strategy-引吭高歌
1
、
Communication
technologies
are
far
from
equivalent.
A
recent
study
comparing
honesty across
a
range
of
different
media
revealed
that
people were
twice
likely
to
tell
lies when using the phone than when
communicating via e-mail. It had
previously been assumed that people
would
be
more
inclined
to
fabricate
the
truth
when
using
e-mail,
due
to
the
remoteness of
the
interaction
making people more comfortable about deceiving
others. On the contrary, it seems that
anxiety over the accountability afforded by the
recording of e-mail exchanges
induces
greater
truthfulness. However,
the
research
also
noted
that
people
are much more likely to be rude or
insulting
over e-mail, outweighing any
benefits of increased honesty!
An implication of the study
is that if telephone conversations are recorded
and people are
aware of
this fact, they are likely to be more truthful
over the phone.
（
T
）
People are unconcerned
about the repercussion of e;mail untruths.
< br>（
F
）
It had been
assumed that people would communicate more
honestly when using e;mail
than when
using the telephone.
（
F
）
2
、
There is often considerable scientific
disagreement both about available reserves of
natural resources
and
about
the
extent
of
environmental
damage
caused
by
particular
pollutants. Even where the scientific
evidence is
incontrovertible. There may
be political conflict, based on
different
vested
interests,
over
the
degree
to which
particular
environmental
controls
should
be
accepted.
Governments
may,
for
example,
refrain
from
introducing
effective control if they fear these
will adversely affect company
profitability or jobs, even where the
environmental cost of not introducing controls are
considerable.
自然
资源的可用储量和特定污染物造成的环境损害程度，
往往存在相当大的科学性意见。
有
许多科学，
即
使在科学证据是确凿无疑的。可能有政治冲突，
根据不同的既得利益，在一定
程度上，特别是环境控制上应该被接受的问题。
政府可能不采取有效的控制，例如，如果
他们担心这些会带来不利影响公司的盈利能力或
工作，
即使不引入控制的环境成本是相当大
的。
There is always scientific debate
around the facts regarding the reserves of natural
resources.
（
T
）
Very
rarely
is
there
conflict
over
the
degree
to
which
particular
environmental
controls should be accepted.
（
F
）
Parties with
a
vested
interest
are more
influenced
by
politics
than
science
when
deciding
whether to implement environmental controls.
（
C
）
3
、
Whilst
high
visibility
crime
such
as
night-time
drunken
disturbance
has
increased,
total urban and rural crime, both
reported and unreported, has fallen over the
last two years, yet people feel less
safe, believing that the converse is the case.
This fall in
crime has
coincided with
a
drop
in
the
number
of
police
officer
on
the
street.
A
citizen?s
fear
of seems
not to be a matter of reality at all; the
visibility of law
enforcement officials
has a greater impact on their view of reality than
hard facts.
同时
<
/p>
高度引人注目的犯罪，比如夜间醉酒滋事比率上升，市区和乡镇地区，已报道和未报
道的总犯罪率在过去两年内都已经下降，
但人们依然感觉不安全，
觉得犯罪率不降反升。
犯
罪率的下降恰好遇
上了街道上警察数量的削减。
市民的担心看来没有必要；
法律的
执行力和
透明度对大家的观点产生的影响要比事实更重要。
<
/p>
削减警察的数量导致犯罪率下降
Reducing the number of police officer
has led to a reduction in crime.
（
C
）
Crime statistics support popular belief
about the level of crime.
（
F
）
犯罪统计为犯罪程度的普遍观点提供支撑数据
People feel safer when there are
more police on the street.
（
C
）
4
、
There
is
no
task more
difficult
than
that
of
ensuring
the
education
of
children
in modern . Not only
school, but also teachers and their roles have
changed out
of all recognition in the
past few decades, thanks to the impact on teaching
institutions by
indoctrinating, and
indoctrinated,
reformist
intellectuals
bearing
revolutionary
ideas.
To
the
perpetual indiscipline
of
youth
has
now
been
added
the
indiscipline
of
parents,
many
of
whom interpret
any
reports
of wrongdoing
in
school
on
the
part
of
their
offspring
as
a
personal affront,
or
as
the
manifestation
of
the
malice
of
teachers.
As
for
the
teachers
themselves, whilst many are respectable
and learned men and women, who view it as
their vocation to induct
their
charges
into
a
civilization
and
a way
of
behaving,
others
attempt
to
influence youth merely to further their
political or
ideological ends.
在现代社会，
没有什么任务比保证孩
子的教育更困难的了。
这不仅是学校，
连老师的角色也
已经在过去几十年内发生了认知上的巨大变化。
由于在师范学院被灌输的观点所影响，改
良派知识分子接受了很多变革性的理念。
青少年的无纪律性现在转移到了父母的无纪律性身
上，
很多父母都认为老师所反映的他们孩子的过失行为是对家长的一种羞辱，
或者
认为是老
师心怀恶意的表现。
对很多受人尊敬而且博学多识的男
女教师本身而言，
他们觉得引导学生
端正行为，
言传身教是很轻松的事情，
但是另外一些人却试图对学生施加影响以达到他们的
政治和理想主义目的。
一些教育系统
的工作有自己的不成文的规则
改革派教师会试图对学生
施加影响以达到
他们自己的政治目的
< br>一些报告学生行为不端的老师这样做是出于恶意而不是正当理
由。
Some of those working in education
have their own hidden agendas.
（
T
）
Teacher with revolutionary
ideas will attempt to influence their pupils for
their own political
ends.
（
C
）
Some teachers who report children of
wrongdoing do so because of malice, rather than
nay legitimate reason.
（
C
）
5
、
Last
week,
the
competition
commission
outlined
two
packages
to
regulate
the
sale
of extended
product warranties, which provide
repair/replacement
for faulty goods
beyond the
manufacturer?s
original
guarantee.
Whilst
warranty
sales
are
currently
highly
profitable, with some retailers
attributing up to . of their
profits to
this income stream, they are also criticized for
offering poor value for money due
to
obscure clauses, which restrict payment in many,
but the most unlikely claim scenarios.
The first package-to ban retailers
selling a full warranty on the day of purchase was
condemned by all as draconian-whilst
the other, rather milder, option of forcing
retailers to
provide full information
on warranty exclusions and an obligatory
60
–
day
“cool
-
off”
period
for customers, received a more balanced
hearing.
Because
no
one
believes
that
the
first
option
will
ever
be
implemented,
investors
and
analysts have
focused more
closely on
the
implication
of
the
“milder”
package.
In
a
recent leaked
research
note,
one
analyst
suggested
that
the
implementation
of
the
reform
in
the second
package would place
a
staff-training
burden on
the
retailer, which would
lead
to
a significant
increase in
the cost of warranty sales,
and a predicted 20% fall in actual sales.
“Co
ol
-
off”
periods
are not currently offered by companies selling
product warranties.
（
C
）
It is likely that neither
package will be implemented.
（
C
）
Preventing retailers from selling
warranties on the day of purchase of a product was
felt to
be too severe a res
triction.
（
T
）
6
、
All
scientific
knowledge
is
provisional.
Everything
that
science
knows,
even
the
most mundane
facts
and
long-established
theories,
is
subject
to
re-examination
as
new
information comes in. the latest data and ideas
are scrutinized
the most. Some
recantations will
be
unavoidable,
but
this
is
not
a
weakness
of
science,
but
rather
its
strength.
No endeavor rivals science in its
incremental
progress towards a more
complete understanding of the observable universe.
所有的科学知识都具有暂时性。
科学
所了解的任何东西，
即使是常识和建立很久的理论都会
在有新信
息后再检验。
最新的资料和想法会受到最细致的检验。
一些论调
的改变是不可避免
的，
但这并不是科学的缺点，
而是长处。
在科学中有一个与其竞争的对手有助于对客观宇宙
< br>更好的理解。
科学在挑战那些看上去成
立的理论的基础上增进认知。
(
错误
)
即
使有成就的话一些科学常识也不能被改变。
(
错误
)
不能
被观察到的的事物不能够成为科
学领域的一部分。
(
正确
)
Science
improves
understanding
on
the
basis
of
leaving
unchallenged
those
theories
that appear to
work.
（
F
）
Some facts in science cannot be
challenged if any progress is to be made.
（
F
）
That which is not
observable cannot be part of the domain of
science.
（
C
）
7
、
The
Statute
on
workplace
safety
requires
that
an
employer
should
ensure,
so
far
as
is reasonably
practicable,
the
health,
safety
and
welfare
at
work
of
all
full
and
part
time employees,
and
also
those
not
in
direct
employment
who
may
be
affected
by
acts
or
omissions at work.
However, it is also
the duty of employees to take reasonable care for
their own health and
safety and also
that of other persons who may be affected by their
acts or omissions at
work, for example
by complying with all notices on health and safety
that are posted.
工作场合的安全条例要
求雇主应该采取合理可行地措施以确保所有全职和兼职雇员的健康，
安全和福利，也包括
那些不直接受雇于雇主但可能被相关工作影响到的人。
但是，上
述员工，
含不直接受雇于公司的员工，
也有义务为自身的安全和健康采取必要措施，
例如遵
守
张贴出来的安全和健康告示。
如果工作场合中
的来访者因为员工的疏忽而受伤，
那么该员工可能负全责
雇主有责任保证其工厂参观者的安全
员工对工作场合的健
康和安全不用负责任。
If a workplace visitor is hurt due to
an act of negligence by an employee then the
employee may be held solely
responsible.
（
F
）
An employer has
responsibility for the safety of visitors to his
factory.
（
T
）
Employees have negligible
responsibility for workplace health and safety.
（
F
）
8
、
Tod
ay?s
historians
aim
to
construct
a
record
of
human
activities
and
to
use
this
record
to achieve a more profound
understanding of humanity. This
conception of their task is quite
recent, dating from the development from 18th and
early
19th centuries of scientific
history, and cultivated largely by professional
historians who
adopted the assumption
that the study of
natural,
inevitable
human
activity.
Before
the
late
18th
century,
history
was
taught
in
virtually no
schools, and
it did not attempt
to provide an
interpretation of human
life as a whole. This is more
appropriately the function of religion,
of philosophy, or even perhaps of poetry.
现今的历史学家旨在通过构造出一个人类活动的记录并使用这
个记录来获得对于人类更深
刻的理解。他们这个任务的设想是近代才有的，可以追溯到<
/p>
18
世纪和
19
世纪初科学历史的
发展，
并在很大程度上是被那些接受对天生的
，
不可避免的人类活动的研究假设的职业历史
学家们培养出来的
。在
18
世纪末期之前，几乎没有哪所学校教历史，而历史总的
来说也并
未试图对人类生活做出解释。
它更恰当的功能同宗教，
哲学，
甚至可能是诗歌的功能较为相
近
。
That which constitutes the
study of history has changed over time.
（
C
）
Professional
historians did not exist before 18th century.
（
C
）
In
the
17th
century,
history
would
not
have
been
thought
of
as
a
way
of
understanding humanity.
（
T
）
9
、
Whilst
having
similar
effects
on
employees,
there
tend
to
be
major
difference
between
a merger
and
an
acquisition.
In
an
acquisition,
power
is
substantially
assumed
by
the
new parent
company. Change
is
often swift
and brutal
as
the
acquirer
imposes
its own
control systems and
financial
restraints. Parties to a
merger are likely to be evenly matched in terms of
size,
and
the
power
and
cultural
dynamics
of
the
combination
are
more
ambiguous,
integration is a more drawn out
process. During
an
acquisition,
there
is
often
more
overt
conflict
and
resistance
and
a
sense
of powerlessness.
In
mergers,
because
of
the
prolonged
period
between
the
initial announcement
and full integration, uncertainty and
anxiety continue for a much longer time as the
organization remains in a state of
limbo.
合并和收购有着较
大的差异，但是对员工都有着相似的影响。对于收购来说，公司的权利
基本上在总公司手
里掌控着。当收购者在被收购公司强行推行他的管理模式和实施金融约
束，
被收购公司通常会发生迅速而残忍的改变。
合并的公司在规模或事能力上可能
都是相当
的，
所以企业在合并过程中文化的动态会显得比较模糊
。
企业内部的整合会花费较长的时间。
在收购的过程中，经常会
出现较明显的争端和阻力，以及无力的感觉。
在合并的过程中，由
于最初的声明到最终的整合需要很长的时间，
在企业处于不安定状态时，
员工的不确定性心
理和焦虑感也会持续较长的时间。
There tends to be a major power
difference between parties in an acquisition.
（
T
）
Mergers and acquisition tend to have
distinctly different impacts on employees.
（
C
）
Mergers yield a shorter
period of anxiety and uncertainty amongst employee
s.
（
F
）
10
、
Management is, in effect, the catalyst
that is essential for converting the resources
and raw material
inputs
of
the
operation
into
valued
outputs
and,
in
the
process,
ensuring
that stakeholder
needs
are
satisfied. Managers
represent
the
critical
factor, which
economists refer
to
as
“enterprise”,
without
which
the
other
factors
(land,
labor
and
capital)
cannot function. Managers
are
effectively the custodians of the
organization?s
resource,
responsible for
deciding
what
the
resources
should
be
used
for,
how
best
to
use
them,
and
to which
customers the outputs should be
targeted.
实际上，管
理是企业加工过程必不可少的催化剂，它将运作的资源及原料投入，再为企业
产出价值，
并满足利益相关者的需求。管理者，也就是经济学家所说的“企业家”
，则是关
键因素
,
没有他，其他因素（土地，劳力，资
金
)
就无法运作。管理者是集体资源的有效管
< br>理员，负责资源的使用方向，使用效率，以及产出价值要针对的目标客户。
通过
创造产出价值，利益相关者的需求得到了最大程
度的满足。
（错误）
管理担负
着至少两
种不同的责任。
（正确）
管理者必须能决定资源的最大使用效率。
（正确）
Stakeholder needs are best
served through the creation of valued outputs. (C)
Management has at least two
major but different responsibilities.
（<
/p>
T
）
Managers must decide how best to handle
all the resources at their disposal.
（
T
）
11
、
There
is
no
doubt
that
vegetarian
food
can
be
healthier
than
a
traditional
diet
–
indeed, research has demonstrated that
vegetarians are less likely
to suffer
from heart disease and obesity
than
those who
eat meat. One long-standing
concern
about a vegetarian
lifestyle
is the
risk of failing to take in enough protein.
However, historical calculations as to
the amount of
protein
needed
for
a
healthy
lifestyle
have
recently
been
shown
to
overestimate
the
quantities needed, and
if
vegetarian
select
their
food carefully
they
should be
able
to meet their protein
needs.
< br>毫无疑问，素食比传统的饮食更加健康——研究的确证明了素食主义者罹患心脏疾病和肥
< br>胖的可能性比那些食肉的人要小。
一个存在已久的担忧是，
素食主义的生活方式存在无法摄
入足够多的蛋白质的风险。
然
而基于历史事实，
对健康生活方式所需的蛋白质量进行的计算，
近期表明高估了需求量，
而且，
如果素食主义者认真选择食物，
他们的蛋白质需求应该可以
满足。
均衡的饮食更可能是为了加强健康，
而非某些食物
或被孤立的食物结构。
（
C
）
饮食中太多的蛋白质会导致心脏疾病。
（
C
）
随着时间的推移，对组成健康均衡饮
食的食物建议以及发生了变化。
< br>（
C
）
A balanced diet
is more
likely
to promote health
than any particular
food or
food
group
in isolation.
（
C
）
Too much protein in the
diet can lead to heart disease.
（
C
）
Over time the
recommendations as to what constitutes a healthy
balanced diet have
changed.
（
C
）
12
、
Water,
the
most
common
liquid
used
for
cleaning,
has
a
property
called
surface
tension. Molecules in the body of the
water are surrounded by other
molecules, but at the surface a
“tension”
is created as
molecules are only surrounded by
other
molecules on the waterside. This tension inhibits
the cleaning process, as it slows
the
wetting of surface due to tension causing
the water
to
bead
up.
This
is
where
water
droplets
hold
their
shape
and
do
not spread.
For effective
cleaning to take place
“surface
tension”
must be reduced so
that water can
spread.
Surface active
agents,
or
surfactants,
are
chemicals,
which
are
able
to
do
this effectively.
水是最常见的清洗用液体，
具备一种叫表面张力的属性。
水
体里的分子被其它分子包围。
由
于水中的分子周围只有分子，在
水体表面表产生了一种张力。由于张力会导致水珠的产生，
这种张力会减缓表面浸湿的速
度，
进而抑制清洁过程。
这就是为什么水珠会保持形状而不扩<
/p>
散开。为了有效清洗物品，必须减弱表面张力，让水可以散开。表面活性介质，也称表面活
性剂，
就是起这个作用的化学物质。
<
br>
表面活性介质或表面活性剂只用于清洁。
（
C
）
水是唯一已知
的清洁用液体。
（
F
）
为了清洁表面，把表面活性化学物质添加到水中后，
< br>就产生了表面张力。
（
F
）
水分子阻碍清洁过程。
（
T
）
Surface-active agents, or surfactants,
are only used for cleaning.
（
C
）
Water is the only known
liquid used for cleaning.
（
F<
/p>
）
If
surfactant chemicals are added to water when
cleaning a surface, surface tension will
occur.
（
F
）
The molecules on the
waterside hinder the cleaning process.
（
F
）
13
、
The
biggest
risk
facing
the
world?s
insurance
companies
is
possibly
the
rapid
change now
taking
place
within
their
own
ranks.
Sluggish
growth
in
core
markets
and
intense
price competition, coupled
with shifting patterns of
customer
demand and the rising cost of losses, are
threatening to overwhelm those too
slow
to react.
全球保险公司面对的最大风险可能是他
们行业内部排名正在发生的迅速变化。
核心市场业务
增长缓慢、
价格竞争激烈、加上顾客需求模式不断变化，
以及亏损成本的增
加，均对那些反
应缓慢的公司构成威胁。
Insurance companies are experiencing a
boom in their core markets.
（
F
）
Insurance companies are
competing to provide best prices to customers.
（
C
）
Insurance companies are
coping well with increased price competition and
rising losses.
（
F
）
14
、
Short-sightedness
is
to
a
large
extent
inherited,
its
incidence
varies
from
one
family
to another. The reason behind the link
between the common
incidence of short-
sightedness and high intelligence is unclear.
Previous generations
thought that eyes
could become strained by years
spent
poring
over
books,
but
a
few
decades
ago
the
popular
medical
view was
that Short-sighted people
gravitated
towards
the
library because
they
found
it hard
to
excel
at sports.
Recently there has been partial support
for a theory that high intelligence and
short-sightedness may, in fact, be part
of a genetic package.
近视在很大程度上是遗传造成的，
其发生率因家族而有所不同。
近视与高智商之间相关性的
背后原因仍不清楚。
老一辈的人认为，常年阅读书本使眼睛疲劳，
但是，近数十年流行的医
学观点是，近视者之所以被图书馆所吸引，是因
为他们发现自己很难在体育上取胜。最近，
有一个新理论或部分人支持，就是高智商与近
视其实可能来自同一组基因。
The genetic link between
intelligence and short-sightedness has recently
been disproven.
（
F
）
People from all families
stand at an equal chance of being short-sighted.
（
F
）
Intelligence is to a large
extent inherited.
（
C
）
15
、
The cosmic microwave
background (CMB) radiation is the afterglow from
the Big
Bang, and weak
as
it
may
be
today,
these
primeval
microwaves
hold
valuable
information
about fundamental
properties
of
the
early
universe.
Slight
differences,
or
anisotropies,
in
the
brightness and polarization of the CMB
reveal clues about the nature of the
primeval plasma: that
the
discrepancies
exist
at
all
shows
that
the
plasma
was
not
perfectly
uniform.
The
variations
in
the
brightness
seen
in
the
CMB
reflect
differences
in
the
density
of
the primordial
plasma,
whereas
the
anisotropic
polarization
reveals
information
about
the
dynamics
of
the
early
universe,
such
as
the
movement
of
material
and
the
number
of gravitational waves. The CMB,
however, is not the only source of
polarized microwaves and the
cosmological
polarization
must
thus
be
measured
at
different
wavelengths
so
as
to
isolate them
from foreground signals.
宇宙
微波背景辐射是宇宙大爆炸的余晖。
尽管这些原始微波现在很微弱，
但它们为人们研究
早期宇宙的基本属性提供了许多有价值的信息。
< br>宇宙微波背景的亮度和极化的细微差异，
也
即各向异性，
为人们研究原始等离子体的性质提供了线索。
所有宇宙微波背景
的亮度和偏振
都存在差异，
说明等离子体不是完全一致的。
宇宙微波背景亮度的差异揭示了原始等离子体
的密度差异，而各向异
性的偏振则揭示了早期宇宙的动态，比如物质运动和引力波的数量。
然而，
宇宙微波背景不是偏振微波的唯一来源。所以，必须在不同波段测量宇宙偏振，
以便
把它们从前景信号中剥离开。
< br>宇宙微波背景的各向异性只显示原始等离子体不是一致
的。
（
F
）
必须在不同波段测量宇宙微波偏振，以便把前景和背景信号剥离开。
（
T
）
The
anisotropies of the CMB show solely that the
primordial plasma was not
uniform.
（
F
）
The polarization of cosmic microwaves
is measured at different wavelength so as to
separate the foreground from the
background signals.
（
T
）
Through studying the
cosmological microwaves, one may learn about the
forces of gravity
in the early
universe.
（
C
）
16
、
Internet
experts are warning of a new multitude of
extremely dangerous computer
viruses
that
have
recently
been
causing
devastation
and
could
potentially
cripple
entire
global computer
systems.
These
viruses
can
replicate
thousands
of
copies within
hours
and
are capable
of extirpating security software
that,
in turn, enables hackers to appropriate control of
the
machines.
Criminal
gangs
can
then
establish
bank
accounts
using
stolen
identities, sabotage
a
company?s
computer
system
and
extort
money
for
its
restoration,
and
sell computers
that
have
been
interfered with
on
the
black market.
Computer
users
are
often advised to refrain from opening
suspicious program attached to the
emails and to continually update their
security software.
网络专家发出警告
称最近有一款新型多功能且极具破坏力的电脑病毒正在破坏我们的电脑
系统，
它甚至可能破坏全球的电脑系统。
这些病毒可以破坏电脑里的安全软件，<
/p>
在几小时內
复制电脑数据，
反过来，
也可以帮助黑客控制电脑。
犯罪团伙还可以借此盗取银行账户帐号，
破坏公司电脑系统运作，
再以恢复系统的名字进行敲炸勒索，<
/p>
然后把电脑卖到黑市去。
电脑
用户通常被
建议不要打开邮件里可疑的附件，然后经常要升级安全软件。
Internet experts are advising computer
users to replace their software if they suspect it
has been tampered with.
（
C
）
17
、
For most people, any reference to
hypnosis brings to mind images of individuals
involved in amusing, and often out of
character, behavior. However, hypnosis is also a
topic of scientific research.
Research
by
scientists
over
the
last
few
decades
has
revealed
ways
in
which memory
processes,
and
processes
involved
in
pain
perception
can
be
changed
using
hypnosis. It has also been found that
hypnotic suggestions can regulate
activity in identifiable sections
of
the
brain
and
can
contribute
to
the
effective management
of
cognitive
conflict. Findings from
several related brain imaging studies,
for example, have suggested that people under
hypnosis cab exhibit reduced level of
brain activity in both visual area and the
anterior
cingulate cortex.
Disparate research has already established the
role of these brain
structures in the
monitoring the cognitive conflict.
对大多数人来说，催眠给人的印象是使人丧失自主意愿，
做出超乎寻常
的行为。然而，
催眠
也是一项科学研究主题。
< br>近十几年来的研究揭示了人记忆的形成方式，
通过催眠可以改变痛
觉记忆的形成。
同时研究还发现催眠暗示可控制大脑的认知区域的活动，
对认知冲突形成有
效管理。通过对相关的脑部图像进行研究，人们也有
所发现，
比如人脑在催眠状态下，
视觉
皮层和前扣带皮层的活动都减少了。
不同的研究已经建立了脑结构在监督认知冲突中的作
用
18
、
Workers
are
becoming
increasingly
concerned
about
company
relocation
due
to
its association with employee distress
and isolation, which can be caused by
issues such as the management of
property transitions and loss of community ties.
Furthermore, moving home can put a
strain on
worker?s
financial
resources and close
relationships,
especially for those working parents who may
feel guilty about moving
children
to new
schools.
Regardless
of the
disruption created, some individuals are
very willing to relocate, due to the
potential for enhanced career prospects and
long;term
financial stability.
雇员对公司搬迁新址愈加关注，
因为
财产交接管理和群体纽带的缺失，
会导致员工产生困扰
和孤立感
。
而且，随之而来的搬家，
会使员工的经济来源和人脉关系受到
限制，尤其是双职
父母会因为把孩子转学到新学校而感到内疚。
如果不考虑这些干扰因素，
一些单身人士是很
乐意搬家的，因为
会有潜在的升职空间和长期的经济稳定性
有
些人会对搬家的后
果产生内疚
公司搬迁比例上升
换工作带来的潜在收益被一些人认为
值得承受其带
来的痛苦和压力。
Some people may feel guilty about the
consequences of relocating.
（
T
）
Company
relocation has increased.
（
C
）
The potential benefits of
job relocation are seen, by some, to be worth the
associated
distress and strain.
（
T
）
19
、
Political, economic and
demographic developments are combining to increase
the
wealth of individuals leading
economies. These individuals take a much more
active role
in managing their personal
financial
affairs
and
in determining how
their
assets
should be
invested
for their long-term benefit. As a
result, we are seeing the
emergence of
a new market, consisting of
so-called
“affluent
individuals”.
This
structural
trend
is
set
to
continue and
will
provide significant
opportunities
for
financial
services
providers.
This
band
of
individuals
has traditionally been
dominated by old money inheritance, and
this will remain a factor, but the rise
of
new
affluent
money
is
increasing
as
individuals
benefit
from
higher
salaries
and
compensation in the form of stock options. These
new affluent individuals are also
creating wealth as small business
entrepreneurs.
在经济先进的国家，
人们的财富随着政治、经济、
人口的发展而增加。
他们更加积极地管理
其个人财务并决定他们的资产应如何进行投资以获取长期利益。
这造就了一个新市场的出
现，而这个市场是有一群被称为
“
小富翁
”
的个人组成。此结构趋势将持续下
去并为理财服务
行业提供极大商机。这一群人在传统上多是继承上一代的财富，这仍将是
一个要素，但是，
由于个人自更高的薪金及股份认购权形式的报酬组合中获得收益，
新创富财产正在增加。
这
些小富翁阶层正以
小企业家的身份创造财富。
Affluent
individuals
want
to
manage
their
own
assets
rather
than
use
financial
service providers.
（
C
）
Individuals cannot become
“affluent”
through
inheriting old money.
（
F
）
Inherited old money will be
completely replaced by new affluent money.
< br>（
F
）
20
、
At the moment of GTC, like
other European producers, is able to relieve at
least
some of its over-capacity by
exporting, partly to Central America. A decade
from now, that
region will be
largely
self-sufficient
and
trade will
be
starting
to
flow
the
other way.
However,
for
GTC
investors,
the
company?s
recent
restructure
could
herald
better
times.
The
group?s
lack
of focus and lack;lustre returns
have been much criticized of late.
20.
在
GTC
的时候，
一部分由欧洲生厂商出
口到美国中部的产能过剩问题能够得到缓解。
从
现在起之后的十
年里，
这个地区将会很大程度上自给自足，
并且其贸易形式也会
变为另一种
方式。然而对于
GTC
投资
者来说，公司最近的重构可能意味着更好时代的来临。集团对于
焦点和出彩点的匮乏一直
很被批评。
美国中部在未来将要对欧洲出口更
少（
C F
）
美国中部的生产商会在欧洲找到一个完美的市场
（
C<
/p>
）
重构会导致利润的增加
（
C
）
Central America will, in the future,
begin to export less to Europe.
（
F
）
Central American producers
will find a ready market for their products in Eur
ope.
（
C
）
Restructuring generally produces an
increase in profitability.
（
C
）
21
、
The
increasing
fragility
of
the
rural
economy will
be
the
biggest
challenge
facing
country communities over
the next ten years. Agriculture, which
accounts for a quarter of rural job, is
in decline. Tourism provides no more than half
this
number of job. The rural
manufacturing sector, however, has grown over last
ten years.
Despite this, it still
employs fewer than one in twenty people living in
rural area, and is
threatened by
companies based in industrial areas, which benefit
from access to a larger
skilled
workforce and better transportation networks.
未来十年农村社会面临的最大挑战便是农村经济日益脆弱。
占据农村工作
四分之一的农业正
在下降。
旅游业提供的工作岗位不超过农业的
一半。
但是，
农村制造业在过去十年正在发展。
尽管如此，
农村地区每二十人中从事农村制造业的不足一人，
< br>而且还受到来自工业化地区公
司的威胁。这些工业化地区的公司拥有大量有技术的
劳工及更优良的运输网络。
Industries based in rural
areas benefit from better transport links.
（
F
）
Manufacturing provides the
fewest jobs in the countryside.
（
C
）
The manufacturing sector is
likely to be the main source of employment for
rural workers
in the future.
（
C
）
Industries based in rural
areas suffer from poorer transport links.
（
T
）
22
、
In
recent
years,
many
issues
have
been
considered
when
attempting
to
ameliorate
the
wellbeing
of
patients
and
the
efficiency
of
hospital
administration.
Patients
have
often complained about
endless waiting lists, low
standards of
cleanliness, poor hospital food, and
unsatisfactory doctor-patient
communication and now, according to an
expert from a leading image
consultancy,
doctors?
dress
codes
and
their
general
appearance
must
come
under
close
scrutiny.
Of
healthcare
professionals
have
an
unwashed
appearance,
dirty
nails
or unkempt hair,
this exudes
the
impression
of
recklessness, wearing
red
reminds patients of blood,
and
power
dressing
is
discouraged
because
patients may
feel
undermined
and
less relaxed. Although campaign groups
approve of healthcare professionals
leading by example with high standards of hygiene
in
hospitals, some individuals argue
that this potential new image legislation is
merely a case
of jumping on the
bandwagon of the current media trend for home and
lifestyle
makeovers.
22.
在近些年里，
在试图提高病人的幸福感和强化医院的管理的时候总是需要考虑的很多因
素。<
/p>
病人经常抱怨无止尽的排队，
不整洁的卫生环境，
糟糕的医院食物和令人不满的医患交
流，
而现在根据某
个一流的形象顾问专家所说，
医生的着装规范和总体外形都要经过仔细的
审查。
医疗保健从业者如果有不清洁的外貌，
很脏的指
甲，或者蓬乱的头发，就会散发出一
种轻率鲁莽的形象，
穿红色
衣服会让病人想到血液，
也不鼓励显贵穿着，
因为这会使病人感
觉受到冲击和不够放松。
尽管有很多运动组织都赞同医疗保健从
业者应在医院里用高卫生标
准来以身作则，
但也有人认为这潜在
的新形象法规不过是又一个对如今的媒体发展趋势和倡
导改变生活方式的赶时髦的案例。
有人认为如今倡导改变生活方式的媒体发展趋势是关心新
法规形
象的直接结果。
（
F
）
新医疗法规表明，
医疗保健从业者必须有干净
的手指甲。
（
T
）
对医疗保健从业者来说，穿蓝色的衣服比穿红色的要更受人喜欢。
（
C
）
Individuals have argued that the
current media trend for lifestyle makeover is
direct result
of the concern over the
image of new legislations.
（
F
）
New hospital legislation
states that healthcare professionals must have
clean fingernails.
（
C
）
It is always preferable for
healthcare professionals to wear blue instead of
red.
（
C
）
23
、
One
of
the
great
paradoxes
of
entrepreneurship
is
that
entrepreneurs
must
develop
the capacity
to
engage
the
urgent with
the
emergent. Routine
pressures
force
us
to
allow
the urgent
to dominate us, quarterly
reports,
market
share, and
tangible
return
on
investment become
paramount in this
paradox, emergent
(strategic) issues are often lost.
The urgent presents itself in tangible
shape and form, whereas the emergent is
subtler in its appearance. Entrepreneurs need
to pre;sense emergent reality, thus
they require more than ordinary
attentiveness.
However,
information
consumes
the
attention of
the
recipient,
and
urgent
information
is
by
nature more
demanding
of
attention
than
emergent.
Yet
it
is
an awareness of the
emergent that frequently distinguishes the
successful leader, the individual who
can
see
through
the
reactive
demands
of
day;to;day
urgency
to
act
rapidly
upon
the emergent
trends
that,
if
capitalized
upon,
can
ensure
commercial
triumph.
One
way
of ensuring time
to identify
the emergent is to make time for reflective
moments in work life in order to
restore the quality of attentiveness
and see through the fog of the immediate.
关于企业经营，
最大的矛盾之一是企
业家必须具备立足现在，
放眼长远的能力。
常规压力促
使我们被眼前问题所左右，季度报告啦，
市场份额啦，以及实际投资回报
太过重要，以至于
顾不上关注长远（战略性）问题。眼前问题是实实在在明摆着的，而长
远问题还没出现呢。
企业家需要能够预感长远问题的存在，
这就
需要他们具备比常人更高的注意力。
然而，
信息
会消耗接受者的注意力。
而且，
眼前问题在性质上比长
远问题更需要关注。
然而，
让一个成
功
的领袖脱颖而出的品质正是他对长远问题的关注。
他可以越过日常事务的干扰，
看到长远
的发展趋势，
如果抓住这些趋势，
就可以保证商业上的成功。
审时度势的一个方法是在工作
中保留一些反省的时间，以便让注意力休养生息，看透眼前的迷雾。
捕捉长远发展趋
势比处理当前问题容易。
（
F
）
< br>人们容易被眼前问题困住。
（
T
）
为了处理眼前问题，
人们容
易放松对长远战略问题的关注。
（
T
）
It is easier to spot an
emergent trend than an urgent issue
（
F
）
The present tends to be governed by the
immediate demands.
（
T
）
It is easy to lose sight of the
strategic issues given the demands that immediate
issues
make.
（
T
）
24
、
Some
doctors
claim
that
any
information
received
from
a
patient
during
a
medical consultation
is
subject
ethically
to
absolute
confidentiality
and
can
in
no
circumstance
be revealed without
the
patient?s
permission.
Without
such
a
rule,
they
believe
that
patients would
not
supply
all
of
the
information
needed
to
treat
them. Most
however,
believe
that their
obligations
to
society
override
their
obligations
to
their
patients;
for
example,
being prepared to report to
the police a patient who persisted in driving,
despite the existence of a condition
that
rendered
them
unsafe.
One
reason
for
such
a
conflict
is
that whilst
courts recognize the
confidentiality of exchange
between
lawyers and clients, this is not extended to
doctor and patients.
一些医生称，
受职业道德的约束，
在会诊期间得到
的病人信息是绝对保密且未经病人允许，
任何情况下都绝对不允许对外泄露的。
他们认为如果没有这个规定，
病人不会向他们提供治
疗所需的全部信息。
但是大多数医生认为对社会负责远远比对病人负责来的重要。<
/p>
比如，
即
便向警察告发一个执意要开车的
病人可能会让自己招致危险，
但医生们还是会告发。
造成这
种冲突的原因是法庭只认可律师与其客户之间的机密性，而不认可医生与病人之间的。
医生会向警察告发存在安全隐患的病人
病人很少允许医生与比人讨论自
己
的病情
医生支持有关病人信息保密性的职业规
定
A doctor would report to
the police a patient who was a danger to
others.
（
C
）
Patients rarely
give permission for a doctor to discuss their
medical details with others.( C)
Doctors are in agreement about the
ethics and practice of patient confidentiality.
(F)
25
、
Private airline companies have always
been determined to operate a transport
system that is safe
for
passengers,
whilst
still
remaining
competitively
priced
and
commercially
viable. However,
a
private
sector
business
can
only
remain
viable
if
it
generates
profits
for
its
shareholders.
Recent
reports
suggest
that
if
all
aircrafts
were
fitted with
military
derived Ground-to-air
missile
defense
system,
and
at
all
airports
there
was
infallible
screening
for
weapons
and
explosives
then
the
system would
be
much
safer. However,
totally
effective screening would preclude all
possibility of profit, and current systems are
still very thorough, whilst also
providing a good cost;benefit ratio.
25.
私人航空公司总是在下决心要
为乘客们运行一个安全的交通系统，
同时又具有竞争力的
价格和
商业利益。然而，
私营企业如果要为其股东们创造收益的话，往往只能剩下利益。最
近的报告显示，
如果所有的飞机都安装军用驱动的地对空导弹防御系
统，
并且所有机场都具
有万无一失的对枪支弹药的安检，
那么这个系统就会安全得多。
但是完全有效的安检只会阻
断利益，而且现行的系统还是比较完善的，同时还能产生比较好的成本效益。
军用飞
机比商用飞机更安全。
（
C
）
已经能够获得比现行所使用的更有效的航空安全系统。
（
T<
/p>
）
现行的航空安全系统能够提供
成本与利益的最佳组合。
（
C
）
Military aircraft are safer
than commercial craft.
（
C
）
More effective
airline security systems than are currently in use
are available.
（
T
）
Current airline
security systems provide the best possible mix of
cost against benefit.
（
C
）
26
、
Full
employment
is
a
concept, which
is
often
referred
to
but
seldom
defined.
Beveridge?s
description
comes
close
to what
most economists understand
by
the
term.
In his
view
full employment means
that
“unemployment
is
reduced
to
short
intervals
of
standing by, with the
certainty that very soon one will
be
wanted in
one?s
old job
again or will be wanted in a new job that is
within
one?s
powers.”
In other words,
full employment does not mean zero unemployment,
but
allows
for
some
measure
of
acceptable
unemployment,
for
example,
“frictional”
unemployment whilst changing jobs.
充分就业只是一个经常被提及却很少被定义的概念。贝弗里奇
的描述更接近大多数经济学
家对这个术语的理解。贝弗里奇认为，充分就业意味着“失业
缩短了待业间隔，一个人必然
会因其能力被原来的工作再次需要或被一份新的工作所需要
。
换言之，
充分就业并不意味着
完全失
业，而是考虑到某些可接受的失业措施。比如，
“摩擦性”失业同时改变了职业。
充分就业有多种定义（错误）
一些经济学家并不理解贝弗里奇所说的充分就
业（错
误）
贝弗里奇认为，充分就业包含了失业人员一定会很
快重回工作岗位的观点
（正确）
Definitions of full employment are
abundant.
（
F
）
Some economists do not
understand full employment in
Beveridge?s
terms.
（
C
）
In
B?s
view,
full
employment
incorporates
those
unemployed
people
who
are
certain
to regain work very shortly.
（
T
）
27
、
The typical share-save scheme is a
regular savings plan that gives employees the
opportunity to purchase shares in 3.5
or 7 years time, should they choose to exercise
the
purchase option, at a discounted
price fixed before the saving period starts. In
addition to
potential financial gains,
the employee also has the opportunity to
participate in future
company
development through
the
acquisition
of
shares.
The
employee
does
not
have
to
pay
income
tax
on
any gains made on
the
exercise of
the
option
to buy
shares,
though
there may be
a
liability
to capital
gains
tax
if
the
shares
are
sold
and
the
resulting
gains
cause
that
particular
employee?s
level of capital
gains liability to exceed the annual exempt
amount.
分红是一种常规的储蓄计划，
员工有机会在
3.5
到
7<
/p>
年内购买股份。
他们可以在储蓄周期开始
之前以固定的折扣价行使购买权。
除了潜在的经济收益外，
员工
也可以有机会通过认购股份
参与公司未来的发展。
员工购买的股
份获得的任何收益都不用交个人所得税，
不过如果某个
员工的股
份出售产生的收益水平超过了年度免税金额，这部分收益可能需要交资本增值税。
员工经常在储蓄期满以后选择出售股份
参与分红的话，员工不会自动付资本
增值税。
个人出售股份不会产生可能的税收。
Employees usually exercise the option
to sell their shares at the end of the saving
period.
（
C
）
Employees
do
not
automatically
have
to
pay
Capital
Gains
Tax
as
a
consequence
of
participating in share;save scheme.
（
T
）
Individuals who sell shares
generate no potential tax liability.
（
F
）
28
、
Staff
monitoring is a particularly issue for managers
–
the only kind of staff
monitoring
not subject
to
regulation
is where
one
individual
watches
another.
Once
any
recording
starts, even if it is
manual, monitoring is subject to the Data
Protection Act
–
employees need to be told about
monitoring takes place and why. The information
gathered has to be kept secure, and
affected
staffs
have
the
right
to
see
information
related
to
them.
Whilst
a
person?s
consent
is
not
required,
he
or
she
must
be
consulted
about
the
processing
of
personal information
(monitoring data is construed as
“personal”),
and monitoring
practices must not
cause
unnecessary stress. However, covert monitoring
without consultation may be used,
but
only
in
particularly
serious
circumstances,
such
as
when
a
staff
member
is
suspected
of dishonest. In such a
case, the covert surveillance (e.g.
hidden cameras) must be in targeted
areas and at times when the dishonest behavior is
expected; any other information must be
disregarded.
28
对员工的监督对经理们来说是个特别的问题
-
< br>只有一种对员工的监督不受法律管制，
那就
是一对一的监
督。一旦任何记录开始，即便是手工操作的，监督也受数据保护法约束
-
雇员
需要被告知为何要监督，
以及监督的原因。
收集的信息必须保持安全，
并且牵涉的员工有权
查看和他们相关的信息。同时并不需要个人同意，要向他（或她）征询个人信息（监督信息
需被创建为
“个人的”
）
，
且监督行为不可引起不必要的压力。
然而，不加询问的隐蔽监督也
是可行的，
但仅在情节特别严重的情况下可行，比如，当一个员工被
控失信时。这这种情况
下，隐蔽监控（比如，隐藏摄像机）必须在目标区域内进行，并且
在不诚信的行为可能发生
的时间里进行。任何其他的信息都必须被忽略。
当监督员工时，不可能避开数据
保护
法令。
经理们发现判断隐蔽监控步骤的启用很难。
在有监控范围内的任何在
大楼里的
雇员都可以看到全部的信息。
It is not
possible to avoid the Data Protection Act when
monitoring staff.
（
F
）
Managers find it difficult to justify
the use of covert monitoring
procedures.
（
C
）
Any
employee in a building where monitoring is taking
place may see all of the information
collected.
（
F
）
29
、
Without
exception,
living
non-human
primates
habitually
more
around
on
all
fours,
or quadrupedally, when they are on the
ground. Scientists generally
assume
therefore that the last
common
ancestor
of
humans
and
chimpanzees
(our
closest
living
relative) was
also
a
quadrupted. Exactly when the last common
ancestor lived is unknown, but clear
indications of bipedalism, the trait that
distinguishes
ancient humans from other
apes, are evident in the oldest known species of
Australopithecus, which lived in Africa
roughly four millions years ago.
29
毫无例外，非人灵长类动物在陆
地上更习惯使用四肢前行。科学家们常因此推测人类和
大猩猩
（
现存的和我们最接近的亲缘动物）
最后的共同祖先也是一种四足动物。
< br>这种最后的
共同祖先是否确实还存活不得而知，
但用两足
运动的确凿指示，
该特点将古代人类同猿类区
分开来，
这种特点在南猿这种最古老的已知物种中尤为明显，
而南猿大约在四百万
年前生活
在非洲。
用
两足运动的猿类比用四足运动的猿类更具进化上的优势
（
C
）
用两
足
运动是将古代人类和南猿区分开来的最大特点。
（
F
）
南猿同大猩猩一样同古代人类
相近。
（
F
）
Bipedal apes are more
evolutionarily advantaged than quadrupedal ones.
（
C/
）
Bipedalism is the main trait that
distinguishes ancient humans from
Australopithecus.
（
F
）
Australopithecus is as
closely related to ancient man as to the
chimpanzee.
（
F
）
30
、
A new computer program can
tell whether a book was written by a
man or a woman.
The simple scan of key
words and syntax is about 80% accurate on both
fiction and
non-fiction. The
program?s
success seems to
confirm the stereotypical perception of
differences in male and female language
use. Crudely put, men talk more about objects
and women more about relationships.
Female
writers
use
more
pronouns
(I,
you,
she,
myself),
whilst
males
prefer
words
that identify
or
determine
nouns
(a,
the,
that)
and words
that
quantify
them
(one,
two, more). These
differing
styles
have
previously
been
called
“involved”
and
“informational”,
respectively.
The
algorithm
within
the
program was
initially
trained
on
a
few
test
cases
to
identify
the most prevalent
fingerprints of gender and of fiction and
non;fiction. The algorithm can now be
focused
on
new
bodies
of
text.
Strikingly,
the
distinctions
between
male
and
female writers
are much
the
same
as
those
that,
even more
clearly,
differentiate
non
fiction;and
fiction. The program
can tell these two
genres apart with 98% accuracy.
Stereotypes are
generally based on fact.
（
C
）
Women are more likely than
men to adopt an
“informational”
style of
written
communication.
（
F
）
The program is more
accurate at identifying the gender of the writer
then the fiction or
non;fiction content
of the passage.
（
F
）
31
、
Sandford
Group?s
first end of year
announcement since the takeover of SPX Inc
placed much emphasis
on
the
period
of
extreme
transformation
and
development
undergone
by
the company.
Emphasis was
placed
on
the
admirable way
that
its
employees
had
steered
the company through a
turbulent
six months, and subsequent
benefits that were being reaped, such as a steady
growth of
the Sandford brands in the
marketplace. Whilst recognizing that the
takeover
had
been
undertaken
as
a
way
of
increasing
market
share,
rather
than
improving
efficiency,
the
announcement
made
much
of
the
substantial
yet
somewhat unintended
cost
reductions
that
had
taken
place.
This
was
explained
by
the
swift
introduction of
SPX?s
computer systems which permitted a
Group headcount cut and also the
subletting of surplus office space.
Sandford
集团收购
SPX I
nc
公司后的第一个年终报告着重介绍了该公司在此期间的巨大转
变和发展，
着重介绍了该公司的员工如何在过去动荡的六个月与公司并肩奋斗，
以及随之产
生的效益，如
Sandford<
/p>
品牌在市场上的稳定增长。报告承认这次收购是以增加市场份额，
而不是提高效率，
的方式进行的，
也承认了计划外的大量成本削
减确实存在。
这是源于
SPX
电脑系统
的引进而导致的裁员以及多余办公区域的租金收入。
Sandford
收购
SPX
后的
日子过
得很不顺。
（
T)(
六个月
)
收购为公司赢得了超过预期的收益。
（
T
）
Sandford
品牌收购前的表现很差。
（
C
）
The time since
takeover has not always been easy for Sandford.
（
T
）
(six!
months)
The takeover
achieved more for the company than was initially
planned.
（
T
）
The performance of the
Sandford brands was poor prior to the takeover
。
（
C
）
32 Total
stocks of most minerals in the
earth?s
crust are still
large in relation to the current
rates
of use, and a high proportion of the minerals that
are consumed in the production
process
could, in principle, be recycled. The
technological and financial constraints on
recycling such concentrations of
minerals are considerable, however, and there is
no
guarantee that these constraints
could be overcome.
Substitution
of
abundant
for
scarce
resources
would
avoid the problem, but such
substitution is not always
technologically feasible.
<
/p>
尽管开采量惊人，
大多数矿物的地表储量依然很丰富，
并且生产过程中消耗的很大一部分矿
物在原则上都可以回收利用。
回收利用这部分矿物有很多技术和经济上的难题，
而且这些难
题不是很好解决。
使用富余资源替代稀有资源可以避免这些问题，
但这种替代技术上不总是
可行的。
回收和利用任何矿物的技术难题都很大。
（
F
）
大多数生产过程中消耗的
矿物可以节约回收利用。
（
C
）
认为使用富余资源替代稀有资源总会
产生无法克服的技
术难题的这种想法是不对的。
The technical constraints of recovering
any mineral are considerable.
（
F
）
Most of the minerals
consumed in the production process can be
economically recycled.
（
C
）
It
is
wrong
to
assume
that
the
substitution
of
abundant
for
scarce
resources
will
create
insurmountable technical problems on every
occasion.
（
T
）
33
、
The controversial new code on corporate
governance has been reassessed and
significantly changed in advance of
publication. Following intense pressure from
company
directors many of the original
proposals have been scrapped, and many others have
been
watered down to reduce the
pressure of compliance on organizations. Overall,
the
revisions have resulted in the
removal of rules that restrict company behaviors
in
favor
of
the
introduction
of
a
recommendations;based
approach,
which
does
not
set specific
standards of behavior. The
changes have highlighted
the
divide
between
company directors,
who
generally
support
the
changes
as
vital
to
keep
away
from
a
culture
of
rule avoidance,
and
other
shareholder
groups
who
believe
that
a
best
practice
approach
lacks
teeth and will not
result in greater
board accountability.
33
对企业管治有争议的新规已被重新评估，并在颁布之前进行了很大程度的修改。因为收
到来自于企业主管们的压力，
很多原先的提议已被废除，
其他一些的也被稀释，
来减小服从
组织的压力。
总的来说，
修改导致有利于建议引入来限制企业行为的法规被移除，<
/p>
根据该方
法，
这无法设定明确的行为准则
。
这些修改凸显了企业主管层和股东们之间的意见分歧，
通
常企业主管们总的来说都支持重要的修改来回避规则规避文化，
而股
东群体一般坚信最佳的
实践方案缺乏监管且无法导致更有影响力的董事会问责。
根据修改，现行的准则
在企业
管理途径方面更有前景。
企业管理者和虎股东们都同意
需要做些事来加强企业
管理过程。
制度规避文化导致了董事会问责力的减小。
Following the revision, the code is now
much more prescriptive in its approach to
corporate
governance.
（
F
）
Company
directors
and
shareholders
are
in
agreement
that
something
has
to
be
done
to improve processes of
corporate governance.
（
F
）
A culture of rule avoidance leads to
less board accountability.
（
C
）
34
、
The location
of a shop operated by a charity
in an affluent neighborhood
could be
deemed extremely
advantageous
because
this
increases
the
potential
for
a
continuous
supply
of highly valuable donations. However,
this may be
counterbalanced by an
exorbitant rent for the property. Of fundamental
importance to the
success of the shop
is a dedicated group of volunteers who
should
sort
through
donations
promptly
to
ensure
that
items
are
quickly made available
for
purchase,
in order
to
promote
financial
prosperity. Volunteers and
staff must be
vigilant of
thieves, to which these shops are particularly
susceptible, usually due to a
lack of security cameras or bar codes
on the item.
将经营地点选在富人区对于由慈
善团体
/
机构经营的商店来说是极为有利的，因为这样可以
增加人们源源不断地捐赠高价商品的概率。
不过富人区高昂的租金也
抵消了这样的优势。
对
于商店来说，最为重要的是一群一心一意
尽职尽责的志愿工作者。为了促进店面经济繁荣，
他们会及时将赠品分类上架，
以保证客人能快速买到商品。
志愿者和员工们需严防小偷。
由
于缺乏安全摄像头和产品条形码，小偷很容易偷走店里的商品。
唯一能影响慈善
团体
/
机构是否能经营好商店的因素是店面的选址问题。
（错误）
如果慈善团体
/
机
构经营的商店里没有安全摄像头货产品条形码，商品极
易被扒手偷走。
（正确）
富
人区的慈善商店员工比非富人区的慈善商店员工要更尽职尽责。
< br>（
C
）
The only factor affecting the financial
success of a shop operated by a charity is its
location.
（
F
）
Shops operated by
charitable organizations are particularly
vulnerable to shoplifter if there
are no security cameras or bar codes on
items.
（
T
）
It is less
likely that shops operated by charities which are
situated in affluent
neighborhoods will
have volunteers who are more dedicated, than those
in less wealthy
neighborhoods.
（
C
）
35 The
prospect
of accepting negative feedback about
ourselves
elicits
conflict,
as we
need
to assess
the
immediate
emotional
costs
of
negative
information
about
ourselves
against
the long-term benefits of gaining
useful
feedback. Studies have confirmed
what most managers seem to have known already,
that
the mood we in whilst receiving
feedback often influences the
relative weight
people
assign
to
emotional
costs
versus
the
informational
benefits
of
receiving
negative feedback. The
studies that have been carried out have
demonstrated that
positive moods can
function as a buffer and therefore enable people
affected in this way
to both accept, as
well as better handle, the emotional costs of
negative self-related
information.
收到对自身的负面评价会引起一个矛盾，
因为一方面我们当时对负面信息势必会产生的反感
情绪，
而
另一方面获得对自己有用的反馈长远来看又大有裨益，
要衡量这之间的利弊很重要。
研究表明，
很多管理者早已经知道这点，
在
传递负面信息给别人的时候，
那人当时的情绪很
重要，
他是会更多地倾向于抵触和反感，
还是偏向于接受这些有效信息带来的益
处。
在实施
研究的过程中发现，
当人处
于积极情绪的时候，
可以很好地缓冲，
使人更好地接受和处理接
收到的与自己相关的负面评价的信息。
当告诉员工关于他们工作表现的负面评价
的时候，管理者越来越多地考
虑到员工的情绪，
接受负面评价可以看做一种利弊权衡
，
短期和长期的损耗和益处
个
人情绪不会影响到他所受到的评价是否会是负面的。
Managers are increasingly taking
employees?
moods into
consideration when providing
them with
negative feedback regarding their
performance.
（
C
）
Accepting
negative
feedback
involves
a
trade;off
between
short;term
and
long;term
costs and benefits.
（
T
）
An
individual?s
mood will have
no effect on how negative feedback is received.
（
F
）
36
、
Over
the
past
decade
there
has
been
a
steady
growth
in
the
holiday
industry
whilst
the number of
travel agencies has declined. This
is due
to
the
increasing number of
customers who
are
booking
their
holidays
online,
because
of
a
quicker
and
more
financially
viable service.
However,
specialist travel
agencies, such as those focusing on particular
regions or holiday
activities, remain
successful as they have an in;depth understanding
of a region and
the
customers who go there. The staffs are also
multilingual, and thanks to their
specialized knowledge they can provide
good deals, meaning that their prices are often
lower than non;specialist travel agents
and online companies.
在过去的十
年里，
节假日产业有了稳定的增长，
而旅行社的数量却在减少。
这是因为有了一
种更加便捷可行的在线支付服务，
网上预订度假行程的旅客数量上升了。
然而，
专业的
旅行
社，
比如那些主攻特色区域和假日体验活动，
依然立于不败之地，
因为他们对当地的区域和
去那里
旅游的客户群体有非常深入的了解。
旅行社的员工也是各种语言的都有，
多亏他们的
专业知识，
旅行社能够提供划算的交易，<
/p>
价格通常比同行中不那么专业的旅行社和网上的公
司要低。
旅行社专业人员的知识可以为消费者省钱。
向旅行社预定假日行程
并不总是更贵。
越来越多的人在网上预定假期而不是找旅行社，即使网
上要花费更长
的时间来找到合适的度假行程。
A travel
agent?s
specialist knowledge can be used to the financial
benefit of the customer.
strategy-引吭高歌
strategy-引吭高歌
strategy-引吭高歌
strategy-引吭高歌
strategy-引吭高歌
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