have inspired me to
make the most of my
college years
before I enter the real world for good.
57. How did the author look
back on his summer days while at college?
[A]
They brought him nothing but torture.
[B] They were
no holiday for him at all.
[C] They were a relief from
his hard work at school.
[D] They offered him a
chance to know more people.
58. What
does the author say about college students?
[A]
They expect too much from the real world.
[B]
They have little interest in blue-collar life.
.
-simplicity
-simplicity
-simplicity
-simplicity
-simplicity
-simplicity
-simplicity
-simplicity
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