纬度-miao
Advanced English
Rhetorical Devices
Simile
Hyperbole
Metaphor
Antithesis
Metonymy
Pun
Synecdoche
Irony
Alliteration
Rhetorical
question
Anti-climax
Oxymoron
Parallelism
Euphemism
?
Simile
?
It
is
a
figure
of
speech
which
makes
a
comparison
between
two
unlike
elements
having
at
least
one
quality
or
characteristic
in
common. To make the comparison, words
like
as, as...as, as if
and
like
are used to transfer
the quality we associate with one to the
other.
?
I wandered lonely as a
cloud.
?
The pen is to a writer what the gun is
to a fighter.
?
The diamond is as blue as the great
sea.
?
The ruby shall be redder than a red
rose.
?
Metaphor
?
It
is
like
a
simile,
also
makes
a
comparison
between
two
unlike
elements,
but
unlike
a
simile,
this
comparison
is
implied
rather
Advanced English
than stated.
?
The world is a stage.
?
Beauty without
virtue is a rose without fragrance.
?
Some books are
to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to
be chewed and digested.
?
Snow clothes
the ground.
?
The lecturer looked down at the sea of
faces beneath him.
?
Metonymy
?
The
substitution of the name of one thing for that of
another with
which it is closely
associated.
?
Gray hairs
should be
respected.
?
I
have never read
Li Bai.
?
He is too fond
of
bottle.
?
I was not one
to let my
heart
rule my
head.
?
借喻不直接说出所要说的事物
,
而使用另一个与之相关的事物
名称。指两
种不同事物并不相似，但又密不可分，因而常用其
中一种事物名称代替另一种。就是借用
甲来表示乙，但前提条
件是甲必须与乙关系密切和本质上有相似之处。
< br>
?
Synecdoche
?
It involves the
substitution of the part for the whole, or the
whole
for the part.
?
The poor man
had six mouths to feed.
Advanced English
?
What a lovely
creature!
?
The wolf and the pig mingled together
in his face.
?
提喻用部分代替全体
,
或用全体代替部分<
/p>
,
或特殊代替一般一般
代替特殊
.
又称举隅法，举隅指举一反三之意，具有“牵一发
< br>而动全身”之功能。主要特点是局部代表全体，或以全体喻指
部分，或以抽象代具
体，或以具体代抽象。
?
Metonymy & synecdoche
?
metonymy
与
synecdoche
的共同点是它们都可以用人体
的各个
部位进行借代；
它们的不同点在于：
metonymy
是利用人体部位
指代其功能或特点，
而
synecdoche
则是利用人体的部
位指代整
体。试比较：
?
例
1
：
Her
heart ruled her head.
她的感情控制了理智。
emotions,
good sense
?
（该句用
“心”
指代
“感情”
，
用
“头”
指代
“理智”
。
虽然
“心”
和
“头”
都是人体的部位，
但说话者并没有用
它们来借代
“人”
这个整体，而是指代根据其特点联想所产生的
东西，故该句所
采用的修辞手法是
metonymy
。
）
?
例
2
：
No
eye
saw
him,
but
a
second
later
every
ear
heard
a
gunshot.
man
?
没有人看见他。
< br>可是，
一秒钟以后每个人都听到一声枪响。
（
“眼
睛”和“耳朵”都是人体的部位，在此用来借代其整体“人”
。
故该句所采用的修辞手法是
synecdoc
he
。
）
Advanced English
?
例
3
：
We
are all ears.
我们洗耳恭听。
listening
attentively
?
（
“耳朵”是人体部位，在此用来指代其“听”的功能，故该句
所采用的修辞手法是
metonymy
。
）
?
例
4
：
Two
heads are better than one.
两个脑袋总比一个脑袋强。
people
?
（
“头”
是人体部位，在此指代整体“人”
，故该句所采用的修
辞手法是
synecdoche
。
）
?
例
5
：
He
has an old head on young shoulders.
他年轻而有见识。
experiencesyoung
man
?
（
head
是人体部位，前面加了形容词
old
后，产生一种联想意
义，即“有见识的”
；
shoulders
也是人体部位，前面加了形容
词
young
后，产生一种象征意义，
即“年轻人”
。该句没有用人
体部位指代整体，而是用人体部位
指代其特点，故该句所采用
的修辞手法是
metonymy
。
）
?
例
6
：
Never show your face again.
千万不要再露面。
body
?
（
“脸”
是人体部位，在此指代整个“人”
，故该句所采用的修
辞手法是
synecdoche
。
）
?
Alliteration
?
Alliteration:
The
use
in
a
phrase
or
sentence
of
words
beginning
with
the
same
letter
of
sound.
Alliteration
should
be
used
only
when the writer makes a strong
emotional response to his subject.
?
a) We felt
strong, smug, secure. (Bailey:
The
American Pageant
)
Advanced
English
?
b)
Colonel
Mueller
neither
forgives
nor
forgets.
(Sheldon:
The
other side of
Midnight
)
?
c)
They
pay
in
taxes
needed
in
part
to
finance
Medicare
and
Medicaid.
(
Time
, May 28, 1979)
?
d) Millions
depend for their bread and butter on FBI’s smile
or its
scowl. (Cook:
The FBI
Nobody Knows
)
?
Anti-climax
?
The sudden appearance of an absurd or
trivial idea following one
or more
significant or elevated ideas. Anticlimax is
usually comic in
effect.
?
The duties of a
soldier are to protect his country and peel
potatoes.
?
Hiroshima is a town known throughout
the world for its---oysters.
?
Parallelism
?
A
balance
of
two
or
more
grammatically
and
semantically
similarwords,
phrases, or clauses. The application of
parallelism in
sentence construction
improves writing style and readability
—
to
give the
sentence rhythm, balance and force.
?
Generally,
there are five ways to achieve parallelism.
?
A. Express
similar ideas in similar grammatical forms
?
B. Arrange
parallel elements in climactic order
?
C. Use parallel
forms with coordinating
conjunctions
并列连词
?
D. Use parallel
forms with correlative
conjunctions
关联连词